Sandi Gulbransen University of Utah Health Care Frank A. Drews University of Utah Center for Human Factors in Patient Safety VA Salt Lake City Health Care System Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Surveillance Center Elements of an Agile Safety Culture in Health Care
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Sandi Gulbransen University of Utah Health Care Frank A. Drews University of Utah Center for Human Factors in Patient Safety VA Salt Lake City Health Care.
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Sandi GulbransenUniversity of Utah Health Care
Frank A. DrewsUniversity of Utah
Center for Human Factors in Patient Safety VA Salt Lake City Health Care System
Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Surveillance Center
Elements of an Agile Safety Culture in Health Care
Procedure violations Common problem in many industries Routine violations
Person perceives an alternative, more efficient way to perform task Lack of feedback External (social) pressures reinforce routine violations
Violation producing conditions Perceived low likelihood of detection Inconvenience Time pressure
Design for Adherence
Central line maintenance: A trivial task? Maintenance requires more than 25 steps
Breakdowns in maintenance can result in central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
Design for Adherence
Adherence Engineering to reduce Violations
A procedure: Central line maintenance Status quo
Current equipment does not support clinicians Opportunity to redesigning the task / equipment based on
Human Factors
Design for Adherence
Building an alternative Integrating checklist into equipment to support adherence to
best practices Applying AE principles
Multi step approach Involvement of Infusion Team Members / Physicians Involvement of Manufacturer Involvement of HF Engineers Iterative design and evaluation process
Virtuous cycle
Design for Adherence
New Kit
Non-Sterile Portion
Sterile PortionSmall size
Results
Clinical data CLABSI rates
Pre-intervention CLABSI rate: 3.23 / 1000 patient line days
Post-intervention CLABSI rate: 0 / 1000 patient line days
Incident rate ratio = 0 (95% CI:0-0.63; p<.01)
Results
Best Practice Odds Ratio / 95% CI Significance
Hand Sanitization 4.86 2.45-9.62
p < .0001
Chlorhexidine Scrub Duration
7.62.26-25.59
p < .0001
Anti-Microbial Bandage Application
0.70.14-3.57
p = .69
Catheter Hub Disinfection
7.854.14-14.9
p < .0001
Pre-intervention n = 107, Post-intervention n = 85
Design for Adherence
Discussion Clear improvement in adherence to best practices Fewer item omissions / errors Reduction in CLABSI
Development of a
Patient Monitor for Critical Care
ICU display
Two step approach Semi-structured interviews with ICU nurses
Goal: Understanding the limitations of current displays
Design Involvement of nurses, physicians, cognitive
psychologists Iterative design process
Evaluation study
Interviews to inform design
Interview Focus on experience with current displays
Confusing variables Missing information Error Relevance of trend information Patient variability Usability
Results (emerging themes)
Themes Example statement
Data acquisition / processing
Data processing leads to frequent false alarms
Data / event integration Marking events as explanation for changes in vital signsOnly contextual information allows for detection of artifacts
Data interpretation Applying meaning to variables
Monitoring trends in numerical data
Trend functions are not routinely used, not accessibleDefaulting to memory for trend assessmentNeed to visualize interrelationships between intervention and
physiologic variables
Usability issues Small font sizeColor coding of variables is not consistentCables should be color coded for ease of use and troubleshooting
Interviews to inform design
Discussion Current monitor equipment does not support