-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
SanctumDaily Study notes – Compilation
SSC/IBPSContents (200 Pages)
Double Fillers
Parajumble – The Economist
Cloze Test – The Economist
Common Error – Pronoun, Adjective, Non-Finite
Fill up the blanks – Phrasal Verb, Preposition
Daily Vocab – The Hindu
Exam Related Reading articles
New Pattern Questions for IBPS PO
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Sanctum English Notes21st August
Contents
1. Comprehension Class2. Cloze Test3. Vocab building Exercise4.
Parajumble5. Phrasal Verb6. Double Fillers7. Grammar
The foreign façade
The notion that anything foreign is taboo toour economy is
flawed thinking
The incoming head of the NITI Aayog, RajivKumar, recently said
in a column in DainikJagran that India is subject to
“foreigninfluences”, especially in the economic sphere.He said we
must overcome the impact of theMacaulay and Anglo-Saxon world view.
It’simportant to analyse this statement and thesweeping
generalisations that come with it.
The aim of the NITI Aayog is to develop as athink tank which can
make India competitiveand self-reliant in a globalised world.
However,the notion that anything “foreign” is taboo to ourecosystem
is flawed thinking in an integratedmodern economy. And despite Mr.
Kumar’sassertions of “foreign influence” fading away, itis a fact
that many prominent and competentpeople in economic policy in the
Modigovernment have been educated or have workedabroad, including
Mr. Kumar himself! Thisindicates that many Indians who have
excelledabroad want to contribute to the economy. In amodern
economy like ours, we need people withinternational exposure (to
learn from the world’smistakes) rather than armchair
unaccountablepseudo-economists giving lectures, under thecover of
political ideology, on what has to bedone.
An alternative model
The second problematic notion is of foreign-bound economists
being “Anglo-Saxon” inthought and process. While there are
severaleconomists with a western world view ofeconomic theory,
there are also a substantialnumber who agree with the negative
impact ofthe theoretical influences of Anglo-Saxoneconomic thought
on our policymaking and wantit to be replaced with something
moreindigenous. But what is the alternative? Whilethere are pockets
of ideas which glorify oursmall and medium-sized enterprises, we
haven’treally established a robust alternative model likewhat
Singapore and China have done to suittheir sociocultural
tendencies. To establish amodel like that is possible only when we
havecompetent people with a broader globalunderstanding of policies
and ideas and yet havea unique approach to integrate
Swadeshiqualities.
Third, barring one or two Indian institutes, theacademic quality
of economists is no match toglobal standards. For example, India
wasplunged into an economic crisis in 1991 largelydue to the flawed
policies of home-growneconomists who were abiding by the
defunctsocialist model of the 1970s and ’80s. TheInternational
Monetary Fund, for all its flaws,provided financial support to
India to get out ofthe crisis. So what’s the point of
criticisingmultilateral institutions when our own policieshad
neither the scale nor the vision to take usforward? Should we not
pick up usefulrecommendations from these multilateralinstitutions?
The focus needs to be on makingcalculated judgments on what suits
us and whatdoesn’t rather than on shutting outopportunities.
By adapting such narrow-minded views, we areisolating talented
Indians who are willing tocontribute to the country. The NITI Aayog
needsto recruit Indian talent to suit the new ideas thatthey think
are good for India.
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Difficult Words –
Façade – मुखौटा - the way sth appears to be,which mayn’t be
realNotion – धारणा - an understanding of sthFlawed – कमी - defect,
faultTaboo – विजत बात - forbidden, unmentionableFade away – गरावट
होना - decline, decreaseCompetent – यो यता - capable, ableProminent
– famous, well- knownIndigenous - वदेशी - nativeGlorify – तार फ -
praiseRobust – मजबतू- strongBar – नकालना - exclude, banPlunge –
गोता लगाना - dive, crash, go downDefunct – नि य - expired,
invalidSummary of the Article
Why should we come to terms with ‘foreign’?- Because there is
much to learn from
foreign countries than being in India. It’smore of a political
ideology which doesn’thelp the economy.
What are the alternative models suggested bythe writer?
- Integrate our models with foreign ideas.- Accept
recommendations from institutes
like IMF
Other Statements- China and Singapore have developed
models to suit their socio-culturaltendencies.
- Thinking that foreign influence is fadingaway isn’t true.
New Pattern Cloze Test – The EconomistMagazine – 29th April
EXECUTIVES at firms selling consumer stapleslike to think of
themselves as “marketing gurus”.But how many could
actually______(1)_____(support) themselves into the lotusposition,
let alone attempt a headstand? Suchfeats are nothing for the top
_____(2)____(head)at Patanjali, an Indian purveyor of
tooth-paste,cooking oil, herbal concoctions and much else.Fronted
by a bona fide guru, the firm’smarketing strategy—play up the
benefits ofnatural products, then paint foreignmultinationals as
latter-day imperialists—delivers over $1bn in annual sales, up
tenfold in
four years. Having _____(3)_____(search) the firmas a fad, the
likes of Colgate-Palmolive andUnilever are emulating it. Baba
Ramdev, anascetic yogi who is the public face of the brand,makes
for an unconventional capitalist symbol.But with Acharya
Balkrishna, a devotee of hiswho serves as the firm’s boss and
majority-owner, he has built a consumer-goodspowerhouse that is
______(4)____(trying) with thebusiness-school graduates at the
multinationals.Starting out two decades ago as an apothecaryof
traditional Ayurvedic potions, Patanjali has______(5)____(traded)
into personal care, homeproducts, packaged food and more. Mr
Ramdev’sbeard and saffron robes are among India’s mostwidely seen
corporate _____(6)____(points).Marketing textbooks suggest the firm
shouldhave stumbled a while back. Whereasmultinationals such as
Procter & Gamble spendheavily to advertise dozens of
sub-brands,Patanjali grew by word of _____(7)_____(friend)and sells
everything from detergent to cornflakesand hair oil under its own
name. Establishedplayers outsource their manufacturing and
sellthrough shops owned by third parties; Patanjalihas its own
plants and has built a network ofthousands of exclusive, franchised
stores acrossIndia. Its head office in Haridwar, in the foothillsof
the Himalayas, is not in a place consultantswould recommend. Nor
would they havepredicted the success of its formula—goodquality and
value plus indignant nationalism.Newspaper ads
_______(8)______(entice)customers to shake off the yoke of
multinationalfirms in the way their forebears resisted
Britain’sEast India Company. A dash of cow urine in ahandful of
products, including soap and floorcleaner, burnishes its Hindu
credentials.1. (a) find (b) contort (c) let
(d) picked (e) No Change2. (a) man (b) people (c) brass
(d) boss (e) No Change3. (a) dismissed (b) found (c) called
(d) told (e) No Change4. (a) going (b) taking (c) asking
(d) vying (e) No Change5. (a) involved (b) dissolved (c)
evoked
(d) expanded (e) No Change6. (a) housed (b) centers (c)
changes
(d) emblems (e) No Change7. (a) face (b) word (c) good
(d) mouth (e) No Change8. (a) force (b) requests (c) beseech
(d) takes (e) No change
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Vocab Building Exercise 9 –
1. snub (v)a. to ignore b. to avoidc. to shun d. all of the
above
2. mercurial (adj)a. changing predictablyb. changing
unpredictablyc. made of mercuryd. planet
3. palette (n)a. artist’s brush keeping boxb. artist’s paint
mixing boardc. artist’s frame boxd. artist’s planning board
4. shimmer (v)a. to flicker like sunlightb. to shine like
sunlightc. to move like sunlightd. all of the above
5. unerring (adj)a. always making a mistakeb. rarely making a
mistakec. never making a mistaked. eventually making a mistake
Parajumble – IBPS PO
A. leading to an increase in productivity andoutput. Robots have
evolved tremendouslyover the years and are now being widely
usedin
B. The first modern-day Industrial Revolutiondates back to 1800s
and had manufacturingprocesses for metals, chemicals, textiles
andmining;
C. various sectors such as defence, disastermanagement, search
and rescue operations,and the entertainment industry in the formof
electronically operated toys.
D. with Egyptians using automated water clocksto strike the hour
bell and hydraulicallyoperated statues that could gesture andspeak
in 400 BC.
E. Subsequently, there have been many suchinstances of robotics
in the history ofmankind.
F. The concept of robotics has been in existencefor a long
time,
Phrasal Verbs –
Expressions with break
1. The firefighters had to break the door ______to rescue the
little girl.A) into B) out C) down
2. The burglar broke ______ the house and stoleall their money
and jewelry.A) away B) into C) forth
3. I don’t know why their marriage is breaking______.A) through
B) in C) up
4. After two hours of hard work, we decided tobreak ______ for a
little cup of coffee.A) off B) up C) into
5. We have to break ______ all our emotionalbarriers to feel
free.A) away B) down C) into
6. When he spread the news, panic broke______ in the city.A) in
B) away C) out
7. Scientists will break ______ in their search fornew sources
of energy.A) up B) through C) out
8. Mary feels miserable, for she’s just broken______ her
boyfriend.A) with B) up C) down
Phrasal Verbs with meanings:
Break away – to move awayBreak down –1. To stop working
2. To fail3. To lose control of your feelingsand start crying4.
To divide
Break sth down – 1. to make sth fall down2. To destroy
Break in – to enter a building by force
Break into – 1. to enter a building2. To suddenly start
running3. To be successful
Break off – 1. to become separated2. To stop doing sth at a
time
Break out – to start suddenlyBreak through – to make new and
importantdiscoveries
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Break through sth – overcome
Break up – to come to an endBreak up (with sb) – to end a
relationship
Double Fillers
1. The movie _________ many of the parents of itsyounger viewers
by including unnecessary______ in the dialogue.
a. Offended, vulgarityb. Left, verbosityc. Calls,
vocalizationsd. Challenges, garishnesse. Speaks, tonality
2. His neighbors found his ______ manner bossyand irritating,
and they ________ inviting him tobackyard barbeques.
a. Insentient, startedb. Magisterial, stoppedc. Reparatory,
triedd. Restorative, forgote. Modest, remember
Grammar Concepts:
Common Error
NounType 1 – Correct Use of noun
1. Yogesh knew the (a)/ the value of obedient (b)/too well (c)/
not to anticipate some (d) censure ofhis act. (d)/NE
2. The neglect of women (a)/ costs the world (b)/ agreat deal
both in (c)/ economic and in socialterms. (d)/ NE
3. After her retiring (a)/ she established may (b)/institutions
to train (c)/ underprivileged buttalented children. (d)/ NE
4. It is truth (a)/ that India is (b)/ the largestconsumer of
(c)/ gold in the world. (d)/ NE
5. The long gap needs (a)/ to be bridged soon (b)/because it has
created (c)/ a lot of unpleasant.(d)/ NE
6. On a number of occasions, (a)/ we had noticedthat (b)/ those
two employees (c)/ were often instate of confused. (d)/ No
Error
7. Identifying, nurturing and (a)/ developing anemployee’s
talent is (b)/ among the most
important task (c)/ of Human ResourceDevelopment department.
(d)/ NE
8. Many residents claim (a)/ that the company has(b)/ taken
their land (c)/ without adequatecompensating. (d)/ No Error
9. We informed customers (a)/ that there will be(b)/ no
interrupting in (c)/ our bank servicestomorrow. (d)/ NE
10.Three conditions critical (a)/ for growing plantsare soil,
temperature, chemical balance (b)/ oramount of moisture. (c)/
NE
AnswersCloze Test: 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6 D 7. D 8. CVocab
Building 9 – DBBDCParajumble - : fdebacPhrasal verb exercise : 1-C
2-B 3-C 4-A 5-B 6-C7-B 8-ADouble Fillers Answer: 1. A 2. BCommon
Error Answers
1. Yogesh knew the (a)/ the value of obedience(b)/ too well (c)/
not to anticipate some (d)censure of his act. (d)/NE
2. The neglect of women (a)/ costs the world(b)/ a great deal
both in (c)/ economic and insocial terms. (d)/ NE
3. After her retirement (a)/ she establishedmay (b)/
institutions to train (c)/underprivileged but talented children.
(d)/NE
4. It is a truth (a)/ that India is (b)/ the largestconsumer of
(c)/ gold in the world. (d)/ NE
5. The long gap needs (a)/ to be bridged soon(b)/ because it has
created (c)/ a lot ofunpleasantness. (d)/ NE
6. On a number of occasions, (a)/ we hadnoticed that (b)/ those
two employees (c)/were often in state of confusion. (d)/
NoError
7. Identifying, nurturing and (a)/ developing anemployee’s
talent is (b)/ among the mostimportant task (c)/ of Human
ResourceDevelopment department. (d)/ NE
8. Many residents claim (a)/ that the companyhas (b)/ taken
their land (c)/ withoutadequate compensation. (d)/ No Error
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
9. We informed customers (a)/ that there will be(b)/ no
interruption in (c)/ our bankservices tomorrow. (d)/ NE
10.Three conditions critical (a)/ for growingplants are soil,
temperature, chemicalbalance (b)/ or amount of moisture. (c)/
NE
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Sanctum Notes 22nd AugustDouble Fillers
1. Rajendra is always ______ about showing upfor work because he
feels that _______ is asign of irresponsibility.
a. legible , carelessnessb. tolerable, absenteeismc. punctual,
tardinessd. literal, tendencye. belligerent, haughtiness
2. Garvit would ______ her little sister into anargument
________ teasing her and callingher names.
a. Advocate, tob. provoke, byc. perforate, intod. lamente, toe.
expunge, for
3. The dress Anuradha wore ______ with small,glassy beads,
creating a shimmering__________.
a. Titillated, resultb. Reiterated, consequencec. Scintillated,
effectd. Enthralled, repercussione. Striated, result
Parajumble
A. India’s growth engine saw a revival afterindependence in
1947.
B. Liberation from British Raj not only broughtabout political
freedom
C. One of the dominant themes of India’sfreedom movement was
D. In less than seven decades since then,India’s per capita
income—at constant prices—grew six times, data from The
MaddisonProject shows.
E. but more concerted efforts to raise the levelof economic
growth and development.
F. Despite hiccups and some inherent flaws inthe plans of
India’s new political elites,
G. the economic costs imposed by unfriendlyBritish policies on
India.
Phrasal Verbs
Expressions with bring
1. Does this bring ______ memories?A) in B) on C) back
2. She had to bring ______ the children byherself.A) on B) up C)
out
3. Did he ever bring ______ that book?A) back B) up C) on
4. Can I bring ______ my friend?A) up B) along C) out
5. Being a teacher doesn’t bring ______ muchmoneyA) up B) back
C) in
Bring sth about:- to make sth happen, Cause
Bring sth/sb back – to return sb/sth
Bring sth back – 1. to think about it again2. reintroduce
Bring sb down – defeat, to make sb fall over
Bring sth down – reduce,2. to make a bird fall down
Bring sth forward – to suggest sth for discussion
Bring sb/sth in – to be involved in sth2. to bring sb to a
police station3. to introduce a law4. to attract sb to a place5. to
give a decision in a court
Bring off – to succeed in doing sth, pull off
Bring sth out – to make sth appear2. to produce sth3. to make
sth easy to understand
Bring up – to care for a child- 2. To mention a subject- 3. To
vomit
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
about:-www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Cloze TestWHEN some of Latvia’s banks became infectedwith dirty
money, all paid the price.“Correspondent” banks—international
banksthat clear smaller banks’ foreign-currencytransactions through
big financial centres—______(1)_____(chased) detaching from the
Balticcountry. JPMorgan Chase withdrew in 2013. Bylast year only
Deutsche Bank was_____(2)____(also). It soon stopped serving half
ofLatvia’s lenders, and in March began droppingthe rest, leaving
them at risk of being unable toconduct
dollar-_____(3)____(earned)transactions, from paying remittances
tofinancing trade. The _____(4)____(exchange)happened despite
Latvia’s improved financialoversight. In the past two years its
regulatorsput a dozen banks through stringent
anti-money-_____(5)____(earning) audits. The
banks____(6)____(shred) 19,000 high-risk clients in thepast year
alone. As Deutsche continues itsphased withdrawal, Latvian banks
are trying topersuade it to change its mind, while scramblingto
find alternatives. A switch to settling in euros,Latvia’s currency,
might be an option, but that_____(7)_____(lists) problems in
sectors wheregoods are priced in dollars, such ascommodities.
Strict new rules on capital andliquidity after the financial crisis
have______(8)____(headed) the cost-benefit balanceaway from global
banks’ least-profitable clients.But another cause of Latvia’s
travails is“derisking”: banks dropping customers in placesor
sectors have also been hit. Big banks have“unbanked everyone from
porn actors topawnbrokers”, says a regulator. Banks aredriven by
fear: fines for aiding financial crimehave shot
_____(9)____(through), in both amountand number. A decade ago banks
were payingfines in America, the most _____(10)____(happy)country,
of tens of millions of dollars a yearbetween them; now they are
paying billions. In2014 France’sBNP Paribas stumped up $8.9bnfor
violating sanctions on Sudan, Iran and Cuba.Deutsche has been fined
several times, including$630m in connection with Russian
money-laundering. In some countries a complete shut-out from
correspondent banking looms.
1. (a) start (b)began (c) looked(d) set (e) No Change
2. (a) supported (b) left (c) bankrupt(d) arrived (e) No
Change
3. (a) dedicated (b) animated (c) related(d) denominated (e) No
change
4. (a) exodus (b) change (c) market
(d) management (e) No Change5. (a) arranging (b) sending (c)
finding
(d) laundering (e) No Change6. (a) left (b) felt (d) shade
(d) shed (e) No Change7. (a) faces (b) puts (c) poses
(d) throws (e) No Change8. (a) played (b) tilted (c)
slightly
(d) slated (e) No Change9. (a) up (b) off (c) down
(d) with (e) No Change10. (a) prominent (b) impunity (c)
corrupt
(d) punitive (e) No change
Vocab Building Exercise – 10
1. ology(suffix)a. meaning the study ofb. meaning the center
ofc. meaning the father ofd. meaning the mother of
2. geology (n)a. the study of waterb. the study of rocksc. the
study of starsd. the study of mathematics
3. sociology(n)a. the study of sportb. the study of rocksc. the
study of societyd. the study of diseases
4. archeology (n)a. the study of new culturesb. the study of art
and musicc. the study of medicined. the study of historic or
prehistoriccultures
5. criminology (n)a. the study of crime and criminalsb. the
study of time and crimec. the study of fish and animalsd. the study
of old words
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Rebooting India-Nepal Ties:-Nepal is run by a revolving door of
politicalleaders who have weakened the polity andeconomy over the
years, but who did battle theodds to promulgate a new Constitution.
India,meanwhile, has a Chief Minister-turned-PrimeMinister who has
had to learn geopolitics on thejob. Prime Minister Narendra Modi
would haverealised the limits of optics in geopolitics, andNepal
serves as a marker of adventurism goneawry.With global geopolitics
on the boil, and theHindi-Chini relationship in free fall, it
should bein India’s interest to secure its ownneighbourhood, and
that can only be throughletting national politics and governance of
thesmaller neighbours evolve without interference.Impediments,
implausibilitiesNew Delhi must use the visit of Nepal’s
newlyanointed Prime Minister, Sher Bahadur Deuba,on Wednesday as an
opportunity to hit the resetbutton on Nepal-India relations. Such
arebooting requires a cold and hard look at howNepal was handled
over the past decade,exemplified by the impediments placed in
thewriting, adoption and implementation of theConstitution.True,
India played a valued role in ending theMaoist insurgency in 2006,
but the periodthereafter was marked by escalating micro-meddling in
Nepal’s internal affairs. InConstitution-writing, there were
attempts todefine the new provincial boundaries accordingto Indian
dictates — pushing first an unwieldyand unworkable plains-only
province, then atwo-province formula.The presence of India’s heavy
hand contributedin numerous ways to the distortion ofconsensual
governance needed in transitionaltimes. Kathmandu’s civil society
waspreoccupied with managing the fallout, andmuch time has been
spent rallying around theflag rather than stabilising the new
republicandemocracy, trying to end ‘bhagbanda’ share-the-spoils
politics, and working to ensure that the
inclusion enshrined in the Constitution isobserved in practice.
(The scarcity of Madhesifaces in the recent appointment of
ambassadors,judges and government appointments is a casein
point.)For reasons best known to South Block, India‘noted’ rather
than welcomed the Constitution. Asociety trying to emerge from the
April 2015Great Earthquake was slapped with the punitiveGreat
Blockade. Even today, New Delhi seemsuneasy with the recognition of
Maithili, Bhojpuriand Avadhi in Nepal, and prefers the elevation
ofHindi as in India.While keeping silent for years on Nepal’s
post-conflict transitional justice process, in November2015 India’s
representative in Geneva cynicallyutilised the forum of the Human
Rights Councilto influence government change in Kathmandu.A year
ago, Indian interlocutors pushed theNepali Congress to renege on
its promise tocontinue in coalition with the mainstream
leftCommunist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), and
engineered what is theimplausible current embrace of the
Congresswith the Maoist party of Pushpa Kamal Dahal.At the tactical
level, New Delhi’s motives behindthe heavy-handedness of the recent
past mayhave to do with electoral calculations related tothe Bihar
and Uttar Pradesh polls. On theConstitution, the idea of a ‘buffer’
province isthought to have been floated either to preventthird
country militant infiltration or to controlnational-level politics
in Kathmandu. Some pointto an agenda to try to take Nepal back to
‘Hindustate’ constitutional status.For the long term, Indian
strategists may beseeking ways to get Kathmandu to allow
theconstruction of high dams and deep reservoirson Nepal’s rivers —
for flood control, navigation,urban use and irrigation in Bihar and
UttarPradesh. A particular federal demarcation mightmake Kathmandu
more amenable, goes this lineof thinking.In trying to push some or
all of these goals, NewDelhi made deep inroads into Nepal’s
politicalclass, but none did it use more than theMadhesbaadi
parties. Besides the fact that thishas done great injustice to the
plains-basedMadhesi citizens of Nepal, the Madhesbaadileadership is
presently incensed that after all its
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
goading New Delhi now seems to bebacktracking — a recent example
of this ‘useand throw’ policy is seen in how theMadhesbaadi leaders
were made to standagainst local government elections, followed by
avolte-face of the Indian Embassy urging them tojoin.As Mr. Deuba
deplanes, indeed there areindications of a scaling back of
Indianinvolvement. Hopefully this is a response to agrowing
realisation in New Delhi that a peaceful,stable Nepal that evolves
of its own volition isgood for India, and especially for the
centralGanga plains.From the Kathmandu perspective,
politicallymicromanaging Nepal could not have butbackfired. Take
the Great Blockade, whichforced the Kathmandu political leadership
toreach out to Beijing and sign a slew of trade,transit and
infrastructural agreements with it.Few know that Nepal is today
better connectedby air to Chinese cities than to India.Pending
mattersOnce Nepal and India get past the era ofinterventionism as
but a bad memory, the twocan concentrate on the numerous matters
thatneed concentration and resolution. An importantissue is the
open border itself, which is a uniquejoint heritage of the two
countries. While it isNepal’s Left that has traditionally
demandedrestrictions on the border, the call now risesfrom the
Indian security establishment.
Due to domestic political instability more thananything else,
over the years Kathmandu lost itsconfidence in dealing with the
Dilli Durbar. Withthe self-assurance that comes from Nepalmoving
towards normalcy under its newConstitution, and with India
seemingly changinggears on its Nepal policy, one hopes for
athreshold of maturity in relations between SouthAsia’s oldest
nation-state and its largestdemocracy.
Difficult Words
Bilateral – वप ीय - involving two sidesEvolve – वक सत होना-
develop gradually
Impediment – कावट - sth that delays theprogressImplausibility –
असंगत - not reasonableEscalate – बदतर होना - to make sth greater,
worse,more seriousUnwieldy – भार भरकम - difficult to controlbecause
of its sizeFallout – हार - bad results of a situationScarcity – कमी
- shortagePunitive – दंडा मक - intended as punishmentRenege – यागना
- to break a promiseAmenable –आ ाकार - easy to controlTo make deep
inroads – create a noticeable effectIncense – गु सा दलाना - to make
sb very angryVolition – इ छा शि त- free willInundation – बाढ़ -
floodSummary of the Article
1. India has created problems for Nepal in past.If it wants a
good neighbourhood. It muststop interfering to internal matters of
Nepal.
2. When their PM visits India tomorrow. It’stime to better the
relation. Hit the resetbutton.
3. India has played a role in bringing downMaoist govt in 2006,
but now they arecrossing their limits in
constitutionpreparation.
4. India may want to construct dams, reservoirson the Nepal
rivers that will be helpful.
5. Border issues must be sorted out if any. Weshould keep the
border as it is.
6. We must help Nepal more than it needChina. Trade should be
looked after.
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Noun: singular or pluralToday’s questions are based on
followingconcepts. Go through these and attemptthe 25 questions
provided.
1. Plural Noun – Singular verb
None of Either of Each of Neither of Everyone of One of The
number of
2. Plural Noun – Plural verb
Many of Some of Several of A number of
3. After these expressions, we’ll use plural noun
Several Some All Various Many Most Numerous
Note: - Make sure you check that after anarticle, singular
pronoun is used. A bacterium A criterion
Note: - There is a concept of uncountable noun.We use them after
Amount, much, little – uncountable noun Number, many, few –
countable noun
Note: maths digit + Plural noun Two boys Five houses Ten
cars
1. A number of boys are (a)/ reading this novel (b)/because this
is one of the most (c)/ importantnovel of India. (d) / NE
2. The book is (a)/ popular and the sale (b)/ isquite brisk in
(c)/ all major city. (d)/ NE
3. His company is (a)/ one of the few company (b)manufacturing
this product (c)/ in the wholecountry. (d)/ NE
4. On my way (a)/ to the railway station I met (b)/one of your
friend named Neeraj. (d)/ NE
5. Inspite of four letter (a)/ we have sent, (b)/ wehave
received (c)/ no answer from the authority.(d)/ NE
6. In spite of having received (a)/ all the necessarydata (b)/
he did not take any decision (c)/because of extraneous reasons.
(d)/ NE
7. Our housing society comprises (a)/ six block andthirty flats
(b)/ in an area of (c)/ about thousandsquare metres. (d)/ NE
8. One of my most (a)/ widely spread (b)/ bad habit(c)/ is the
use of tobacco. (d)/ NE
9. One of the sergeant (a)/ came (b)/ runningforward (c)/ the
captain with (d)/ a massage. Allcorrect (e)
10. I am totally opposed (a)/ to the statement (b)/ ofsome of
our manager. (d)/ NE
11. In his opinion (a)/ every senior citizens (b)/ willbenefit
(c)/ form the new rule. (d)/ NE
12.Despite the progress (a)/ we have achieved in(b)/ the field
of medicine, many (c)/ million ofpeople die of malaria. (d)/ NE
13.The success of the project (a)/ depends on how(b)/ much
efforts each (c)/ team member putsin. (d)/ No Error
14.One of the important lesson (a)/ he taught mewas to save (b)/
at least thirty percent (c)/ of mygross income. (d)/ NE
15.There are only (a)/ a few company (b)/ that canhandle (c)/
projects of this magnitude. (d)/ NE
16.None of the student (a)/ in the class (b)/ scoredbelow the
(c)/ given cut-off marks. (d)/ NE
17.He is (a)/ one of the tallest boy (b)/ in the class.(c)/
NE
18.Without a doubt, (a)/ Manoj is the most (b)/sincere of all
the (c)/ student in the class. (d)/NE
19.Their failure to inspect (a)/ our factories is a (b)/clear
indications that our (c)/ licence will not berenewed. (d)/ NE
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
20.The manager of that city branch (a)/ can nothandle it with
the help of (b)/ only two personnelas (c)/ business has increased
substantially.(d)/ NE
21.Reena came early on (a)/ Monday because shehad (b)/ to plan
out the team’s schedule (c)/ forthe whole weeks. (d)/
22.All this document (a)/ have been destroyed (b)/in the fire
(c)/ which occurred last month. (d)/NE
AnswersDouble Fillers: -
1. C 2. B 3. C
Parajumble:- cgbefad
Phrasal Verb - 1.-C 2.-B 3-A 4-B 5-C
Cloze Test – BBDADDCBAD
Vocab Building Exercise – 101.a 2.b 3.c 4.d 5.a
Common Error
1. One of the most important novels2. all major cities3. one of
the few companies4. one of your friends5. four letters6. No Error –
all the necessary data. Plural of
data is data7. B. Six blocks8. B. Bad habits – after one of
plural noun is
used9. A. One of the sergeants10.Some of our managers11.Every
senior citizen – Every + singular noun12.Many millions – Many +
plural noun13.How much effort – effort is uncountable
noun14.One of the important lessons15. a few companies – few +
plural noun16.None of the students17.One of the tallest boys18.all
the students – all + Plural Noun19.a clear indication – article +
singular noun
20. two personals - digit + plural noun21. for the whole week -
Here she is planning
for only one week.22.All the documents – all + Plural Noun
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Flood and FamineTO THE untrained eye, the satellite photos
ofnorth-west Ethiopia on July 10th may haveseemed benign. They
showed a relatively smallpool of water next to an enormous building
siteon the Blue Nile, the main tributary of the Nileriver. But the
project under construction is theGrand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam,
which ismore than halfway complete. And the water iswhy it is so
controversial. Since Ethiopiaannounced its plan to build the dam,
it hasinspired threats of sabotage from Egypt, whichsits
down-stream and relies on the Nile forelectricity, farming and
drinking water. Egyptclaims that it is entitled to a certain
proportionof the Nile’s water based on colonial era
treaties.Ethiopia dismisses those agreements. The poolof water in
the photos suggested that it wasbeginning to fill the reservoir
behind the dam,reducing the river’s flow. That turns out not tohave
been the case. The pool was deemed byEgypt to be a result of
construction andseasonal Nile flooding. But the alarms it raisedare
indicative of how sensitive negotiationsbetween Egypt, Ethiopia and
Sudan havebecome. Talks over such things as how fast tofill the
reservoir and how to operate the damhave stumbled. And a
potentially hugecomplication looms over any discussion of theNile’s
future: climate change. By 2050 around abillion people will live in
the countries throughwhich the Nile and its tributaries flow.
Thatalone will put enormous stress on the watersupply. But
according to a study by MohamedSiam and Elfatih Eltahir of MIT,
potentialchanges to the river’s flow, resulting fromclimate change,
may add to the strain. MessrsSiam and Eltahir conclude that on
currenttrends the annual flow could increase, onaverage, by up to
15%. That may seem like agood thing, but it could also grow more
variable,by 50%. In other words, there would be more(and worse)
floods and droughts. There is, ofcourse, uncertainty in the
projections, not leastbecause differing global climate models
givedifferent numbers. But the idea that the flow ofthe Nile is
likely to become more variable is lentcredibility, the authors
argue, by the fact thattrends over decades seem to agree with
them,and by consideration of the effects of El Niños.These colossal
climatic oscillations, driven bychanges in the temperature of the
Pacific, arecorrelated with the Nile’s flow, and climate-change
studies suggesting more extreme El
Niños in years to come thus bolster the idea of amore variable
Nile. More storage capacity will beneeded to smooth out the Nile’s
flow. But unlikeEgypt’s large Aswan Dam, which was built
withstorage in mind, the new Ethiopian one isdesigned for
electricity production. Once waterstarts gushing through its
turbines, it isexpected to produce over 6,000 megawatts ofpower. It
is unclear, though, if the structure hasthe necessary flexibility
to meet downstreamdemands in periods of prolonged drought. Thetalks
between the three countries seem to beglossing over the potential
effects of climatechange. The filling of the reservoir is
beingnegotiated in terms of years, but nature may notco-operate
with their timeline. The countrieswould be better off focusing on
how much wateris needed downstream, which will vary in wetand dry
years, say experts. Similarconsiderations will need be taken into
accountwhen running the dam. “Nowhere in the worldare two such
large dams on the same riveroperated without close coordination,”
saysanother study from MIT. But so far co-operationis in short
supply. The latest round of talks hasbeen postponed. Even the
methodology of impactstudies is cause for wrangling. Once the dam
isup and running, the Nile’s variability will becontrollable for
some 60 years, say Messrs Siamand Eltahir. That assumes the dam is
flexibleenough and that the countries work together.Even then,
storage would have to be increasedby about 45% to keep things
steady for the next60 years. So the countries have time to buildnew
dams; but that will need even greater co-operation.Benign – दयालु -
kindRenaissance – पनुजागरण - revivalSabotage – तोड़ फोड़ करना -
deliberate damageDeem – वचार करना - considerStumble – लड़खड़ानाLoom –
संकट मंडराना - to appear threateningStrain – तनाव -
pressureColossal – बड़ा - extremely largeOscillation – दोलन -
regular movement betweenone position and anotherBolster – सहारा
देना - to improve sthGushing – भावुक - expressing so muchenthusiasm
that it doesn’t seem sincereGloss over - छपाना – to avoid talking
about sthunpleasantVary – अंतर होना – differ
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Summary of the article
- Ethopia is building a dam on the river Nile.- Egypt has
complains about it.- Writer has referred to a study about the
variations of Nile.- There is another dam in Egypt.- Writer
thinks that both the countries should
co-operate with each other.- Many lives depend on it.- Dam has
the capacity to provide water
stability for 60 years.- Countries are undermining the effects
of
climate change.- They must talk with each other for better
results.
Cloze Test
OF THE world’s three great commercialcentres—New York, London
and Hong Kong—two are on the defensive. London faces
a______(1)_____(chapter) with the EuropeanUnion, which wants to
seize the City’s euro-related activities and shift them inside
thecurrency zone. In Hong Kong the fear is ofdeeper
_______(2)_____(thoughts) by main-landChina, followed by
irrelevance. Entrepots, afterall, can become obsolete. Venice
once______(3)_____(loaded) with merchants, nottourists. Yet while
London’s problem iscomplacency, Hong Kong’s pessimism
seemsoverdone. It remains vital both to China and tothe country’s
trading partners—the adaptor thatconverts the mainland’s financial
and legalvoltage into the one used by the rest of theworld. Today’s
gloom partly reflects a fear ofChinese _______(4)_____(intricacy).
DuringSchumpeter’s recent visit, Xi Jinping, China’spresident, in
town for the 20th anniversary ofthe resumption of mainland rule,
warned that,while the constitutional structure of “onecountry, two
systems” remains intact, HongKong must not cross any political “red
lines”.Business folk have three worries: that HongKong will be
_____(5)____(replaced) by Shanghai;that it can no longer claim to
be a pan-Asianhub; and that it is a laggard in technology.Hong Kong
has serious clout. It hosts theworld’s fourth-biggest stock
exchange andcurrency market. It is a hub for cross borderloans.
About half of China’s outward directinvestment flows through
it.
1. (a) capture (b) rupture (c) conjecture(d) structure (e) No
Change
2. (a) trepidation (b) arcane (c) rife(d) assimilation (e) No
Change
3. (a) teamed (b) tamed (c) teemed(d) talked (e) No Change
4. (a) democracy (b) autocracy (c) oligarchy(d) aristocracy (e)
No Change
5. (a) topple (b) usurped (c) left(d) used (e) No Change
Parajumble
A. It is also the benchmark for financialcontracts reckoned to
be worth $350trn.
B. But plenty of asset-management products,as well as corporate
loans and mortgages,are based on LIBOR
C. Derivatives depend on it most.D. For five currencies and
seven maturities,
from overnight to 12 months, it is theaverage, trimmed of
outliers, of up to 20banks’ estimates of the interest rate at
whichthey can borrow from other banks.
E. Every working day, shortly before noon,British time, the
London Interbank OfferedRate, or LIBOR, is published.
F. and similar rates, notably EURIBOR, aninterbank rate for
euros.
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Double Fillers -
1. Leela unknowingly ______ the thief byholding open the
elevator doors and_________ his escape.
a. Coerced, makingb. Proclaimed, doingc. Abetted, ensuringd.
Sanctioned, helpinge. Solicited, supporting
2. I had the ______ experience of sitting__________ to an
over-talkative passenger onmy flight home from Brussels.
a. Satisfactory, alongb. Commendable, withc. Galling, nextd.
Acceptable, bye. Acute, beside
3. Prince Ram Pratap had to choose: marrythe woman he loved and
______ his right tothe throne, or marry Lady Gaytri andinherit the
crown.
a. Reprimand, getb. Upbraid, findc. Abdicate, inheritd. Winnow,
receivee. Extol, praise
Grammar Concepts:
Noun: Case
1. You know it well that your success in lifedepends not on my
advice but on somebody else.No error.
2. The building’s roof needs repairing otherwise itmay fall down
and result into many persons’death. No error.
3. I visited John’s and Mary’s house twice butfound the couple
absent. No error.
4. A ton’s weight is too heavy for anyone to carryon his head.
No error.
5. He did not approve of his son raising stupidquestions and
thereby vexing the teacher. Noerror.
6. America’s problems are, however, not so seriousand awful as
India. No error.
7. Your tone of speaking as well as your friends isreally
extremely sarcastic yet we never take itseriously. No error.
8. The Finance minister boasts of improving theeconomic
condition of the country’s. No error.
9. The life of the rich is not in many ways aspeaceful as that
of the poor’s. No error.
10.The expert mason reported to the owner of thehotel that there
was no question of the wall’sfalling down. No error.
11.The officer said that he appreciated his staffscoming on time
and co-operating him. No error.
12.As we are told this idea of Mrs. Gandhi’s wastotally valid in
the present condition of India. Noerror.
13.The teacher said to us that one ought to workhard in order to
attain one goal. No error.
14.Being sure of his success he told his friends thathe would
never forget even his enemies names.No error.
15.The survey gives us much knowledge of thepublic opinion on
the matter of terrorism. Noerror.
16.Very few soldiers dared to turn a deaf ear totheir
commander’s –in –chief orders. No error.
17.Your son’s in law’s friend is seriously ill and hewants you
to see him as soon as possible. Noerror.
18. I have read many plays of Shaw’s who is calledthe
Shakespeare of our age. No error.
19.Unfortunately for me the root cause of myfrustration lies in
the governments dubiouspolicy. No error.
20.He suggested to me that I should go to thenursery to bring
some beautiful summer’sflowers. No error.
21.He came to his wits end when he found that hisyounger brother
had slapped his wife. No error.
22. It was India’s past glory that attached a numberof invaders
in the remote past. No error.
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
23.Everybody should be careful to fulfill thesociety’s demands
and thereby show hisattachment to it. No error.
24.Everybody’s business is nobody’s business’ saidthe teacher to
the students. No error.
25.He told her that he had ever seen her with hismind’s eye. No
error.
Expressions with Come
1. The idea came ______ her while she wasreading “Hamlet”.A) to
B) about C) before
2. The farmer himself came ______ theintruders.A) before B)
along C) after
3. I came ______ Sachin at that big hotel.A) about B) apart C)
across
4. The terrible scene of the crime continues tocome ______ to me
now and then.A) back B) between C) down
5. The properties will come ______ him on hisfather’s death.A)
after B) to C) on
6. Nobody wants to come ______ as a witness ofthe crime.A) over
B) forward C) at
7. The Canadian swimmer came ______ first.A) in B) round C)
off
8. I wonder why his experiment never came______.A) from B) upon
C) off
9. Look how beautiful it is! All the flowers arecoming ______.
It’s springtime.A) out B) off C) down
10.He came ______ with a good solution to theproblem.A) apart B)
out C) up
11.He was lucky to come ______ without anyscratches.A) through
B) under C) by
12.Be careful! It’s really fragile. I don’t want it tocome
______ in your hands.
A) away B) out C) apart
13.Will the stain come ______ if I wash it?A) out B) in C)
up
14.His aunt just died so he will come ______ alot of money.A)
out B) up C) into
15.The question didn’t come ______ so I washappy.A) up B) in C)
down
16.That book will come ______ very useful.A) up B) in C)
down
17.She said she would come ______ and visittoday.A) for B) over
C) through
Vocabulary Building Exercise – 11
1. dwelling (n)a. home b. place to livec. abode d. all of the
above
2. inhabit (v)a. to live outside ofb. to live in front ofc. to
live withoutd. to live in
3. opulent (adj)a. demonstrating great wealthb. demonstrating a
bad choicec. demonstrating no wealthd. demonstrating a good
choice
4. Spartan(adj)a. simple b. basicc. frugal d. all of the
above
5. renounce (v)a. to throw up b. to show upc. to drink up d. to
give up
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Answers:Cloze Test – BDCBB
Parajumble - Edacbf
Double Fillers – CCC
Grammar
1. somebody else’s2. the roof of the building3. remove ‘s from
John4. No Error5. Son’s raising6. India’s7. your friend’s8. Remove
‘s from country’s9. remove ‘s from poor’s10. the falling down of
the wall11. staff’s coming12. Remove ‘s from Mr Gandhi’s13. one’s
goal14. enemies’ names15. No Error – Public opinion is acceptable
andused without ‘s16. commander-in-chief’s17. remove ‘s from son18.
remove ‘s from shaw19. Government’s dubious policy20. No Error –
Summer’s flowers is exceptionand right21. wits’ end – idiomatic use
like at a stone’sthrow22. No Error 23. No Error 24. No Error 25.
NoError
Phrasal Verb Answers:
1-A 2-C 3-C 4-A 5-B 6-B 7-A 8-C 9-A 10-C 11-A12-C 13-A 14-C 15-A
16-B 17-B
Vocab Building Exercise 11
1.d 2.d 3.a 4.d 5.d
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
24th AugustCloze Test -
Which Indian state sounds more likely to repaya loan: Bihar, the
country’s poorest, with abudget ______(1)_____(excess) of nearly 6%
of itsstate GDP last year and a hole in its financesafter it
______(2)_____(increased) alcohol sales;or Gujarat, a relatively
prosperous coastal regionwith a deficit nearer to 2%? According to
bondmarkets at least, both are equally good credits,and so pay the
same interest rate. As welcomeas such mispricing might be to the
Bihariauthorities, it is _____(3)____(steering) troublefor the rest
of the Indian economy. Theborrowing _____(4)____(tactics) of
Bihar,Gujarat, and India’s 27 other states used to bebelow the
radar of all but the pointiest financialeggheads. The indebtedness
of India, and itsannual budget deficits—both high by
emerging-market standards—could largely be blamed onthe
______(5)______ of the central government inDelhi. But an explosion
in the net amountsborrowed by states over the past decade,
from154bn rupees in 2006 ($3.5bn then) to anestimated 3.9trn in the
fiscal year just ended($60.4bn now), means they now require
nearlyas much _____(6)____(sharing) as the centre. Theshift in
financial gravity from Delhi to the statesis fraught with problems.
For one, there is adata _____(7)____(center): state-budgetdocuments
are compiled, if at all, by centralauthorities after over a
year’s______(8)_____(advance).
1. (a) estimate (b) outlay (c) revenue(d) deficit (e) No
Change
2. (a) allowed (b) declined (c) banned(d) sold (e) No Change
3. (a) in (b) for (c) brewing(d) daring (e) No Change
4. (a) power (b) quota (c) habits(d) plan (e) No Change
5. (a) profligacy (b) intricacy (c) delicacy(d) intimacy (e) No
Change
6. (a) fighting (b) caring (c) funding(d) foreign currency (e)
No change
7. (a) redundancy (b) limited (c) vacuum(d) play (e) No
Change
8. (a) delay (b) profit (c) loss(d) gains (e) No Change
Parajumble
A. “But I want it to be modern GDP, GDP thatcomes without
pollution.”
B. On their smartphones, they share images ofthe heavy-eyed man
with an easy smile,quoting his words and cheering him on.
C. Rarely has a Chinese city boss had more fansthan Li Dakang,
the earnest, drivenCommunist Party chief of Jingzhou.
D. Over the past month tens of millions havetuned in to watch
him strive to fulfil thesepromises.
E. His policies have even been immortalised in amusical tribute,
“The GDP Song”.
F. “I want development, I want speed and Iwant GDP,” he recently
intoned.
Double Fillers:
1. If you will not do your work of your own ______, Ihave no
choice but to ________ you if it is notdone on time.
a) Predilection, helpb) Coercion, distractc) Excursion, punishd)
volition, penalizee) infusion, cause
2. After ___________ in the sink for several days, thedirty,
food-encrusted dishes became ______.
a) Sitting, malodorousb) Letting, prevalentc) Putting,
imposingd) Setting, perforatede) Keeping, emphatic
3. Gagan soon discovered the source of the ______smell in the
room: a week-old tuna sandwichthat one of the children had ________
in thecloset.
a) Quaint, forgottenb) Fastidious, lostc) Clandestine, keptd)
Laconic, lefte) Fetid, hidden
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
The gene is out of the bottleIf a genetic test could tell
whether you are atincreased risk of getting cancer or
Alzheimer’s,would you take it? As such tests become moreaccessible,
more and more people are saying“yes”. The insurance industry faces
a fewheadaches as a result.
Once used only for medical reasons,basic predictive genetic
tests can now be orderedonline for a few hundred dollars. One
company,23andMe, in California, has collected some4,000 litres of
sputum since 2007, enlightening2m people on their ancestry, health
risks andwhat they may pass on to offspring. In April itreceived
regulatory approval to screen for riskfactors connected to ten
diseases and geneticconditions, including late-onset Alzheimer’s
andParkinson’s. The ruling could open thefloodgates for others to
sell direct to consumers.
“Information is power”, argue many whotake such tests. But
insurers fear that withoutequal access to such information, they
will loseout to savvy customers. Consumer groups, onthe other hand,
fear that if underwriters didhave access to such information,
people with“bad” genes might find themselves unfairlyexcluded from
cover. Either way, the scientificadvances could well disrupt
insurancesignificantly.
Unlike diagnostic genetic tests, predictiveones are conducted on
people withoutsymptoms.
Tests might influence financial as well asmedical decisions. A
person at in-creased risk ofdying young may want to buy life
insurance.Someone likely to contract cancer may buycancer or
critical-illness cover, which pays alump sum upon diagnosis.
Because predictivetests—unlike diagnostic ones—often need not
bedisclosed, the customer can secure anadvantage over a future
insurer.
So underwriters warn that predictivegenetic testing could well
lead to adverseselection. The New York Times recently reportedon a
woman who bought long-term careinsurance after testing positive for
ApoE4, amutation of a gene related to increased risk ofAlzheimer’s.
The insurer had tested her memorythree times before issuing the
policy, but couldnot know about the genetic result. Robert Green,at
Harvard University, found that people toldthey have the mutation
were five times more
likely to buy long-term care insurance thanthose without such
information.
Asymmetry of information—when thecustomer knows more than the
insurer—is theindustry’s nightmare. If predictive tests
furtherimprove and become more common while non-disclosure rules
stay in place, some insuranceproducts might eventually die out.
Eitherinsurers would go belly-up, or premiums wouldbecome
prohibitively expensive. Hence, arguesome insurers, if the customer
knowssomething relevant about their health, so shouldthe
insurer.
But tests might also help insurers.Christoph Nabholz, from Swiss
Re, areinsurance giant, is most excited about teststhat spot early
signs of cancer or cardiovasculardisease. For life and health
insurers, who wantto keep people alive and well, such
informationcould be invaluable. Discovery, a South Africanhealth
insurer, plans to offer customers a testthat maps part of their
genome. The focus is on“actionable data”, where medical
intervention orlife-style change could mitigate risk,
explainsJonathan Broomberg from Discovery.
This might help people who are alreadyinsured. But it worries
those seeking newpolicies, who fear that underwriters may
usepredictive information to discriminate. Somemight lose access to
insurance. This raisesethical questions about when, if ever,
geneticdiscrimination is acceptable. Moreover, since therelative
role that genes play in the developmentof diseases is still being
studied, some peoplemight be unfairly and wrongly penalised.
Unpredictability rules
So regulations today often protect consumersfrom the mandatory
disclosure of predictivetests. But the rules are patchy. In Britain
theindustry has agreed to a blanket moratorium,renewable every
three years, on using predictivegenetic information. The sole
exception isHuntington’s chorea, where a test of one gene
isinfallible and has to be disclosed to an insurerfor life cover
worth more than £500,000($662,000). In America the Genetic
InformationNon-discrimination Act bans health insurers(and
employers) from using such results, but issilent on other types of
insurance. In severalcountries life insurers may already ask
fordisclosure of predictive genetic tests for policiesover a
certain value.
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
But testing is rarely cut-and-dried.Ronnie Klein from the Geneva
Association, aninsurance-industry think-tank, says that,
unlikeHuntington’s, most illnesses stem from anumber of factors,
including life-style andenvironment, and a combination of genes.
Forexample, although the ApoE4 allele increasesthe risk of
Alzheimer’s, many without it still getthe disease.
Some regulators, such as Germany’s,have outlawed
direct-to-consumer tests. Butnothing stops Germans from ordering
fromabroad, and, just as it became normal for lifeinsurers to ask
for family history, so insurerswill surely eventually have access
to relevantgenetic information. The question will be whatthey are
allowed to do with it. When blood testsfor AIDS first appeared,
insurers also frettedabout adverse selection. Many
jurisdictionsruled they could not be used for calculatinghealth
premiums, as these were a basic good,but could be used for life
policies. As genetictesting spreads, society and insurers may
facemany similar difficult assessments.
Difficult words
Screen (v) – to examine people for diseaseStem from sth(v) – to
be the result of sthFret (v) – to be worriedMitigate (v) – to
reduce
Summary Of the Article
- Now it’s possible to predict the health of aperson related to
some diseases.
- Insurance companies will be atdisadvantage if they are not
shared theinfo.
- Patient will be at disadvantage if theinsurance companies know
the future ofhis health.
- Regulators must protect the rights ofindividuals.
Daily Vocab – The Hindu Editorial – 24th Aug
Prolong – ल बा खींचना - to make sth last longerAnxiety – चतंा -
the state of feeling worriedPeremptory – आदेशपूण - to be obeyed
withoutquestionVolte face – प प रवतन - a complete change
ofopinion,Ordinance - अ यादेश - order
Take a dim view – अ वीकार करना - to disapproveof sth/sbManoeuvre
– चालबाजी करना - to control,manipulateEarmark - allocateStrike down
– to decide that sth is illegalFlip side – other sideFiasco –
disaster
Expressions with Down1. To be hit by a car or bus is the same as
to be
______ down.A) cooled B) marked C) knocked
2. To reduce the amount you do something isthe same as to
______down.A) cut B) tear C) fall
3. To fail to do something when someone isrelying on you is the
same as to ______ downsomeone.A) let B) quieten C) sit
4. To let something become less hot is the sameas to let it
______down.A) lie B) cool C) tone
5. If it is raining very heavily, it is the same asto ______
down rain.A) pour B) cut C) tear
6. To have a lot of stress is similar to being______ down by a
lot of problems.A) poured B) cut C) weighted
7. To pass things from father to son is the sameas to ______
down from generation togeneration.A) calm B) hand C) climb
8. To relax from stress is the same as to ______down.A) wind B)
lie C) let
9. To write a note is the same as to ______down something.A) jot
B) scale C) tie
10.To make something appear less serious thanit is the same as
to______ down something.A) slam B) set C) play
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Common Error – Noun
1. The professor tried (a)/ his best to clear all (b)/their
doubts on the subject (c)/ after hislecturing. (d)/ NE
2. There was a huge (a)/ crowded in front (b)/ ofthe actor’s
(c)/ house on his birthday. (d)/ NE
3. I like (a)/ the poetries (b)/ of Byron and Shelley.(c)/
NE
4. The manager put forward (a)/ a number ofcriterions (b)/ for
the post.(c)/ NE
5. The devastating experiences (a)/ of many warstaught some
countries (b)/ the necessary ofpursuing peace (c)/ at the expense
of nationalistegos. (d)/ NE
6. The infection which causes (a)/ gums to bleedand teeth to
fall out (b)/ results from the build-up of (c)/ a particular
bacteria that is commonto most mouths. (d)/ NE
7. In times of crisis, (a)/ the Bhagavad Gita giveslight (b)/
and guide to the mind tortured bydoubt (c)/ and torn by conflict of
duties. (d)/ NE
8. Deplete of the Ozone layer (a)/ and thegreenhouse effect (b)/
over two long-term effects(c)/ of air pollution. (d)/ NE
9. The Indian government (a)/ should make surethat (b)/ men and
women are (c)/ given equalopportunities. (d)/ NE
10.There are so many filths (a)/ all around (b)/ theplace. (c)/
NE
11.Children enjoy listening to (a)/ ghosts stories(b)/
especially on Halloween night. (c)/ NE
12. I (a)/ have (b)/ many works to do. (c)/ NE13.Mother and I
(a)/ generally go to the store (b)/
and pick up food items (c)/ for the charitable.(d)/ NE
14.Mritunjay prefers (a)/ extra (b)/ sugars in (c)/his tea. (d)/
NE
15.All the child playing (a)/ at the beach ran (b)/towards Sam
when (c)/ they heard him shout.(d)/ NE
Answers:
Cloze Test – 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. C 8.AParajumble –
cfadbeDouble fillers – daePhrasal Verbs - 1-C 2-A 3-A 4-B 5-A 6-C
7-B 8-A9-A 10-C
Answers – Common Error1. (d)- After his lecture2. (b) crowd3.
(b) poetry4. (b) a number of criterion5. C. The necessity (noun
will be used –
necessary = adjective)6. D. A particular bacterium7. C. And
guidance – (guide is verb, guide is
noun also but only when we say tour guide)8. A. Depletion9. No
Error10.A. So much filth – (uncountable noun)11.B. Ghost stories (
in compound noun only
the second part is changed into plural)12.C. Much work to do –
(work is uncountable
noun – we’ll use much before it13.D. Charity (noun is needed
here. Charitable
is adjective14.C. Sugar (sugar is uncountable noun)15.A. All the
children (all + Plural Noun)
Correction –On 22nd – Wrong answer for a question wasgiven.
Question is –
The manager of that city branch (a)/ can nothandle it with the
help of (b)/ only two personnelas (c)/ business has increased
substantially.(d)/ NE
Answer – No Error
Personnel is a plural noun. No need to change it.
Our apologies.
Thank You
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
25th August
Double Fillers
1. After making ______ remarks to thePresident, the reporter was
not ________ toreturn to the White House pressroom.
a) Hospitable, allowedb) itinerant, availablec) enterprising,
let itd) chivalrous, acceptede) irreverent, invited
2. With her ______ eyesight, Radha spotted atrio of deer on the
hillside and she___________ the speed of her car.
a) Inferior, increasedb) keen, reducedc) impressionable, brought
downd) ductile, kept upe) conspiratorial, increased
3. With a(n) ______ grin, the boy quickly slippedthe candy into
his pocket without hismother’s ________.
a) Jaundiced, careb) Nefarious, knowledgec) Stereotypical,
attentiond) Sentimental, interventione) Impartial, care
Parajumble39
1. There was a hole in it.2. It was last summer.3. Grandfather
repaired the roof the same day.4. I lived in the country with my
grandparents.5. One day grandfather saw that the roof of the
house was not good.401. He behaved so badly that soon everybody
in
London knew him.2. In 1830 there lived a man whose name was
Hooligan.3. Do you know that Hooligan was an English
name?4. When somebody behaves badly people call
him hooligan.5. Thus when somebody behaves badly people
say he is a hooligan.
Cloze Test
Nick Gillard earns a living working as astuntman on films and TV
shows but his first__(1)__ of show business was trick-riding
circushorses when he was just 12 years old. Fouryears later he got
the chance to __(2)__ in hisfirst film. ‘I really enjoyed working
on the film,’Nick remembers, ‘so I started asking how I’d__(3)__
becoming a stuntman.’ Nick couldn’t just__(4)__ as a stuntman
straight away. First hehad to get __(5)__ by the British Stunt
Register,which represents stunt professionals in Britain.To do this
he had to reach instructor __(6)__ insix sports including skiing,
riding andgymnastics. Since qualifying __(7)__ the age of19, Nick
has worked on many movies and hehas doubled for some of the biggest
stars inHollywood. Safety and timing are all-importantfor stunt
professionals – they plan everythingdown to the __(8)__ detail. ‘We
take the utmost__(9)__. It’s not like being an actor where youcan
__(10)__ the shot again if it goes wrong. It’sgot to work first
time.’ Nick has __(11)__ someterrifyingly dangerous stunts. For one
film hejumped across a bridge in a speed boat, and inAlien 3 he was
__(12)__ on fire, without air, formore than two minutes. Filming on
location__(13)__ him all __(14)__ the world, often formonths
__(15)__ a time.1. A) lesson B) experiment C) attempt D) taste2. A)
play B) practice C) perform D) show3. A) go on B) go about C) go by
D) go for4. A) put up B) establish C) set up D) introduce5. A)
applied B) allowed C) agreed D) accepted6. A) line B) level C)
measure D) mark7. A) in B) on C) at D) by8. A) tiniest B) lowest C)
least D) lightest9. A) caution B) care C) attention D) guard10. A)
have B) make C) give D) take11. A) made B) done C) led D) given12.
A) put B) caught C) set D) lit13. A) takes B) brings C) flies D)
fetches14. A) about B) through C) across D) over15. A) at B) on C)
for D) in
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Don’t fear the trade deficit
Irrational fears over trade with China or anyother country must
be put to rest
Amidst rising political tensions between Indiaand China, trade
relations between the twocountries have come under some
pressurerecently. India’s trade deficit with China, whichstands at
over $50 billion, has been projected bymany on the Indian side as
an economic evilthat needs to be curbed by all means. To thisend,
they have demanded heavy tariffs and banson Chinese imports. The
trade deficit withChina, in effect, is seen as a loss to India and
again to the Chinese economy. So, naturally,steps to curb it are
seen as justified.
Union Commerce and Industry Minister NirmalaSitharaman, for
instance, held talks with herChinese counterpart earlier this
monthdemanding greater access for Indian goods tothe Chinese
market. While the idea ofunrestricted cross-border trade sounds
great,the focus of her talks was on trimming the tradedeficit
rather than promoting free trade. Suchfear of the trade deficit,
however, makes verylittle economic sense. This is because,
contraryto popular belief, the prevalence of a tradedeficit, or a
trade surplus for that matter, saysnothing about whether a country
benefits orloses out from trade. In fact, since free tradebetween
countries happens on a voluntary basis,where individuals try to
improve their lives, it isalways beneficial to all sides. This is
also thefundamental logic behind the overwhelmingsupport for free
trade among economists.
To make things simple, the balance of tradereflects how an
economy earns its foreignexchange, and how it decides to spend
itsubsequently. Take the case of India’s tradedeficit with China.
India earns Chinese yuansprimarily from Chinese investors who seek
toinvest in assets in the country. At the sametime, India uses
these yuans that it receivesfrom Chinese investors mostly to
purchaseChinese goods, rather than to invest them inChinese assets.
This preference among Indiansfor Chinese goods rather than assets,
combinedwith Chinese preference for Indian assets rather
than goods, is what causes India to suffer atrade deficit. If
Indians had a greater preferencefor Chinese assets, and the Chinese
had agreater preference for Indian goods, the situationwould
reverse and India would enjoy a tradesurplus instead. The trade
deficit is thus amirror image of a capital surplus, which isformed
by the relatively larger inflow of Chinesecapital into India than
vice versa.
As one can see, quite obviously, there is verylittle that is
wrong with this state of affairs. Aman who sells his assets to his
fellowcountrymen to purchase goods from them, forinstance, would
suffer a trade deficit and acapital surplus with the rest of the
country. Veryfew would argue that the man suffers a loss fromthe
trade, while the rest of country gains from it.The same logic holds
true when it comes to tradebetween countries as well. It is high
timeirrational fears over trade with China, or anyother country,
are put to rest once and for all.
Difficult Words
Irrational – not using clear thoughtDeficit – the amount by
which money spent orowed is greater than money earned in
aparticular timeEvil – bad and cruelCurbed- to control or limit
sth, checkTariff – fixed prices by a companyBan – prohibit, to say
officially that sth is notallowedCounterpart – opposite numberTrim
– to make sth smallerContrary – against sthPrevalence -
widespreadSurplus – excess, glut, redundantOverwhelming – very
great or very strongSubsequently – laterAsset – a thing or value
especially propertyPreference – a great interestSuffer – badly
affected
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Expressions with Get1. The manager failed to get his ideas
______ to
the employees.A) across B) down C) in
2. I don’t think they can easily get ______ fromprison.A) away
B) into C) down
3. She is very well-paid, so she can get ______without any help
from him.A) about B) over C) by
4. Ok. It’s time to get ______ to business.A) in B) down C)
away
5. I hope you don’t get ______ trouble again.A) into B) on C)
in
6. The teacher was lucky to get the truth ______of him.A) up B)
out C) away
7. Stop getting ______ my nerves!A) on B) at C) down
8. I doubt she’ll ever get ______ her trauma.A) out B) over C)
in
9. I can’t get ______ all this work. I need somehelp.A) about B)
away C) through
10.What time do you usually get ______?A) on B) up C) about
11.The rumors of his dismissal will soon get______.A) along B)
away C) about
12. If you’re in trouble, get ______ to a lawyer.A) by B) on C)
in
Phrasal Verbs - 1-A 2-A 3-C 4-B 5-A 6-B 7-A 8-B9-C 10-B 11-C
12-B
Phrasal Verbs with Get
Get across – to be communicated or understoodGet ahead – to make
progress
Get along – to leave a placeGet away – to succeed in leaving a
placeGet away with sth
- to steal sth and escape- To receive a light punishement- To do
sth wrong and not get punished- To manage with less
Get by – to manage to liveGet down to sth – to begin to do
sthGet into sth – to be admitted to a school, collegeGet in with sb
– to become friendly with sbGet into sth
- To start a career- To start sth- To develop a particular
habit- To become interested- To become familiar with sth, to
learn
Get on- To be successful in your career- To survive
Get over sth- Overcome
Get around sb – to persuadeGet around sth – to succeedGet
through sth – to complete sthGet up – rise
Common Error
1. All our Zonal office (a)/ have receivedinstructions (b)/ to
process loan applications(c)/ within thirty days. (d)/ NE
2. The power supplying in (a)/ many states hasbeen (b)/ badly
affected because (c)/ of theshortage of coal. (d)/ NE
3. All this financial institution (a)/ should beregistered with
(b)/ Reserve Bank of India tomake sure (c)/ that they function
properly. (d)/NE
4. Boldness has (a)/ genius, power and (b)/ magicin it along
(c)/ with infinite possibility. (d)/ NE
5. On the surfacing (a)/ she presented herself (b)/as someone in
supreme (c)/ control of her life.(d)/ NE
6. The government initiated (a)/ various measure(b)/ to raise
(c)/ the living standards. (d)/ NE
7. The astronomer (a)/ who predicts the future (b)/has arrived.
(c)/ NE
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
8. Each business activities (a)/ providesemployment (b)/ to
people who would (c)/otherwise be unemployed. (d)/ NE
9. Being able to (a)/ remember a lot of informationsis (b)/ not
the same as (c)/ being able to think.(d)/ NE
10. It is believed (a)/ that smoking is (b)/ one of thecause of
cancer. (c)/ NE
11.Two millions people (a)/ attended the meeting(b)/ held in
parade grounds. (c)/ NE
12.They left (a)/ their luggages (b)/ at the railwaystation.
(c)/ NE
13.Hari lost (a)/ a hundred rupees not (b)/yesterday. (c)/
NE
14.Speakers after speakers (a)/ came on the stage(b)/ to
perform. (c)/ NE
15.My friends are (a)/ not allowed to, (b)/ go outwithout (c)/
their parents’ consenting. (d)/ NE
16.The government has signed (a)/ a memorandumof understanding
with (b)/ the company to setup (c)/ a plant in the state. (d)/
NE
17.With inflation at 11 percent (a)/ companies needto come up
(b) with innovative ways to (c)/ getcustomers to buy its good. (d)/
NE
18.My father gave me (a)/ a pair of binocular on mybirthday (b)/
NE
19.My friend Bharat (a)/ is one of the best tennisplayer (b)/ in
the country. (c)/ NE
20.The cattles (a)/ are grazing (b)/ the fields. (c)/NE
Double Fillers – EBBParajumble – 39 – 24513
40 – 43215Cloze Test – 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C 8.A 9.
B 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A
Common Error1. A. All our zonal offices2. A. The power supply3.
A. All these financial institutions4. D. infinite possibilities5.
A. On the surface6. B. Various measures7. A. The astrologer8. A.
Each business activity9. B. a lot of information10. C. one of the
causes11. A. Two million people12. B their luggage13. B a hundred
rupee note14. A. Speaker after Speaker15. D. Parents’ consent16. NO
Error17. D. its goods18. B. a pair of binoculars19. B. one of the
best tennis players20. A. The cattle
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
26th AugustCloze Test with adverbs
She put the key in the keyhole as quietly as shecould but she
found it __(1)__ as the door wasold and rusty. As she __(2)__
opened the door, itsqueaked __(3)__ on its old hinges. ‘I wish
they’doil the thing a bit more _(4)__,’ she muttered toherself
__(5)__. She closed the door __(6)__behind her and then tiptoed
__(7)__ across theroom. Unfortunately, this time it was
thefloorboards that betrayed her as they creaked__(8)__ with every
step she took. It had been so__(9)__ since the old house had been
built - ithad __(10)__ been about two hundred yearsbefore and for
all Helen knew they had __(11)__replaced the original floorboards.
Helen’s heartbegan to beat __(12)__. It was one o’clock.Helen’s
parents must have gone to bed __(13)__.This was most unusual.
Rarely __(14)__ to bedbefore she got home. No sooner had she put
herfoot on the first stair __(15)__ she heard amuffled voice call
out, ‘Who’s there? Is that you,Helen?1. A) hardly B) easy C) hard
D) easily2. A) slowly B) loudly C) careful D) noisy3. A) lightly B)
noisily C) softly D) gently4. A) frequent B) oftener C) sooner D)
frequently5. A) with angry B) angry C) angrily D) fromanger6. A)
shyly B) efficiently C) carefully D) fast7. A) softly B) gentle C)
finely D) shortly8. A) aloud B) loud C) loudly D) allowed9. A)
along B) long time C) long D) a long time10. A) probably B)
certainly C) definitely D) maynot11. A) rarely B) scarcely C) never
D) occasionally12. A) fastly B) more faster C) more fast D)
faster13. A) early B) more earlier C) the earliest D)more early14.
A) they went B) they did goC) they have gone D) did they go15. A)
then B) than C) that D) there
Double Fillers
1. Her ______ display of tears at work did notimpress her new
boss, who felt she shouldtry to __________ her emotions.
a. Maudlin, controlb. Meritorious, showc. Precarious, expressd.
Plausible, statee. Schematic, feel
2. Anil argued, “If you know about a crime butdon’t report it,
you are ______ in that crimebecause you allowed it to
___________.”
a. Acquitted, takeb. Steadfast, occurc. Tenuous, take placed.
Complicit, happene. nullified, come
3. The authorities, fearing a ______ of theirpower, called for a
military state in the hopesof ___________ order.
a. Subversion, restoringb. premonition , creatingc. predilection
, makingd. infusion , findinge. inversion, mixing
Parajumble
A. many faced difficulties in the two days priorto the extended
deadline of 25 August to paytaxes and file returns for the month of
July.
B. Tax practitioners have urged the governmentto grant more time
for filing tax returns andinvoices for the month of July,
C. Those seeking credit for taxes paid prior to 1July under the
earlier tax regime have timetill 28 August to file GST returns.
D. While many firms managed to file returnswithout any
glitch,
E. the first month since the roll-out of the goodsand services
tax (GST), as businesses andtraders strive to adjust to the new
indirecttax system.
F. By 2 pm on Friday, 2.93 million assesseeshad filed returns on
the portal of GSTN, thecompany that processes GST returns, aperson
familiar with the development said oncondition of anonymity.
G. However, they have to remit their taxes by 25August, taking
into account their eligible taxcredits.
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Lessons not learnt: Onswine fluThe high H1N1 flu toll points to
a failure toput necessary systems and precautions inplace
The number of influenza A (H1N1) virus casesand deaths reported
from across India this yearhas already crossed 19,000 and
900,respectively. These are lower than the 2015 tollof 32,000 cases
and 2,000 deaths, but therevived spread is alarming. In the last
month orso there has been a sharp increase in thenumber of cases
and deaths — over 6,000 and300. Gujarat is the worst-affected, with
about250 deaths recorded so far: Rajasthan, Punjaband Maharashtra
and Delhi too have been badlyhit. The number of H1N1 cases in the
southernStates is also high compared with last year, withTamil Nadu
reporting nearly 3,000 cases about amonth ago. According to the
Pune-basedNational Institute of Virology, the virus has
notundergone any significant mutation and thevirulence has remained
nearly unchanged. It hashowever undergone point mutations
whichresulted in a new strain — the Michigan strain— replacing the
California strain that has beenprevalent since the 2009 pandemic.
While bothstrains were co-circulating last year, as persurveillance
data only the Michigan strain hasbeen circulating this year. The
increasedcaseload and mortality this year compared withlast year
could be because pre-existingimmunity through exposure to the
Californiastrain is no longer effective, and people aretherefore
not immune to the new strain. Moreresearch is needed to fully
understand theepidemiology of H1N1 caused by the Michiganstrain,
and who may be more vulnerable.
Despite the high numbers, there is no system inplace to release
data periodically and frequently.Compare this with the regular
updates providedby the U.S. Centers for Disease Control
andPrevention, especially during an epidemic. Therehas also been a
near-complete failure on thepart of governments to spread awareness
aboutprevention strategies. Uptake of influenzavaccination by
people, especially by thosebelonging to the high-risk category, has
beenextremely poor, with only about 10,000-12,000doses of H1N1
vaccine sold in the last sixmonths by the Pune-based
vaccinemanufacturer. Since the 2009 pandemic, H1N1
has become a seasonal flu virus strain in Indiaeven when the
temperature soars during thesummer months. Vaccination of
health-careworkers and people in high-risk categories is theonly
way to reduce the toll. That guidelines forH1N1 vaccination of
people belonging to high-risk categories such as pregnant women,
veryyoung and old people and those with certainunderlying illnesses
were released only lastmonth by the Health Ministry is evidence
thatIndia has not learnt any lessons from the 2015H1N1 epidemic.
Urgent measures are needed toramp up preparedness in dealing
withepidemics.
Difficult Words:
Precaution - सावधानी - protectionRevive – पुनज वत करना - to
become strong againAlarming – चतंा - causing worry and fearMutation
– बदलाव - change in cellsVirulence – जानलेवा - extremely
harmfulPrevalent - या त - commonPandemic – वैि वक - a disease that
spreads over awhole country/world
Summary of the Article
The spread of H1N1 virus is alarming Virus has remain unchanged
A effective system isn’t in place The uptake of vaccination is also
low Urgent action is needed
Immunity – तर ा - body’s ability to avoiddiseaseVulnerable –
कमजोर/ असुर त - weak and easilyhurtUptake – the process by which
sth is taken intoa body or systemEpidemic – थानीय - local, a large
number ofcases in a particular communityRamp up – बढ़ाना - to make
sth increase inamount
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Common Error1. When I was passing through the forest (a)/ I
happened to see (b)/ a number of deers. (c)/ NE2. The
introduction of job-oriented courses (a)/ in
the self-financing colleges (b)/ attract manystudents. (c)/
NE
3. Patience as well as perseverance (a)/ arenecessary (b)/ for
success. (c)/ NE
4. In Singapore (a)/ my brother-in-law with his wife(b)/ were
present at the function. (c)/ NE
5. He is one of those writers (a)/ who has wonacclaim (b)/ the
world over. (c)/ NE
6. The items I liked most (a)/ were the rosewoodcarvings (b)/
and the teak-wood furnitures ofDutch design. (c)/ NE
7. One of my desires (a)/ are to become (b)/ adoctor. (c)/
NE
8. The strain of all (a)/ the difficulties andvexations and
anxieties (b)/ are more than hecould bear. (c)/ NE
9. The introduction of tea and coffee (a)/ and suchother
beverages (b)/ have not been without someeffect. (c)/ NE
10.Nine tenths (a)/ of the pillar (b) have rottedaway. (c)/
NE
Expressions With give
1. The little boy was forced to give ______ to hisbrother’s
wishes.A) in B) for C) down
2. I give ______. This problem is too difficult tosolve.A) down
B) away C) up
3. He gave ______ all his fortune to charities.A) down B) away
C) up
4. Don’t forget to give my books ______. I needto study for my
exams.A) out B) back C) up
5. After a week camping, all our food suppliesgave ______.A)
down B) out C) in
6. Remember to give all your papers ______ byMonday morning so
that I can grade them.A) in B) up C) out
7. This must be a special type of writing paper,for it gives
______ a very pleasant smell.A) on B) off C) up
8. His time after school was given ______ tosports.A) in B) over
C) down
Give sth away – to give sth a gift4. To allow sb to have an
advantage5. Betray
Give in – to admit that you have been defeated6. To agree to do
sth that you don’t
want to doGive on to – to have a view of sthGive up – to stop
trying to do sthGive out – to come to an endGive off sth – to
produce sth such as a smell
Answers:Cloze Test - 1-C 2-A 3-B 4-D 5-C 6-C 7-A 8-C9-C 10-A
11-C 12-D 13-A 14-D 15-BDouble Fillers – ADAParajumble -
bedacdg
Common Error
1. C. A number of deer2. C. Attracts ( the subject is
introduction here.Introduction = singular so we will use ‘s/es’
withthe verb.3. B. is necessary. Patience = singular noun.4. C. was
present. My brother-in-law is subject.In case, when a subject is
connected with ‘aswell as’, ‘with’, the verb will be according to
thenoun before these words.5. B. who have won.6. C. teak-wood
furniture7. B. is to become8. C. is more than9. C. has not been10.
C. has rotted
Phrasal Verbs –1-A 2-C 3-B 4-B 5-B 6-A7-B 8-B
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
Sanctum Study Notes28th August
Cloze TestTime is running out for Donald Trump to
make______(1)_____(by) his mind about the Irannuclear deal of 2015.
Before May 17th PresidentTrump must decide whether to continue
BarackObama’s ________(2)_____(expression) ofnuclear-related
sanctions—Iran’s reward forconstraining its nuclear programme. If
MrTrump does not issue a______(3)____(programme), sanctions will
snapback. The other signatories to the deal will seeAmerica as the
aggressor. Unless Iran goes on to______(4)____(follow) the deal
flagrantly, they willnot follow suit. The chances are that Iran
wouldthen slowly crank its programme up again. Thatwould be a
terrible ______(5)____(plan). The JointComprehensive Plan of Action
(JCPOA), as thedeal is known, has got Iran to mothball most ofits
uranium-enrichment centrifuges andredesign its nuclear reactor at
Arak to producemuch less plutonium. Before the JCPOA, Iranwas just
a few months away from being able tomake an atom bomb; that has
been pushedback to a few years. Mr Trump’s words suggestthat he
thinks the agreement is already dead.What Mr Obama saw as his
greatest foreign-policy achievement, his successor has branded“one
of the worst deals I’ve ever seen”.
1. (a) for (b) up (c) to(d) against (e) No Change
2. (a) action (b) prevention (c) suggestion(d) suspension (e) No
Change
3. (a) letter (b) order (c) waiver(d) relax (e) No Change
4. (a) violate (b) vitiate (c) initiate(d) vituperate (e) No
change
5. (a) outcome (b) match (c) play(d) sense (e) No Change
6. (a) working (b) dead (c) slow(d) died (e) No Change
Parajumble
A. The process is starkly visible in theshrinkage of the ice
that covers the Arcticocean.
B. On current trends, the Arctic ocean will belargely ice-free
in summer by 2040.
C. In the past 30 years, the minimum coverageof summer ice has
fallen by half; its volumehas fallen by three-quarters.
D. There is no need to pore over records oftemperatures and
atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations.
E. Those who doubt the power of human beingsto change Earth’s
climate should look to theArctic, and shiver.
Double Fillers
1. It is difficult to believe that _________ 20% on
anoutstanding credit card balance isn’t ______!
a. Take, bankruptcyb. Charging, usuryc. Taking, noviced. Fining,
kleptomaniae. Interest, flagrancy
2. The ______ weather patterns of the tropicalisland meant
tourists had to __________ bothumbrellas and sunglasses.
a. Impertinent, buyb. supplicant , findc. preeminent, packd.
illustrative, looke. kaleidoscopic, carry
3. Wedding ceremonies often include the exchangeof ______ rings
to _______ the couple’s promisesto each other.
a. Hirsute, idolizeb. Acrimonious, ensurec. Plaintive, proved.
Deciduous, takee. Votive, symbolize
www.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
www.sanctumenglish.inwww.facebook.com/sanctumenglish
-
www.sanctumenglish.in
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
That old spark: Nepal PrimeMinister’s visit brings bilateral
hope
At a time when the Doklam stand-off hadfocussed attention on
Himalayangeopolitics, it was impossible to miss thesignificance of
the visit of Nepal’s PrimeMinister Sher Bahadur Deuba to India.
Thiswas his first foreign visit as Prime Minister,and it confirmed
Kathmandu’s abidinginterest in strong ties with India. Therecovery
of bilateral warmth has taken somedoing on both sides. Mr. Deuba is
Nepal’s10th Prime Minister in a decade, and itsfourth since its
Constitution waspromulgated in 2015. India had mountedstrong
opposition to the Constitution withdemands that it be made more
inclusive,especially vis-à-vis the Madhesis in theTerai area,
sending ties with