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saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro
saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabi
J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebis
departamenti
ssip iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti
lela saraliZe
samxedro skola (iunkrebi) pirveli demokratiuli
respublikis dros
meomris biblioTeka #6
Tbilisi
2008
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Tqvens winaSea axali seriis ,,meomris biblioTekis~ meeqvse wigni; seria iTvaliswinebs
wignebis mTel wyebas, romlebSic popularulad iqneba gadmocemuli saqarTvelosa da
msoflio istoriis yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani movlenebi. seriis mizania qarTveli meomris da imedia, ara marto misi, patriotuli aRzrda da
codnis miwodeba misaReb formebSi. seriaSi gaTvaliswinebulia popularuli, magram maRal
profesionalur doneze dawerili saxelmZRvaneloebi; es patara, magram tevadi da kargad
gaformebuli broSurebi mieZRvneba qarTvelTa udides mefe daviTs, Tamars, giorgi
brwyinvales, bagrat III-s, saqarTveloSi warmoebul mTavar da gadamwyvet brZolebs,
XIX_XX ss-is gamoCenil qarTvel oficrebs, saqarTvelosa da msoflio samxedro
istoriis calkeul sakiTxebsa da a.S.
seriis gamocemis iniciatorebi arian iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis
instituti da saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro.
didi survili da imedi gvaqvs, rom meomarTa da oficerTa garda, saqarTvelos yoveli
moqalaqe siamovnebiT miiRebs am seriis yovel axal wigns.
seriis garekanze moTavsebuli warwera da didi daviTi yvelas Seaxsenebs, rom
brZola saqarTvelosTvis dResac grZeldeba.
vaJa kiknaZe
seriis saredaqcio kolegia: istoriis mecnierebaTa
doqtori, profesori vaJa kiknaZe
istoriis mecnierebaTa
doqtori, profesori Tamaz beraZe
mecnierebaTa doqtori,
vice polkovniki Temur dalaqiSvili
recenzenti: istoriis mecnierebaTa
doqtori, profesori dodo WumburiZe
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Lnino gigani
ydis dizaini: giorgi kiknaZe
redaqtori: nargiz xarabaZe
teqnikuri redaqtori: mari WoniSvili
damtkicebuli da samoqmedod SemoRebulia saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
gaerTianebuli Stabis J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo
departamentis ufrosis _ polkovnik nodar qviliTaias mier
saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabis
topografiuli sammarTvelos stamba. 2008 w.
q. Tbilisi, general kvinitaZis q. #20
tel.: +995 32 91-19-83
faqsi: +995 32 91-19-83
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1918 wlis 26 maiss, gamocxadda saqarTvelos damoukidebloba.
monarqiuli wyobileba Seicvala respublikuriT, riTac qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis ocdaaTsaukunovan istoriaSi axali xana daiwyo. 1918-
1921 wlebis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis istoriis obieqturi
gaSuqeba didi xnis manZilze ikrZaleboda komunisturi reJimis mier. Cveni
qveynis istoriis es samwliani monakveTi mravalmxriv aris saintereso.
demokratiuli respublikis saxelmwifo struqturebi, jer kidev
Camoyalibebis procesSi imyofebodnen, rodesac ruseTis jarebis mier
saqarTvelos aneqsia ganxorcielda. damfuZnebeli krebis∗ safinanso-sabiujeto komisia gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas miapyrobda qveynis Tavdacvis gaZlierebas. demokratiuli
respublikis saxelmwifo biujeti 1919 wels Seadgenda 1 950 380 000
maneTs; aqedan samxedro saministros, yvela uwyebaze meti, 539 milioni
maneTi gamoeyo. imave wels Seiqmna samxedro skola. samxedro saministros
gankargulebaSi iyo: 3 qveiTi brigade _ TiTo saartilerio divizioniT, 6
sanapiro razmi, Tbilisis sadarajo aTaseuli, saarmio-saartilerio
divizioni, mesangreTa aTaseuli, cxenosani razmi, avtomobilTa gundi,
saaviacio gundi da radiotelegrafis gundi. samxedro samsaxurSi,
miaxloebiTi monacemebiT, imyofeboda: 1161 oficeri da samxedro moxele, 13.
167 jariskaci, 587 nebayoflobiT momsaxure jariskaci. aqedan mwyobrSi iyo:
870 oficeri da samxedro moxele, 13. 425 samxedro valdebulebiT gawveuli
jariskaci, 486 nebayoflobiT momsaxure jariskaci; samxedro saministrosa da
mis dawesebulebebSi 301 oficeri da samxedro piri, 742 savaldebulo vadiT,
xolo 101 nebayoflobiT momsaxure jariskaci. general mazniaSvilis cnobiT,
qarTuli jaris saerTo ricxvi aRwevda 20.000-ss; am ricxvSi zemoT
CamoTvlili nawilebis garda, mas Sehyavda kidev 1 cxenosani legioni, erTi
saavtomobilo aseuli da 4 javSniani matarebeli. rac Seexeba jaris
mobilizacias da mobilizaciur aparats, samxedro kanonis Tanaxmad, jari,
omis dros unda gasamebuliyo, ase magaliTad: 12 aTaseuli gadaiqceoda 36
aTaseulad, rac gvardiis 23 aTaseulTan erTad, 50-55 aTas jariskacs
Seadgenda. aRniSnuli kanonis erT-erTi muxlis Tanaxmad: `Tu samSoblo
gansacdelSia, kanonmdebel organos SeuZlia gaiwvios jarSi respublikis
yvela moqalaqe 17-dan 55 wlamde~. rogorc saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis Sinagan saqmeTa ministri noe ramiSvili acxadebda: `ra
momentSiac moiTxovs saWiroeba, me mzada myavs 60.000 kacio~. samwuxarod,
1921 wels bolSevikebTan omis dros, samobilizacio aparati aseTi
mobilizaciisaTvis momzadebuli ver aRmoCnda. 1919 wels samxedro
samsaxurSi gawveuli iqna 19. 000 axalgazrda, 1920-Si_21.000. sayovelTaod
miRebulia, rom mobilizaciis SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifos SeuZlia samxedro
samsaxurSi gaiwvios qveynis mcxovrebTa 10-12%. aRniSnuli wesiT, im
droisaTvis qveynis or milion mcxovrebze SesaZlo iyo samobilizacio
aparati mowyobiliyo ara 55.000 kacisaTvis, aramed 200.000 kacisaTvis.
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arsebobs jaris organizaciis ori forma: 1) jaris mowyoba miliciis saxiT
da 2) regularuli jari. miliciuri sistemis dros ar arsebobs mudmivi
jari, moqalaqeni samxedro momzadebas samxedro kursebze da ganmeorebiT
kursebze gadian. momzadebuli da disciplinirebuli jaris Senaxva
saxelmwifos gacilebiT didi Tanxebi ujdeboda; samagierod jariskacebi,
romlebic ixdidnen samxedro begaras, mudam mzadyofnaSi iyvnen mtris
asalagmad; amasTanave iyvnen disciplinirebulni. im mizniT, raTa sarbieli
gaxsnoda qarTul sulSi bunebiT Tandayolil mxedrul miswrafebebs, saWiro
iyo mSvidobian mcxovrebTa darazmva qveynis samsaxurSi; rogorc samxedro
skolis erT-erTi damaarsebeli, aleqsandre CxeiZe ambobda: `Cven unda
gvaxsovdes, rom omi ZalTa gamocdaa mTeli eris da ara misi romelime
nawilis; da organizaciac SeiaraRebul ZalTaTvis unda Seiqmnas iseTi,
romelic ers miscems saSualebas yvela Tavisi Zalebi gamoiyenos~.
qarTul samxedro istoriografiaSi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa 1919
wels qarTuli samxedro skolis daarsebis da am skolidan gamosul patriot
iunkerTa samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli brZolis istoria. aRniSnuli
sakiTxisadmi interesi aqtualuria dResac, rodesac damoukidebeli
saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis procesSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba
qarTuli armiis mSeneblobas.
1919 wels, gamoCenili qarTveli samxedro moRvaweebis didi SromiTa da
ZalisxmeviT Seiqmna samxedro skola, romelic qarTuli mxedruli didebisa
da Zveli qarTuli samxedro xelovnebis Rirseuli gagrZeleba iyo. skola
gaixsna 1919 wlis 5 seqtembers. ZiriTadi moTxovna iyo saSualo ganaTleba
da kargi fizikuri mdgomareoba. ruseTidan Camosul zogierT axalgazrdas,
ar hqonda araviTari sabuTi, rac skolaSi maTi miRebis siZneles qmnida.
samxedro skolis aRzrdilTa mier kojorsa da tabaxmelasTan, 1921 wlis
TebervalSi, gadaxdili brZolebi da gmiruli Tavdadeba daviTis, Tamaris,
erekles didi gamarjvebebis brwyinvale gamoZaxili iyo.
1917 wlis oqtombris e.w. revoluciis Semdeg daiwyo ganapira qveynebis
ruseTisgan CamoSorebis procesi, dairRva kavkasiis fronti. am periodSi
daarsda amierkavkasiis respublika _ saqarTvelos, azerbaijanisa da somxeTis
SemadgenlobiT. amave dros, daiwyo erovnuli samxedro nawilebis Sedgena.
qarTuli korpusis Seqmna miendo polkovnik stefane axmetelaSvils, Stabis
ufrosad dainiSna kapitani ioseb gedevaniSvili. TanamedroveTa gadmocemiT, s.
axmetelaSvili xazis kargi oficeri iyo, magram aklda korpusis
ufrosisaTvis saWiro momzadeba da gamocdileba aseTi friad seriozuli
saqmisTvis; rac Seexeba i. gedevaniSvils, igi 12-15 weliwadi ukve aRar
msaxurobda armiaSi.
cxadi gaxda samxedro skolis daarsebis aucilebloba nacvalTa∗ da
oficerTa mosamzadeblad. samxedro skolis proeqtis Sesadgenad StabSi
miiwvies polkovniki aleqsandre CxeiZe. Tavdapirvelad gadawyda qarTul
korpusTan daarsebuliyo orgundiani nacvalTa aTaseuli. aTaseulis
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ufrosoba swored mas daevala. mogvianebiT skolis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT
al. CxeiZe wers: `rodesac vigoneb skolis gaxsnis dRes, Zalauneburad
magondeba is gancdani, romelic piradad me vigrZeni. ar viyavi ukve
axalgazrda oficeri, Tan maxlda 26 wlis praqtika samxedro dargSi. mqonda
miRebuli didi gamocdileba rusul samxedro skolebSi samsaxuriT da garda
amisa sabrZolo gamocdileba did omSi miRebuli. SemiZlia Tamamad vTqva, rom
momzadeba mqonda sakmarisi da es maZlevda uflebas ameRo Cem Tavze iseTi
mZime amocana, rogoric axalgazrdebis aRzrda da maTi samxedro xelobaSi
gawvrTnaa... swored dadga SesaZlebloba Semesyida (e.i. gamomesyida l. s.)
mZime danaSauli, romelic CavidineT Cven da TiTqmis mTelma Cvenma erma sxva
da sxva dargSi mtrul erisadmi samsaxuriT~ (igulisxmeba ruseTis
samsaxurSi yofna).
samxedro skolis organizaciis TvalsazrisiT, sagulisxmo iyo is faqti,
rom erTsa da imave skolaSi, erTi xelmZRvanelobis qveS iwvrTneboda da
aRzrdas Rebulobada, rogorc momavali oficeri, ise jariskacic_momavali
nacvali. erTad aRzrda da gawvrTna xels uwyobda jaris SeduReba-
SekavSirebas, vinaidan, rogorc samxedro skolis mesveurebi fiqrobdnen, erT
yaidaze aRzrdili oficeri da nacvali gadaitandnen mTel jarSi im wesrigs
da moTxovnilebebs danergavdnen, rac maT erTad SeiTvises skolis kedlebSi.
skolis xelmZRvanelobis azriT, garkveuli periodis Semdeg, es saswavlebeli
iqneboda erTsulovani, disciplinirebuli da movaleobis SegnebiT aRWurvili
jari. samwuxarod, es ar moxerxda, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
xanmokle arsebobis gamo. yoveli samxedro erTeulis Sefaseba xdeba mis mier
miRweuli Sedegebis, msxverplis raodenobis mixedviT. qarTuli samxedro
skolis iunkrebis sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom mterTan yoveli Setakebisas,
isini, TiTqmis yovelTvis, gamarjvebulni rCebodnen, Tumca msxverplic ar
dahklebiaT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom skola iyo patara gmiruli erTeuli,
aRWurvili saukeTeso samxedro TvisebebiT.
skolis saStato ganrigi ukve 1917 wlis bolos gamocxadda. skolis
organizeba unda momxdariyo calke aTaseulis msgavsad, amasTan dakavSirebiT
aleqsandre CxeiZe igonebs: `... swrafad avirCie oficerTa Semadgenloba da
gamovZebne Zveli uvado nacvlebi. saubedurod, cvalebadi Semadgenloba anu
mosamzadebeli masala jer arsad Canda da es imitom, rom am droisaTvis jer
arc polkebis organizacia iyo dasrulebuli, arc gawveva iyo gamocxadebuli.
marTalia, am mizezis gamo skola umoqmedobda, magram dro mainc ar
ikargeboda da grovdeboda aTaseulisaTvis saWiro qoneba da mowyobiloba~.
1918 wlis 26 maiss, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg,
manamade arsebuli nacvalTa skola da mTeli korpusi arsebuli saxiT
gadmovida saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis gankargulebaSi. gadawyda
nacvalTa momzadeba gadascemoda polkebs, xolo nacvalTa aTaseulis
sanacvlod daarsebuliyo samxedro skola oficerTa mosamzadeblad. amrigad,
nacvalTa aTaseulma daasrula Tavisi arseboba.
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1918 wlis 20 agvistos gamocxadda qarTuli jarebis axali Statebi.
imTaviTve miRebul iqna principuli gadawyvetileba qarTuli samxedro
skolis daarsebis Sesaxeb. Tavdapirvelad skolis ufrosad dainiSna generali
andria benaSvili, skolis ufrosis TanaSemwed- aleqsandre CxeiZe. yofil
nacvalTa aTaseulis yvela oficeri, aTaseulis qonebianad (romelic im dros
didi iyo), gadavida axlad daarsebul samxedro skolaSi.
amave periodSi daiSala Tbilisis kadetTa korpusi. samxedro ministris
brZanebiT, korpusis mmarTvelobisagan, Cambarebeli komisiis Tavmjdomared
dainiSna al. CxeiZe. skolis moTavseba gadawyda yofili Tbilisis samxedro
saswavleblis SenobaSi. dasawyisSi skolas gadaeca mxolod Senobis nawili,
vinaidan danarCeni gvardielebs da maT qonebas ekavaT.
1918 wlis 20 seqtembers, polkidan skolaSi samTvian kursebze gaigzavna
40 oficeri kapitnis xarisxiT. kursebis programa iTvaliswinebda
instruqtorul da taqtikuri momzadebis wesebsac. somxeT-saqarTvelos omis
gamo, 16 seqtembers gamocxadda mobilizacia, Sesabamisad gamoica brZaneba
ganmeorebiTi kursidan oficrebis polkebSi dabrunebis Sesaxeb.
1919 wlis Tebervlis ricxvebSi ganmeorebiT kursebze gaigzavna umcros
oficerTa meore Semadgenloba. swored, im periodSi daiwyo Setakebebi
axalcixis frontze. gakveTilebis meore saaTze gaica brZaneba oficerTa
polkebSi dabrunebis Taobaze. frontze gaiwvies skolis oficrebic.
nabrZanebi iyo xazis mowyoba borjomSi da aseve jaris winsvlasTan
SefardebiT, awyurSi da axalcixeSi. al. CxeiZe dainiSna mTliani xazis
ufrosad. samxedro skolis ori oficeri (kap. alaviZe da kap. aroniSiZe)
Sevidnen oficerTa razmebis ufrosTa SemadgenlobaSi. maisis dasawyisSi
brZolebi Sewyda da mivlinebuli oficrebi skolas daubrundnen.
1919 wlis pirvel agvistos damtkicda axali Statebi, romlis
mixedviTac Seicvala samxedro skolis mdgomareoba da man Semdegi saxe miiRo:
samxedro skolis mowafeTa ricxvi ifargleboda 180 kaciT. es unda
yofiliyo erTi gundi. amaTgan pirvel weliwads unda mieRoT 90 moswavle,
SemdegSi yovelwliurad 90 kaci. pirvel kursze mowafeebi gadiodnen saerTo
Teoriul samxedro kurss da qveiTi jaris mecadineobas. banakad gasvlisas,
mowafeebi nawildebodnen iaraRis specialur dargebze: 60 midioda qveiTi
jaris ganyofilebaze, 10 sainJinroze, 15 saartileroze da 5 sacxenosno
dargSi. meore kursze samxedro skolis mowafeebi 4 dargisagan Semdgar
patara razms warmoadgendnen. samxedro skolasTan iunkerTa gundis garda,
skolis organizaciis mixedviT, unda yofiliyo nacvalTa aTaseuli, nacvlebis
mosamzadeblad, Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: 3 qveiTi gundi, 3 brigadis
saWiroebisaTvis _ sul 150 kaciani gundi. garda amisa, erTi gundi 70
kaciani sanapiro jaris gundi, erTi metyviamfrqvevelTa gundi, 150 kaciT da
8 tyviamfrqveviT, 80 kaciani batareia ori savele zarbazniT, ori qvemexiT
da erTi haubiciT. SemdegSi amas kidev daemata 25 kaciani cxenosanTa mwyobri.
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iunkerTaTvis kursis dawyebis dRed dainiSna 1 seqtemberi,
aTaseulisaTvis, _ 15 noemberi. nacvlebisaTvis 8 Tviani kursi iyo.
axali saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi, agvistos pirvel ricxvebSi, samxedro
skolis ufrosad dainiSna generali giorgi kvinitaZe. skolis yofili
xelmZRvaneli, _ generali andrea benaSvili gadayvanili iqna topografiuli
ganyofilebis ufrosad. saartilerio da cxenosan ganyofilebaTa
xelmZRvanelebad dainiSnen Zveli gamocdili oficrebi: kap. qarumiZe da kap.
sulxaniSvili. general g. kvinitaZis winadadebiT, iunkerTa gundis ufrosoba
miendo polk. gardafxaZes, rogorc Zvel, gamocdil da gamoCenil kadris
oficers (SemdegSi is daiRupa saxelovani sikvdiliT). skolis ufrosis
TanaSemwe iyo aleqsandre CxeiZe. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom demokratiuli
respublikis mTavrobis specialuri komisiis mier, polk. gardafxaZe da polk.
CxeiZe dawunebulni iqnen da mxolod gen. kvinitaZis moTxovnis Semdeg,
gaagrZeles maT samxedro skolaSi moRvaweoba.
saintereso iqneba gavixsenoT cota ram giorgi kvinitaZis biografiidan.
zogierTi cnobiT, giorgi ivanes Ze kvinitaZe daibada daRestanSi. misi mama
ivane samxedro piri iyo. 13 wlis asakSi mas gvari gadaukeTebia da ruseTis
samsaxurSi Sesula. manmade is Ciqovani iyo. giorgic mamis kvals gahyva:
Tavdapirvelad swavlobda Tbilisis kadetTa korpusSi, Semdeg daamTavra
peterburgis saoficro samxedro skola da msaxurobda Tbilisis garnizonSi,
vladikavkazis polkSi, Semdeg poloneTSi, xolo ruseT-iaponiis omis
dawyebisas (1904 w.), misi surviliT, ganaweses Soreuli aRmosavleTis
jarebSi. iyo manjuriaSi, monawileoba miiRo ruseT-iaponiis omSi, sadac mas
tyviamfrqvevelTa razmi Caabares. iq, man samxedro jildoebTan erTad,
namdvili sabrZolo naTloba miiRo. pirveli msoflio omis damTavrebis
Semdeg, 36 wlis kapitani _ giorgi kvinitaZe Sedis peterburgis generaluri
Stabis akademiaSi, sadac swavlobs 1907-1909 wlebSi. akademiadamTavrebul
giorgi kvinitaZes, maioris CiniT, gzavnian varSavaSi, magram male gadmohyavT
kavkasiaSi. 1917 wlis ruseTis revoluciis Semdeg, ruseTis saimperatoro
armiis polkovniki giorgi kvinitaZe, rogorc namdvil qarTvel patriots
Sehferis, Cadga damoukidebeli saqarTvelos samsaxurSi. generloba mas
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam mianiWa, rasac didad
afasebda. aRsaniSnavia, rom giorgi kvinitaZis da aleqsandre CxeiZis meuRle
gaxldaT.
samxedro skolis saorganizacio muSaoba Semdegnairad ganawilda:
generali giorgi kvinitaZe uZRveboda skolis saswavlo-Teoriul nawils da
skolis gareT muSaobas, al. CxeiZe ganagebda skolis samxedro swavla-
aRzrdis saqmes, amasTanave iyo samneo nawilis meTvalyure.
Tavdapirvelad skolis saswavlo nawili didi siZneleebis winaSe
aRmoCnda, radgan: 1) srulebiT ar moipoveboda saswavlo wignebi, 2)
gaZnelebuli iyo leqtorebis monaxva, 3) orjer gamoicvala kadrebis
inspeqtori. samxedro skolis moswavleebs istorias aswavlida profesori
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ivane javaxiSvili, xolo qarTuls vasil barnovi. nikoloz maTikaSvili
igonebs: `saswavlo programis Teoriul dargTagan gvaswavlidnen: samxedro
istorias, taqtikas, topografias, fortifikacias. am dargTa maswavleblebi
iyvnen generlebi: kvinitaZe, andronikaSvili, polkovniki vaxvaxiSvili da
sxvebi... gvyavda eriskaci maswavlebelic. es iyo cnobili mwerali da
sazogado moRvawe vasil barnovi. gvikiTxavda is leqciebs qarTul istoriasa
da literaturaSi da Tavisi saxovani, gulSi Camwvdomi qarTuliT gvinergavda
samSoblos uzomo erTgulebas da siyvaruls. skolis saboloo mizani iyo
mieca msmenelTaTvis sakmarisi Teoriuli da praqtikuli codna samxedro
xelovnebaSi, Caenerga mkacri disciplina da fizikurad moemzadebina mZime
samuSaoTa amtanobisaTvis~. profesorebis ZiriTadi nawili samxedro pirebi
iyvnen. maTgan bevrs rusul samxedro akademiaSi hqonda miRebuli ganaTleba,
Tumca mcire nawilma icoda qarTuli, rac qmnida enis bariers. g. kvinitaZem
es problema Semdegnairad gadaWra: erTi jgufi profesorebisa (2-3kaci),
romelTac srulebiT ar icodnen qarTuli ena, TavianT sagans kiTxulobdnen
rusul enaze da amave enaze iRebdnen pasuxs iunkrebisagan; meore jgufi
kiTxulobda rusul enaze, mxolod pasuxs iRebda qarTul enaze, mesame
jgufi ki leqciebs, mxolod qarTul enaze kiTxulobda.
1919 wlis 5 seqtembers, samxedro saswavlebelSi, imave Senobis
kedlebSi, sadac 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi izrdebodnen rusi samxedroebi,
miRebul iqna 90 qarTveli iunkeri. samxedro skolaSi moxvedra arc ise
advili iyo, radgan skolaSi moxvedris msurvelTa ricxvi bevrad aRemateboda
skolis SesaZleblobebs. samxedro skolis kursanti nikoloz maTikaSvili,
romelic 1920 wels Cairicxa samxedro saswavlebelSi, igonebs: `...mTavari
siZnele gamoixateboda skolis ufrosis, aleqsandre CxeiZis ganaCenSi:
ivargebs Tu ara qarTvel aficradao? amaTvalier-CamaTvaliera, ojaxuri
vinaoba gamomkiTxa, ganaTlebiT dainteresda da didi dafiqrebis Semdeg
skolaSi miRebis Rirsad CamTvala~.
iunkrebis samxedro forma Semdegnairi iyo: Ria molurjo feris faraja,
sayelosa da qudze erovnul ferebiani morTulobiT, wiTeli, kiduriani
samxreulebi inicialebiT `sk~ (skola), TuSuri qudi erovnuli ferebiT
morTuli da zamTarSi boxoxi. oficrebs ecvaT inglisuri stilis frenCi da
franguli faraja.
skolaSi imTaviTve damyarda mkacri, amave dros Segnebuli disciplina.
imavdroulad mimdinareobda qarTuli jarebis reorganizacia. jari Cacmuli
iyo imaSi, rac darCa ruseTis armias. mxedruli qceva da mxedruli
gamometyveleba jer kidev ar iyo Camoyalibebuli. yovelive es saWiroebda
specialur momzadebas, rac samxedro skolidan unda mieRoT. amasTan
dakavSirebiT al. CxeiZe igonebs: `qalaqis mcxovrebni, marTalia daSorebulni
arian samxedro saqmes, jariskacis garCevis unari imaTac SeswevT; 1914 wlis
Semdeg aRar enaxaT namdvili sanimuSo jariskaci da rodesac erT mSvenier
RvinobisTvis dRes Cveni xelidan qalaqSi 90 iunkeri gamovida, STabeWdileba
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iyo sruli... qalaqSi yvelam SeamCnia raRac samxedro nawili, romelic metad
irCeva sxva samxedro nawilebisagan. oficrebma SeamCnies viRac mxedrebi,
romlebic salams ase bejiTad, swrafad da sanimuSod iZlevian. yoveli
maTgani, am movleniT gakvirvebuli, iZulebuli iyo SeCerebuliyo, Tvali
gaedevnebinda da gulSi gaefiqra ki magram, vin arian eseni?... Cven iunkrebs
miaqcies yuradReba, agreTve safrangeTisa da inglisis samxedro
warmomadgenlebma. yvela dainteresebuli iyo, yvela kiTxulobda: vin arian?,
vin arian? da iRebdnen pasuxs: eseni qarTuli samxedro skolis iunkrebi
gaxlavan! qarTuli jaris silamaze da siamaye! laSqris momavali fuZe da
qvakuTxedi. exla ki SeiZleba davumatoT: momavali tabaxmelelebi~.
qarTuli samxedro skolis momavali jariskacebi arc rusebs gamorCeniaT
mxedvelobidan. al. CxeiZe igonebs: `erTma rusis polkovnikma gamaCera qalaqSi
da pirdapir miTxra: me rusis oficeri var, magram ar SemiZlia ar gadmogceT
is kmayofileba, romelsac ganvicdi Tqveni iunkrebis Sexvedris dros; didi
xania Cems gamocdil Tvalebs ar unaxavs aseTi yoCaRebi~.
imave periodSi Camoyalibda samxedro skolis orkestri, romelsac
xelmZRvanelobda, imdroisaTvis TbilisSi kargad cnobili lotbari, ernesto
gijini.
1919 wlis dekembrisaTvis Sedga aTaseulis 4 gundi, erTi batarea, erTi
metyviamfrqvevelTa gundiT; male cxenosanTa polkidan Seiqmna cxenosani
mwyobric. aTaseulSi sul rvaasi kaci iyo. skola amzadebda, rogorc momaval
oficrebs, aseve jaris nacvlebs. yvela iwvrTneboda erTi suliskveTebiT _
samSoblos siyvaruliT.
im droisaTvis cxadi gaxda, rom bolSevikebi gazafxulze apirebdnen
amierkavkasiaze Setevas. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba
molaparakebas awarmoebda Aazerbaijanis mTavrobasTan, raTa erToblivad
emoqmedaT bolSevikebis winaaRmdeg. 1920 wlis gazafxulze TbilisSi
Camovida Aazerbaijanis ministris TanaSemwe generali Sixlinski. igi ewvia
qarTul samxedro skolas, daeswro mecadineobebs da gulisyuriT
daaTvaliera iq mimdinare saswavlo procesi. 1920 wlis aprilSi
azerbaijanSi gaigzavna qarTuli samxedro komisia general giorgi kvinitaZis,
momavali mTavarsardlis, meTaurobiT. aRmoCnda, rom azerbaijanis mTavrobis
wreebSi yvelaferi ar iyo rigze, radgan mTavrobis zogierTma wevrma
bolSevikebis Semosvlas xeli Seuwyo.
miuxedavad imisa, rom 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebiT, ruseTma scno
saqarTvelos damoukidebloba, cxadi gaxda rom ruseTis wiTeli armia,
imavdroulad saqarTvelos aneqsias amzadebda. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos
sazRvrebSi SeiaraRebuli SemoWris safrTxe, sul ufro realuri xdeboda.
1920 wlis 26 aprils, bolSevikebma moulodnelad gadmolaxes
azerbaijanis sazRvari zRvis napiriT, daRestnidan. Aazerbaijanis jarebma
winaaRmdegoba ar gauwies maT da bolSevikebi baqoSi Tavisuflad, matarebliT
Sevidnen. rac Seexeba somxeTs, rusebma maT Turqebi Semousies, romlebmac
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somxeTis mTavrobas winadadebiT mimarTes, rom im SemTxvevaSi daexmarebodnen,
Tu isini xelisuflebas gadascemdnen komunistebs. somxeTis mTavroba
iZulebuli gaxda es winadadeba mieRo, ris Semdegac ganxorcielda kidec
somxeTis gasabWoeba. rac Seexeba somex xalxs isini ajanydnen, ramdenime Tvis
manZilze ewinaaRmdegebodnen bolSevikebs, Tumca mainc damarcxdnen. rom ara
somexi xalxis es winaaRmdegoba, ruseTis wiTel armias, SesaZloa,
dekemberSive Semoetia saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikisaTvis.
bolSevikebis agresiuli politika SeumCneveli ar darCenila dasavleT
evropis qveynebisaTvis. jer kidev 1920 wlis dekemberSi inglisis mTavrobam,
lord kerzonis meSveobiT specialuri SekiTxva gaugzavna moskovs, xom ar
apirebda ruseTi saqarTvelos dapyrobas! ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa komisris
CiCerinis pasuxis gamo, 1920 wlis 3 dekembers inglisuri gazeTi `deili
heraldi~ werda: `CiCerinis mier lord kerzonisadmi gagzavnili iyo nota
baTumis sakiTxis Sesaxeb. nota protests acxadebs winaaRmdeg imis
mtkicebisa, TiTqos baTumi da saqarTvelo imyofeba ruseTis safrTxis qveS.
es ar aris marTali. erTad erTi safrTxe, romelic (saqarTvelos l. s.)
emuqreba, es aris safrTxe antantisa.∗ ruseTma icno saqarTvelos
damoukidebloba, antantam ki ara (dasavleT evropis qveynebma 1921 wlis 27
ianvars icnes saqarTvelos damoukidebloba `de iure~-d∗). ruseTis mTeli
politika mimarTulia patara erebis TviTgamorkvevis sasargeblod, araviTar
moTxovnas saqarTvelos mimarT adgili ar hqonia, garda imisa, rom baTumi ar
iyos dakavebuli mtris Zalebis mier. sabWoTa ruseTs ar miuRia da arc
miiRebs samtro moqmedebas saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg...~
sinamdvileSi, mdgomareoba sul sxvagvarad iyo. ruseTi kvlav agrZelebda
ormagi standartebis politikas; rodesac inglisSi CiCerinis nota
gamoqveynda, imave dRes, 3 dekembers (1920 w.) iwereboda saqarTvelos
dapyrobis pirveli gegma ruseTis me-11 armiis ufrosis, nekkeris mier.
qarTvel politikosebs xelSi CauvardaT nekkeris moxseneba saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis okupaciis Sesaxeb, romelic dawerili iyo 1920
wlis 18 dekembers da wardgenili iqna, ruseTis samxedro sabWoSi.
moxsenebaSi nekkeris mier aRniSnulia: `rogorc me ukve vauwye, mimdinare 3
dekembers, meTerTmete armiis samxedro revoluciur sabWos, saqarTvelos
winaaRmdeg operaciebi SesaZlebelia mxolod im aucilebeli pirobiT, Tu
megobrul neitralobas daicaven kiazim kara beqiris∗ jarebi, radgan Tu am
operaciebisTvis daniSnuli iqneba meTerTmete armiis garda, mTeli mecxre
armia da kavaleriis ori armia, mainc Cven sardlobas ar eyoleba sakmarisi
Zalebi rom Turqebs win gadaeRobon imedianad~. moxsenebidan Cans, rom
nekkeri aanalizebs qarTvelebisa da Turqebis Zalebs da daaskvnis, rom
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg galaSqreba SeiZleboda mxolod iseT pirobebSi, Tu
osmaleTi neitraluri darCeboda. nekkeri werda: `aseT pirobebSi, Cemi Rrma
rwmena, romelic movaleobad mimaCnia werilobiT gadmogceT, is aris, rom
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sanam TurqebTan Cveni urTierTdamokidebuleba ar iqneba mogvarebuli,
saxifaTo iqneboda saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg samxedro operaciebis dawyeba~.
1920 wlis aprilSi, mas Semdeg, rac bolSevikebma moulodnelad daikaves
baqo, safrTxe Seeqmna saqarTvelos demokratiul respulikasac. qveynis
mTavrobam miiRo saWiro zomebi. swored am dros, samxedro skolis ufrosi
generali g. kvinitaZe dainiSna mTavarsardlad, xolo misi adgili al. CxeiZem
daikava da swored mas daevala skolis xelmZRvaneloba.
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba yvela zomas
mimarTavda bolSevikebis Tavdasxmis Tavidan asacileblad; generali g.
kvinitaZe igonebs: `ukve 1-2 maiss (1920), bolSevikebma moaxdines cda
TbilisSi gadatrialebisa. 2 maiss gadmovidnen Cvens sazRvarze wiTel
xididan xramze~. sazRvris garRvevis gasaadvileblad isini iyenebdnen qarTvel
bolSevikebs, romlebic cdilobdnen uwesrigoba SeeqmnaT saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqSi da xelSi CaegdoT qveynis mmarTveloba. swored, am mizniT, jer
kidev 1920 wlis 2 maiss, isini Tavs daesxnen qarTul samxedro skolas. am
Setakebis drosac iunkrebma pirveli sabrZolo naTloba miiRes. Ramis 12
saaTze, bolSevikebis 20-25 kaciani jgufi, a. maxaraZis xelmZRvanelobiT,
SeiWra skolis SenobaSi. bolSevikebs, maTi azriT, gadawyvetili hqondaT
iunkrebis xelSi Cagdeba, xolo Semdeg aTaseulis jariskacebs Tavis mxareze
gadaiyvandnen. iunkrebs ukve eZinaT, rogorc Cans bolSevikebi informirebulni
iyvnen skolis grafikTan dakavSirebiTac. maTi 8-10 kaciani jgufi derefanSi
SeiWra, revolveriT daemuqra moriges, amis Semdeg, Secvivda iunkrebis
oTaxebSi, aayenes isini sawolebidan bolSevikebma da pirvel da meore
oTaxebSi gamoiyvanes. amave dros, maT iaraRTan mcvelebi dayenes. meore
oTaxSi, iunkrebTan bolSevikebma datoves oTxi mauzeriani jariskaci, xolo
danarCenebi a. maxaraZis meTaurobiT klasebis derefnisaken gaemarTnen. maT
ganzraxuli hqondaT gaevloT skolis moedani da misuliyvnen nacvalTa
aTaseulis gundSi, romlebic moSorebulni iyvnen quCas da oficerTa
adgilsamyofels. bolSevikebs kibeze SeeCexa morige oficeri, kapitani
qarumiZe, romelic skolis Semovlas awarmoebda da araviTar safrTxes ar
moeloda. igi daiWires, ganaiaraRes, Semdeg aiyvanes da datoves iunkrebTan
erTad, maTi meTvalyuris zedamxedvelobis qveS. rodesac morige iunkers
iskandaraSvils kapitani qarumiZe samorigeo oTaxSi ar daxvda, ukan
gamobrunda derefnis kuTxidan, man dainaxa rogor daiWires da ganaiaraRes
morige oficeri. iunkeri ar daibna da skolis moedniT oficrebis oTaxisaken
gaeSura. kapitan qarumiZis dapatimrebis Semdeg, bolSevikebi samorigeo
oTaxSi SeiWrnen, sadac SemTxveviT imyofeboda kapitani jafariZe. igi
daapatimres, gauTiSes telefoni da iunkrebTan waiyvanes. swored am dros
qalaqidan brundeboda skolis ufrosi _ generali g. kvinitaZe. samorigeo
oTaxidan, mas moesma xmauri. generalma faraja gaiZro da samorigeo oTaxSi
gavida, sadac mas uwesrigoba daxvda. rodesac generali klasebis derefnisaken
gaemarTa, man SeniSna sazafxulo paltoSi gamowyobili ucxo pirovneba,
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romelmac misi mimarTulebiT gaisrola. generalma kvinitaZem sroliTve
upasuxa, magram samwuxarod, meore gasrolisas tyvia avtomatis lulaSi
gaiCxira. generali Senobisaken Setrialda meore revolveris asaRebad;
bolSevikebma is tyviebiT miaciles da saswaulebrivad gadaurCa sikvdils. am
faqtTan dakavSirebiT generali kvinitaZe Tavis wignSi `Cemi mogonebebi~ wers:
`es iyo samxedro skolaze bolSevikebis Ramis Seteva, pirvel maiss
TbilisSi, rogorc yovelTvis isini zeimobdnen pirveli maisis dResaswauls.
rogorc me gadmomces, demonstraciis dros brbom gadaqela bolSevikebi,
romlebic calke organizaciad gamodiodnen. mgoni, pirveli maisis Tu ara
ori maisis saRamosve (ori maisis Ramis 1-li saaTi) saxalxo darbazSi
daniSnul iqna mSromelTa deputatebis sxdoma. me veswrebodi am sxdomas,
sadac mTavrobis wevrebma warmosTqves sityva Seqmnil situaciasTan
dakavSirebiT. sxdoma gagrZelda TiTqmis Tormet saaTamde. rodesac saxlSi
wavedi, me maSin samxedro skolis SenobaSi vcxovrobdi, Tan maxlda generali
zaqariaZe. rogorc ki avtomanqana skolis sadarbazos miuaxlovda, sadRac
Soriaxlos gaisma gasrolis xma. generalma zaqariaZem SeniSna: `isvrian~; me
vupasuxe, rom es pirvelad araa da ar mivaqcie yuradReba. zaqariaZe wavida,
me ki avedi CemTan da vaxSmoba daviwye, saxlSi yvelas eZina. 10-15 wuTis
Semdeg gavige xmauri, nabijebis xma, yvirili; xmauri vestibiulis an
samorigeo oTaxis mxridan ismoda. radgan xmauri xangrZlivi iyo, amitom
aRelvebuli gavemarTe telefonisaken da viTxove morige oficerTan
dakavSireba. miTxres, rom samorigeo oTaxi ar pasuxobda. me piradad
gavemarTe samorigeo oTaxisaken. iq Sesulma davinaxe iatakze dagdebuli
palto, irgvliv sruli siCume iyo. gamikvirda, rom samorigeo oTaxSi aravin
iyo, radgan oficris aryofnisas iq iunkeri mainc unda yofiliyo. me kibis
Tavze gamovedi, zemoT, samorigeo punqtTan sami kacisagan Semdgari darajTa
jgufi idga. darajTa jgufis xelmZRvanelad yovelTvis iunkeri iniSneboda,
amjerad darajTa jgufis xelmZRvaneli iyo iunkeri gegeWkori ...~
es iyo qarTuli samxedro skolis pirveli gamocda, romelic iunkrebma
warmatebiT Caabares. bolSevikebma ganizraxes Tavdapirvelad ieriSi swored
samxedro skolaze mietanaT da amiT gaetexaT demokratiuli respublikis
mTavrobis winaaRmdegoba. samxedro skolis iunkrebma moaxerxes maTi Setevis
mogerieba. bolSevikebma ver SeZles samxedro skolis xelSi Cagdeba da
Semdgomi Setevis gagrZeleba. 2 maiss, sam saaTze, samxedro skolaSi mivida
saqarTvelos mTavrobis meTauri noe Jordania, romelmac madloba gamoucxada
skolis xelmZRvanelobas da iunkrebs. ufro adre skolaSi samxedro
ministri, grigol lorTqifaniZe gamocxadda. bolSevikebis Setevas
umsxverplod ar Cauvlia, daiWrnen iunkrebi grigol kikiani da mixeil
mayaSvili, es ukanaskneli mZimed iyo daWrili da gardaicvala. mixeil
mayaSvili gaxda pirveli msxverpli iunkrebidan, romelic bolSevikebTan
brZolas Seewira. miuxedavad msxverplisa, samxedro skolam, saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba ixsna gadatrialebisagan da qveyanas im
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etapze Tavidan aacila Semdgomi sisxlisRvra, rac udavod skolis iunkrebis
damsaxureba iyo. aqedan moyolebuli, iunkrebi aqtiurad Cadgnen qveynis
Tavdacvis samsaxurSi da SeiZleba iTqvas, yvelgan gmirulad asrulebdnen
TavianT mxedrul vals.
1920 wlis 3 maiss Setakebebi daiwyo saqarTvelos sazRvarze. wiTel
xidTan _ xramze, bolSevikebis jarebma gadmolaxes qveynis sazRvrebi.
saqarTvelos mTavrobam, jaris sardloba general giorgi kvinitaZes Caabara.
bolSevikebi aqtiurad miiwevdnen win, saWiro iyo saTanado zomebis miReba
mTavrobis mxridan. g. kvinitaZis gadmocemiT, gvardiis Stabi samxedro skolis
frontze gagzavnas moiTxovda. skolas ukve Zlieri, mxedruli suliT
ganmtkicebuli erTeulis saxeli hqonda moxveWili. samxedro skolis
iunkrebi frontis dasayrden Zalad iqcnen.
16 maiss, aleqsandre CxeiZem, miiRo brZaneba, rom samxedro skola
datvirTuliyo matarebelze da sadgur sadaxlosaken daZruliyo. skolis
iunkrebi brZanebas sixaruliT Sexvdnen. brZaneba miiRes 5 saaTze, magram kvira
dRe iyo da skolis Sekreba mxolod 10 saaTisTvis moxerxda. am droisaTvis
samxedro skola patara, magram saimedo sabrZolo erTeuls warmoadgenda; mis
gankargulebaSi iyo 4 gundisagan Semdgari aTaseuli, 8 metyviamfrqvevelTa
gundiT, 2 samTo da 2 savele zarbazniani batareiT, aseve, 25 kaciani
cxenosanTa mwyobriT. aleqsandre CxeiZem aTaseulSi nacvlebis adgilze
iunkrebi daniSna, vinaidan maT jer kidev ar hyavdaT kadris nacvlebi, garda
zemdegebisa; isini CxeiZem TavianT adgilebze datova da iunkrebi daumorCila.
am faqtma demokratiuli respublikis samxedro ministris lorTqifaniZis
gakvirveba gamoiwvia. amasTan dakavSirebiT, al CxeiZe wers: `rodesac
samxedro ministri lorTqifaniZe sadaxloSi skolas aTvalierebda miTxra:
general kvinitaZem gadmomca, rom Tqven iunkrebi daginiSnavT jariskacebis
ufrosebad gundebSi: mere rogor ar geSiniaT, rom moxdes maT Soris
gaugebroba? me vupasuxe sruliad darwmunebiT: _ kargad vicnob amaTac da
imaTac; araviTari gaugebroba ar moxdeba da amas Cems Tavze viReb SemiZlia
davadasturo: am Tveebis ganmavlobaSi arc erT gaugebrobas adgili ar hqonia.
iunkrebi Zalian moxerxebulad dauaxlovdnen jariskacebs da moipoves maTi
ndoba~. igi daaskvnis: `Cans Cveni saministro fiqrobda, rom Cven vzrdidiT
ara namdvil qarTvel oficrebs, aramed raRac safrTxobelas~.
aleqsandre CxeiZe sadaxloSi dainiSna saarmio jgufis ufrosad.
samxedro skolis garda mis gankargulebaSi gadavida: 1-li qveiTi polki, me-7
polki, me-5 polkis ori gundi da Semdeg mTeli polki, aseve, maior maxaraZis
batarea, maior ioselianis batarea da cxenosanTa polkis ori eskadroni
maior doliZis meTaurobiT. 17 maiss, sadaxloSi aleqsandre CxeiZem miiRo
sabrZolo operaciuli brZaneba, raTa 18 maiss, diliT, gadasuliyo Setevaze,
bolSevikebis marcxena frTis SemovliT. 3 saaTze isini gamovidnen
sadaxlodan, qarTul armias win miuZRodnen samxedro skolis iunkrebi,
romlebic frontis wina xazze iyvnen gagzavnilni. isini srul sabrZolo
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mzadyofnaSi iyvnen, rodesac polkovnikma nikoloz gedevaniSvilma aleqsandre
CxeiZes gadasca mTavarsardlis brZaneba: dalodebodnen mis saboloo
sabrZolo gankargulebas da ar gadasuliyvnen Setevaze. SemdegSi, brZolis
gagrZeleba ar gaxda saWiro, vinaidan saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis mTavrobam miiRo gadawyvetileba, sisxlisRvris Tavidan acilebis
mizniT, dasTanxmeboda bolSevikebis winadadebas da daewyoT molaparakeba
maTTan. am faqtma, qarTuli jarebis mTavarsardlis guliswyroma gamoiwvia,
radgan qarTuli samTavrobo jarebis upiratesoba aSkara iyo. polkovnik
aleqsandre CxeiZis gegmis mixedviT, samxedro skola cxenosani divizioniT,
19 maiss, alyaSi moaqcevda bolSevikebis jars. garda amisa, rogorc SemdegSi
gaxda cnobili, bolSevikebi sacodav mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen. maT sul
hqondaT 8 zarbazani qarTuli samTavrobo jarebis 28 zarbaznis winaaRmdeg.
amas emateboda isic, rom azerbaijanelebi elizavetpolSi amzadebdnen
ajanyebas bolSevikebis winaaRmdeg. general kvinitaZes ganzraxuli hqonda
daemarcxebina bolSevikebi yazaxis raionSi, daZruliyo elizavetpolze da
fexze daeyenebina Sixlinskis divizia, Semdeg wasuliyo baqoze da gaereka
bolSevikebi azerbaijanidan. amas emateboda isic, rom im droisaTvis rusebs
omi hqondaT polonelebTan. aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba, mTavrobis jars
general kvinitaZis meTaurobiT, saSualebas miscemda SeeCerebina bolSevikebis
Semdegi samxedro moqmedebebi. bolSevikebi didi manZiliT dacildebodnen
saqarTvelos sazRvrebs da SemdegSi qveyana, SesaZloa, saerTod aicilebda
Tavidan 1921 wlis brZolebs. Tumca, rogorc ukve zemoT aRvniSneT,
saqarTvelos mTavrobam bolSevikebTan molaparakeba arCia. bolSevikebma amiT
Zala moikribes da sastikad CaaxSes azerbaijanelebis ajanyeba. aRniSnuli
faqtis gamo, samxedro skolam dakarga saswavlo dro, magram amave dros igi
namdvil sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi gaatara, praqtikulad Seiswavla savele-
sayaraulo samsaxuri. ivlisis pirvel ricxvebSi iunkrebi TbilisSi
dabrundnen.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT is faqtic, rom saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis mTavrobis meTauri noe Jordania moskovTan molaparakebas
awarmoebda erTi piris, _ grigol urataZis meSveobiT. amis Sesaxeb, is
TviTonve wers: `raki pirdapiri midgomiT, evropis winaSe SuamdgomlobiT da
iq propagandaT ara gamodioda ra, cxadi gaxda, saqmis isev rusebTan dawyebis
aucilebloba... am misiis erTi mTavari piroba iyo misi saidumloeba. mTeli es
ambavi, griSas (igulisxmeba grigol urataZe) gamgzavreba da iq muSaoba,
saqarTveloSi aravis gaugia, vifiqre, Tu moskovma gvicno, Cveni
damoukidebloba daadastura, am TamasuqiT warvdgebiT evropis areopagis∗
winaSe da es ueWvelad gasWris~. ase fiqrobda maSin, saqarTvelos pirveli
piri. sxvaTaSoris, es is grigol ilarionis Ze urataZe gaxldaT, romelmac
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevris
statusiT, ruseTis socialisturi federaciuli sabWoTa mTvrobis sagareo
saqmeTa saxalxo komisris moadgile _ lev mixeilis Ze karaxanTan erTad,
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moawera xeli 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebas, romlis ZaliTac ruseTma
icno saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT, Cven cota
qvemoT gveqneba saubari.
1920 wlis agvistos pirvel naxevarSi moxerxda samxedro skolis
kursdamTavrebuli nacvlebis gamoSveba. sazafxulo mecadineobebi, umTavresad
savele samsaxuris programa, sami Tvis manZilze sabrZolo operaciebis gamo,
marTalia, maT SemoklebiT gaiares, magram miuxedavad amisa, nacvlebi sakmaod
momzadebulni iyvnen. skolis xelmZRvanelobis mxridan, dawvrilebiTi rCeva-
darigebis miRebis Semdeg, nacvlebma skola datoves. rac SeexebaT iunkrebs,
isini gadayvanilni iqnen ufros kursze da gauSves zafxulis SvebulebaSi.
sazafxulo mecadineobis gacdenis gamo, iunkrebma ver moaswres
topografiuli mecadineobis sruli kursis gavla; aseve momzadebis
praqtikuli mxare. miuxedavad amisa, nacvalTa mwyobrSi yofnis dros,
iunkrebma sakmao gamocdileba SeiZines.
SemdegSi iunkrebi gawveulni iqnen lagodexSi, sadac ajanyda me-6 polki
da saWiro gaxda iq wesrigis aRdgena. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT al. CxeiZe
gadmogvcems: `saCqarod gamovbrundi skolaSi da davgzavne iunkrebi da
jariskacebi skolis Sesakrebad. isev RamiT mogvixda datvirTva, magram
gamocdileba ukve gvqonda da saqme daCqarebiT wavida. RamiT ukve mivqrodiT
kaxeTSi. gzaSi dagvewia mTavarsardali. saRamos, mivaRwieT ganapira sadgurs
_ wnoris wyals. aq Cems gankargulebaSi gadmovida gvardielebis aTaseuli.
sadguridan telefoniT davelaparake gen. sumbaTaSvils, romelic lagodexSi
imyofeboda. rogorc Canda misi mdgomareoba beCavi iyo... vacnobe, rom
batareis gadmotvirTvisTanave, skola myisve lagodexze wamova-Tqo. patara
sadgurze gadmotvirTva gaZnelebuli iyo; amis gamo mxolod dilis 6 saaTze
moxerxda gamgzavreba. zafxulis sicxe idga; dasalevi wyali arsad iyo;
dawyebuli alaznis xididan, koRoebi mosvenebas ar gvaZlevdnen da mwared
ikbinebodnen. saRamos mivediT ilarionovkaSi. aq movida brZaneba _
ganiaraRebul iqnas me-6 polkis modaraje gundi da Sepyrobili polkis
mTavari agitatorebi, romlebic gundSi imyofebian...~ operaciam warmatebiT
Caiara. al. CxeiZis xelmZRvanelobiT, moxerxda amboxebuli jariskacebis
alyaSi moqceva, ris Semdegac maT iaraRi dayares. agitatorebma gaqceva
moindomes, magram yvelani Seipyres. mTavarsardlis mosvlamde davaleba ukve
Sesrulebuli iyo. mTavarsardali TbilisSi dabrunda da brZana dasvenebis
Semdeg, skolis aTaseulis ukan dabruneba. gen. sumbaTaSvilis TxovniT,
romelic imediT Sehyurebda samxedro skolis Zalebs, savele ganaCenis
aRsrulebamde, iunkrebi lagodexSi darCnen, sadac isini 4 agvistomde
sayaraulo samsaxurs eweodnen. male mTavarsardlis brZanebiT, samxedro
skola gamowveul iqna TbilisSi, sadac aSkarad moqmedebdnen bolSevikebi.
lagodexSi yofnis periodSi jariskacebi daavaddnen muclis tifiT. epidemiam
12 jariskacisa da 1 iunkeris sicocxle Seiwira.
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skolis xelmZRvaneloba Seudga pirvel kursze iunkerTa axali nakadis
miRebis samzadiss. 1920 wlis 1 seqtembers samxedro skolaSi miRebul iqna
90 iunkeri. ufrosi kursis iunkrebi, romlebmac garkveuli kursi gaiares,
gadanawildnen iaraRis specialur dargebze: 60 iunkeri qveiT ganyofilebaSi,
15 saartilerioSi, 10 sainJinroSi da 5 cxenosanTa ganyofilebaze.
samxedro skolis xelmZRvaneloba yvelanairad cdilobda jariskacebi
aRezarda sabrZolo suliskveTebiT da erTmaneTis mimarT megobruli
damokidebulebiT, amasTanave isini unda gaTavisuflebuliyvnen rusuli jaris
wesebisgan. qarTuli samxedro skolis daTvalierebisas, azerbaijanis jaris
generalma Sixlinskim, romelic Zveli artileristi iyo, moiwona skolaSi
arsebuli swavlebis meTodika, kerZod is, rom skolaSi erTad iyvnen
Tavmoyrilni yvela dargis specialistebi. samxedro skolis artileristebi
iyvnen gamoCenili oficrebi: _ batareiis ufrosi baxutaSvili, kap. qarumiZe,
kap. yaralaSvili. isini iyvnen brwyinvale oficrebi, rac SemdegSi praqtikaSi
daamtkices kidec.
1920 wlis 1 oqtombers generalma kvinitaZem, mTavarsardlis uflebis
datovebis Semdeg, jaric datova da skolaSi dabruneba ar isurva. am faqtTan
dakavSirebiT g. kvinitaZe, jer kidev SeiaraRebul ZalTa mTavarsardlis
rangSi, specialuri brZanebiT mimarTavs jariskacebs: `...ufrosoba da
xelmZRvaneloba aseTi mxedrobisa, romelsac usazRvrod uyvars Tavisi
samSoblo da mtkiced esmis Tavisi movaleoba mis winaSe, yoveli samxedro
pirisaTvis aris uaRresi bedniereba. vtoveb ra mTavarsardlis movaleobas, me
msurs sruli pativiscemiT da mxurvaled aRvniSno Tqveni gmiruli samsaxuri
samSoblosadmi. Tqven daamtkiceT, rom Rirseuli Svilebi xarT Cveni
Rirseuli winaprebisa. aRsdgnen saqarTvelos gmirebi! dideba samSoblos!
dideba Tqven! gaumarjos saqarTvelos da mis saxelovan mxedrobas!~
giorgi kvinitaZis wasvlis Semdeg, skolis ufrosad dainiSna generali
andronikaSvili. igi iyo generaluri Stabis oficeri, samxedro saqmis kargi
mcodne, amasTanave metad rbili da faqizi xasiaTis mqone adamiani, damTmobi,
ris gamoc xandaxan ukanono Txovnasac ki asrulebda. aRniSnuli Tvisebebi,
mas xels uSlida skolis marTvis saqmeSi.
1921 wlis 15 Tebervlamde dainiSna axalgazrda jariskacebis gawveva.
Semkreb punqtebze, samxedro skolidan specialurad gaigzavnen oficrebi,
axalgazrda jariskacebis SesarCevad. skolas ufleba hqonda aerCia nacvalTa
aTaseulisaTvis wera-kiTxvis mcodne da warmosadegi axalgazrdebi, romelTac
monawileoba unda mieRoT samSoblos dasacavad mosalodnel brZolebSi. al.
CxeiZe gadmogvcems: `jariskacebi erTi meoreze ukeTesebi iyvnen. gadavwyvite
damenawilebina isini simaRlis mixedviT; yvela maRali dainiSna pirvel
gundSi, movida oci moxeve; yvela lamazi, SoltiviT biWebi, moyvanili da
vaJkacuri gamometyvelebis; yvela pirvel gundSi davniSne. am dros pirvel
gunds ufrosobda kap. baluaSvili, romelic Tavisi simaRliT gunds ar
Seefereboda da amitom Sevcvale igi; pirveli gundis ufrosad davniSne
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maiori gardafxaZe; nestori aRfrTovanebuli iyo Tavisi axalgazrdebiT.
yvela amoZravda, yvela emzadeboda gaorkecebuli muSaobisaTvis~. maT win
Tebervlis susxiani dReebi elodaT da qveynis sadarajoze unda
damdgariyvnen.
vinaidan samxedro skolis iunkrebi eweodnen sapatio samsaxurs al.
CxeiZem miiRo ufleba, Tbilisidan da quTaisidan Seekriba musikosebi, radgan
oficialuri Sexvedrebisa da gacilebis dros saWiro iyo kargi orkestris
yola. 14 Tebervlamde mogrovda 50 Zveli gamocdili musikosi, rac skolis
orkestris lotbars,Eernesto gijins saSualebas aZlevda aRedgina Tavisi
Zveli repertuari.
amasobaSi ruseTi aqtiurad adevnebda Tvals amierkavkasiaSi mimdinare
procesebs da xelsayrel moments elodeboda. bolSevikebi gamarjvebulni
gamodian `TeTr~ generlebTan brZolaSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom general
denikinis `TeTri jarebi~ ara naklebi mteri iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom erTaderTi, rac ruseTma saqarTvelos 1920
wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebiT uboZa, _ es iyo qveynis damoukideblobis
cnoba, magram aRmoCnda, rom es iyo ruseTis morigi xriki. aRniSnuli
xelSekrulebiT, arc saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba Canda
kmayofili. mTavrobis meTauri noe Jordania amasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `gr.
urataZem gvamcno molaparakebis Sinaarsi da agreTve proeqtis teqsti. Cveni
mTavari moTxovnilebani gamoCnda miRebuli, sadao iyo wvrilmanebi,
gansakuTrebiT erTi muxli- saqarTvelos teritoriaze ar idges samtro
ucxo jario. Cven vacnobeT am muxlis sruli amogdeba, Cveni teritoriis
suvereni Cven varT-Tqo. griSam gadmogvca pirdapiri mavTuliT, rom am muxls
ar xsnian - Tqven egeb Tqveni qveyana gaxadoT bazad ucxo Semotevisa Cvens
winaaRmdeg. me vifiqre, bolSevikebi marTali arian, Tuki aseTi eWvi aqvT,
muxli misaRebia. evgeni (igulisxmeba sagareo saqmeTa ministri evgeni
gegeWkori l. s.) iyo winaaRmdegi, ar gvinda maTi cnoba, Tu Cveni teritoriis
moxmaraSi gverevian. CemTvis MmTavari iyo Cveni iuridiuli cnoba,
ruseTisagan, rasac Semdeg sxva saxelmwifoebic mimarTavdnen~.
ruseT-saqarTvelos xelSekrulebis me-10 muxli, aSkarad
ewinaaRmdegeboda me-2 muxls, romlis ZaliTac ruseTi valdebulebas iRebda
ar Careuliyo saqarTvelos Sinaur saqmeebSi. me-10 muxliT ki ruseTi
moiTxovda cixeebSi myofi qarTveli komunistebis gaTavisuflebas, rac
TavisTavad niSnavda qveynis Sinaur saqmeebSi Carevas. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT
trocki∗ erT-erT Tavis naSromSi aRniSnavs, rom xelSekrulebis
dadebisTanave, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba aiZules,
900 komunisti gaeTavisuflebina cixeebidan. garda amisa, xelSekrulebis me-
5 muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, unda momxdariyo samxedro da sazRvao-
samxedro nawilebis dauyonebliv ganiaraReba, rac rasakvirvelia, metad
saxifaTo iyo ruseTTan moaxloebuli omis pirobebSi. Sedegebis mixedviT Tu
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vimsjelebT, aRniSnuli xelSekruleba momakvdinebeli aRmoCnda saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikisaTvis.
ruseTma, marTalia cno saqarTvelos damoukidebloba, Tumca imavdroulad
emzadeboda saqarTveloze gasalaSqreblad. saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis mTavroba, grZnobda ra mosalodnel safrTxes, Seudga
TavdacviTi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas. 1921 wlis 11 noembers, daarsda
Tavdacvis sabWo, noe Jordanias xelmZRvanelobiT. mTavrobam miiRo zomebi
qveynis Tavdacvisunarianobis asamaRleblad. am mizniT, damfuZnebel krebas
gadaeca dekretis proeqti TavdacvisaTvis, damatebiT 300 mln. maneTis
gamoyofasTan dakavSirebiT. qarTveli generlebis mtkicebiT, bolSevikebTan
omis mogeba SeiZleboda 50-60 aTasi kaciT. 1921 wlis 3 ianvars, samxedro
ministris TanaSemwe gen. odiSeliZe Tavis moxsenebaSi mTavrobisadmi werda:
`sabWoTa ruseTis Semosevisas aRmosavleTis sazRvarze unda davagrovoT
35.000 kaci, samxreTiT _ 10.000 kaci. amave dros rezervSi unda davitovoT
15. 000 kaci sxva mimarTulebisaTvis. amnairad, Cveni SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
ricxvi unda aRwevdes 60.000 xiSts da xmals~. aRniSnul Zalebs, is
varaudobda mtris 70.000 kacis winaaRmdeg. giorgi kvinitaZis gadmocemiT,
1914 wels, pirveli msoflio omis dros, ruseTis mTavrobam gamoiyvana 155.
000 qarTveli jariskaci. generali svams kiTxvas: sad iyo es 155. 000
qarTveli 1921 wels bolSevikebTan Cveni omis dros? rogorc ukve zemoT
aRvniSneT, ruseT-saqarTvelos xelSekrulebis ZaliT, saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam moaxdina samxedro Zalebis
demobilizacia, ramac gamoiwvia SeiaraRebuli nawilebis mniSvnelovani
Semcireba. daxmareba, verc dasavleTidan miiRes.
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis okupaciis sakiTxi marTalia,
ufro adre daigegma, Tumca oficialurad, 1921 wlis 26 ianvris rkp (b)∗ ck-
is plenumze gadawyda, sadac mowonebuli iqna saqarTvelos saqmeebSi samxedro
Carevis gegmis proeqti, romlis avtoric v. i. lenini iyo.
1921 wlis TebervalSi Sewyda samxedro skolis mSvidobiani cxovreba.
skolis iunkrebma TavianTi TavganwirviT daamtkices, rom maT ZarRvebSi
winaprebis gmiruli sisxli Cqefda.
1921 wlis 11 Tebervals, RamiT, bolSevikebis jarebi qarTul da somxur
nawilebTan erTad Tavs daesxnen saqarTvelos sanapiro sadarajoebs da
regularul nawilebs, romlebic qveynis mTavarsardal general odiSeliZis
mier iyvnen dawyobilni da dajgufebulni xeobebSi. dadga sabediswero dReebi
mobilizaciis gamocxadebasTan erTad qveynis samxedro xelmZRvanelobam dasva
sakiTxi ufrosi kursis iunkrebis oficrebad gamoSvebis Sesaxeb, magram
movlenebis daCqarebis gamo, amis ganxorcieleba ver moeswro. 14 Tebervals,
erovnul-demokratiuli partiis moTxovnis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mTavrobam
gadaayena generali i. odiSeliZe da mTavarsardlad daniSna g. kvinitaZe. am
faqtTan dakavSirebiT al. CxeiZe gadmogvcems: `saqarTvelos mier warmoebul
yvela omSi gen. kvinitaZe iRebda sardlobas mxolod maSin, rodesac sxvebis
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mier yvelaferi gafuWebuli iyo; amis miuxedavad, man ar icoda, Tu ra aris
damarcxeba (somxeTis omi, cxinvalis ajanyebis Caqroba da axalcixis
operaciebi, 1920 wlis omi bolSevikebTan da bolos 1921 wlis omi). eWvs
gareSea, momavali istorikosi general kvinitaZes daxatavs gamarjvebul
sardlad~. imave azrs adasturebs generali Saqro baqraZe, romelic
TviTmxilveli iyo samxedro skolis ufrosebisa da iunkrebis sabrZolo
xelovnebisa. igi wers: `eWvs gareSea, gamarjvebis azriT da erovnuli
grZnobiT iyo aRfrTovanebuli samxedro skolis ufrosoba; da Tu amas
mivumateT igive grZnobiT gamsWvaluli xelqveiTebis (igulisxmeba iunkrebi)
guli, advili gasagebia- ra Zalas warmoadgenda samxedro skola~.
generali g. kvinitaZe sxvadasxva dros iyo saqarTvelos samxedro
ministris TanaSemwe da saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mTavarsardali.
man didi dro da energia moaxmara Tbilisis erTaderT qarTul samxedro
skolas, rogorc misma ufrosma da damaarsebelma. igi TavgamodebiT zrunavda
sanimuSo qarTveli iunkrebis aRsazrdelad, mSobliur enaze maTTvis
saxelmZRvaneloebis Sesaqmnelad, maTSi maRali zneobrivi da sulieri
Tvisebebis Casanergad. miuxedavad amisa, g. kvinitaZes, saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobasTan da mmarTvel social-demokratiul
partiasTan, bolomde seriozuli uTanxmoeba hqonda.
rodesac ruseTis me-11 wiTeli armia Tbiliss mouaxlovda, frontis
marjvena frTas kojris misadgomebTan gen. andronikaSvili icavda. mis
gankargulebaSi iyo regularuli jaris 4 polki, gvardiis 4 aTaseuli,
Sesabamisi raodenobis artileria da iunkerTa skolis kursantTagan
saxeldaxelod Seqmnili razmi. centralur ubanze ganlagebul jarebs
meTaurobda gen. g. mazniaSvili, romelsac soRanluRis da misi mimdebare
poziciebis dasacavad gamouyves 3 polki, sasazRvro aTaseuli,
tyviamfrqvevelTa aseuli da ori saartilerio divizioni. marcxena frTaze
idga gen. jijixia qveiTi jaris sami aTaseuliTa da cxenosanTa eskadroniT.
saqarTvelos generalur Stabs xelSi Cauvarda sabWoTa ruseTis XI
armiis saqarTveloze Tavdasxmis gegma. am gegmis mixedviT, XI armiis nawilebi
Tavs daesxmodnen saqarTvelos 6 mxridan: 1) Crdilo-dasavleTidan gagra-
soxumis mimarTulebiT, 2) CrdiloeTidan mamisonis uReltexiliT, 3)
vladikavkazidan darialis xeobiT, 4) aRmosavleTidan kaxeTis mimarTulebiT,
5) samxreT-dasavleTidan borCalos mimarTulebiT, 6) samxreTidan axalcixe-
ardaganis mimarTulebiT.
unda iTqvas isic, Tu rogori iyo am dros ruseTis mdgomareoba. ruseTi
sruli gamarjvebuli gamodis samoqalaqo omidan, amarcxebs TeTr generlebs
da TandaTan Zalebs ikrebs ruseTis imperiaSi adre Semavali qveynebis
dasabruneblad. rusi politikosebi aqtiurad adevnebdnen Tvals amierkavkasiis
qveynebis saerTaSoriso mdgomareobas. 1920 wlis 28 aprils, ruseTi ikavebs
azerbaijans. 1920 wlis 15 aprils, arzrumSi xeli moaweres SeTanxmebas
osmaleTis me-15 armiis ufrosma kiazim kara beqir faSam daAazerbaijanis
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samxedro ministrma Sixlinskim. SeTanxmebis me-5 muxliT, azerbaijani
valdebulebas iRebda daxmareboda osmalebs bolSevikebTan daaxloebaSi da
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi azerbaijanic SeuerTdeboda aRniSnul kavSirs.
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis meTauri, noe Jordania
aRniSnavda, romAazerbaijani ucxo Zalas Sexvda ubrZolvelad; miuxedavad
didi survilisa da am qveyanasTan dadebuli samxedro kavSiriT
gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebisa, saqarTvelos ufleba ar hqonda
SebrZoleboda ruseTs, radganac TviT azerbaijani ar SewinaaRmdegebia am
faqts.
1921 wlis 16 Tebervlis dilas, damfrTxali samTavrobo gvardia ukan
gamoiqca, jer sadgur sandarze da Semdeg TbilisSi. meore saarmio brigada
ganadgurebuli iqna bolSevikebis mier xeobebSi da amgvarad fronti
morRveuli da sruliad gawmendili iyo maT mier. mdgomareoba imdenad
rTuli iyo, mtris erT cxenosan brigadas energiuli devna, rom
ganexorcielebina, imave dResve SesZlebda TbilisSi Semosvlas. sabednierod,
mterma arc ki icoda gvardiis gamoqcevis Sesaxeb da 2 dRe idga Tavis
poziciebze.
yvela gamocdili meomrisaTvis cxadi iyo, rom brZola ukve wagebuli
iyo, Tumca general kvinitaZis mTavarsardlad daniSvnam, jariskacebs axali
suli STabera. maT gansakuTrebuli rwmena hqondaT am adamianis mimarT, radgan
mas yovelTvis Tan axlda gamarjeba, maT Sorris, rusul jarSic.
Seqmnil situaciaSi, daisva Tbilisis mosaxleobis evakuaciis sakiTxic.
swored, am mZime situaciaSi, 18 Tebervals, erovnuli gvardiis jarebma
gaimarjves da maT qalaqSi Semoiyvanes 15 aTasi tyve-bolSeviki. aseT umZimes
situaciaSi miRweuli gamarjveba udaod axali mTavarsardlis, general
kvinitaZis damsaxureba iyo. swored, am adamianis unarisa da misdami ndobis
Sedegi iyo is Zalisxmeva, romelic qarTvelma jariskacebma gamoiCines 1921
wlis Tebervlis brZolebSi.
1921 wlis 17 Tebervals, dilis 5 saaTze, samxedro skolis
xelmZRvanelobam miiRo specialuri brZaneba: `samxedro skola saCqarod
gamovides tabaxmelas poziciebze~. am droisaTvis samxedro skolis
gankargulebaSi iyo: 1) 136 qveiTi iunkeri; 2) 10 sainJinro; 3) 5 cxenosanTa
razmi. axladgawveuli jariskacebisagan, romelTac sasrol moedanze
wamecadineba moaswres, Sedgenil iqna sami gundi, saerTo raodenobiT 350
kaci. sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi iqna moyvanili 2 samTo da 2 savele zarbazniani
batareia, sadac daniSnul iqnen iunkrebi. aseve 6 tyviamfrqvevelTa gundi,
aseve, iunkrebis monawileobiT. samxedro skolis xelmZRvanelobam yovelive
amis gakeTeba SeZlo brZanebis miRebidan 6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi (5 sT-dan 11
sT-mde). samxedro skolis iunkerTa ganwyobileba sabrZolo da xalisiani iyo.
11 saaTsa da 30 wuTze samxedro skolis razmi daewyo Semdegnairad:
iunkrebis razmi 115-120 kaci (10-12 tyviamfrqveviT), 3-axalgazrda
jariskacebis razmi( 4 zarbazniT da 6 tyviamfrqveviT). iunkrebi ise
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moulodnelad wavidnen frontze, rom srulebiT ar hqondaT salaSqro
nivTebi. miuxedavad civi zamTrisa, isini Txel farajaSi, xolo jariskacebi
nabdis farajebSi iyvnen Cacmulebi. brZolis monawile iunkeri nikoloz
maTikaSvili igonebs: `... es 20-23 wlis gamouSuSavi axalgazrdebi
dakacebuli da omisaTvis momzadebulni ar iyvnen. arc tansacmeli gaaCndaT
amindis Sesaferi. sazafxulo samoselze Txeli, wylis gaumtari, siTbos
moklebuli xelovnuri italiuri qsovilisagan Sekerili paltoebi gvecva.
Cven tansacmelSi (cxvriTa da matyliT mdidar qveyanaSi), erTi Reri matylic
ar eria. dRisiT, sangrebSi yofnisas, tansacmeli wyliT iJRinTeboda, RamiT
ficrebad iyineboda da iaraRis moxmarebasa da moZraobas gviZnelebda, oRond
gulSi imdeni Zala Segvwevda, rom am siZneleebisaTvis angariSi ar gagviwevia
da mtris yovel moZraobas droze da Sesaferad vxvdebodiT. Cven
suliskveTebaze veraviTari siZnele ver moqmedebda da ver gvasustebda.
sikvdilze arc aravis gvifiqria da arc SegvSinebia. zuzunebdnen tyviebi,
wiodnen irgvliv xelyumbarebi da WurvTa namsxvrevebi, Cven ki sangrebSi
Camalvas sangrebis piras fexze dgomas varCevdiT. Siga da Sig janRi rom
Camowveboda, wre Segvikravs da simRera da cekva wamogviwyia~. 1921 wlis 17
Tebervlis, dRis 12 saaTze, samxedro skolis iunkrebi, meTaurebTan erTad,
gamovidnen skolis ezodan da rusTavelis gamzirisaken gaemarTnen.
rusTavelis gamzirze Sekrebili sazogadoeba maT ovaciebiTa da vaSas
SeZaxilebiT amxnevebda. aleqsandre CxeiZe igonebs: `me ramdenjerme Tvali
gadavavle iunkrebs, mivacqerdi maT saxeebs: _ gamometyveleba hqondaT Rrma
da dinji; maTi gulisyuri Seepyro erT sagans; yvela grZnobda, rom es ar
iqneba mxolod Cveulebrivi brZola, aramed brZola samkvdro-sasicocxlo.
samxedro skolis ganwyobileba hgavda im kacis ganwyobilebas, romelmac
gadawyvita iafad ar gayidos Tavisi sicocxle~. es sabrZolo ganwyobileba
samxedro skolis iunkrebma bolomde SeinarCunes, zogierTi maTgani brZolis
velze darCa, magram im mtkice imediT, rom saqarTvelo damoukidebeli
iqneboda.
samxedro skolas nabrZanebi hqonda, daekavebina Zveli dangreuli sangrebi,
kojridan tabaxmelas gavliT, rac Seadgenda 8 versis siganis fronts.
aRniSnuli teritoria iyo daRaruli da dawyvetili; savse auarebeli xevebiT
da xramebiT, romelic dafaruli iyo tyiT da buCqnariT, yovelive es qmnida
mZime pirobebs, magram aucilebeli iyo jariskacebs rogorme daefaraT
gaSiSvlebuli Tbilisi da gaemagrebinaT frontis xazi. iunkrebis pirvelma
mwyobrma daiWira sangari #3; me-2 mwyobrma sangari #2; me-3 da me-4 mwyobri
datovebuli iqna maSvelSi, botanikuri baRis teritoriaze. axalgazrda
jariskacebis pirvelma gundma daikava sangari #4-5-6 (ixileT: ruka #1).
sangrebisaTvis gamoyofili iqna TiTo-TiTo aTeuli. me-2 mwyobris ufrosma
gamohyo 7 iunkeri da isini #1 sangarSi gagzavna. sangrebi #0 da #00
daukavebeli darCa. 4 zarbazani dayenebuli iqna gorakis ferdobze, baRis win.
danarCeni nawilebi sangrebSi ganTavsdnen. 18 Tebervals, dilis 3 saaTze,
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aleqsandre CxeiZem brZaneba gasca, gamoecvalaT nawilebi sangrebSi. kerZod,
iunkrebis me-3 mwyobrma Secvala pirveli mwyobri #3 sangarSi; me-4 mwyobrma
Secvala me-2 mwyobri #3 sangarSi. axalgazrda jariskacebis pirveli gundi,
Secvala me-2 gundma. moxda garkveuli gadaadgilebebi. Ramem mSvidad Caiara,
miuxedavad sicivisa. yinva 8-9 graduss aRwevda. iunkrebi TavdadebiT
ibrZodnen da ukan ar dauxeviaT. am ambebis TviTmxilveli al. CxeiZe
gadmogvcems: `samxedro istoriaSi gaugonari ambavia! axalgazrda jarikacebi,
romlebmac mxolod ori dRea, rac samxedro forma Caicves, brZolaSi iqnen
gamoyvanilni; magram gamoaSkaravda, rom skolaSi jansaRi suli trialebda;
iunkerTa gundi iyo dasayrdnobi qvakuTxedi; oficrebma, kadris nacvlebma
brwyinvaled SeZles axalgazrda jariskacebSi samxedro sulis ganmtkiceba~.
ruseT-saqarTvelos omis dros samxedro skolis iunkrebi frontze
samSoblos siyvaruliT gulanTebulni miemarTebodnen. samxedro skolis
SenobaSi siCumem daisadgura, radgan skolis aRzrdili mowafeebi frontis
xazze icavdnen qveynis Rirsebas. pirtitvela iunkrebi didebisaken simReriT
miiswrafodnen. erT-erTi iunkeris gadmocemiT, isini xSirad mRerodnen am
sabrZolo simReras:
`visac mouklvs is mohklavs
nadirsa, Savis tyisasa...~
1921 wlis 18 Tebervals, samxedro Stabma cudi ambavi miiRo:
bolSevikebma ieriSi miitanes soRanluRze; demokratiuli respublikis
mTavrobis gvardiis erTi aTaseuli sangrebidan ise gaipara, rom Tofic ar
gausvria. sabednierod, gvardiis mezoblad mdgomi sadarajo aTaseuli
mtkiced ibrZoda, ris gamoc bolSevikebma ver SeZles esargeblaT frontis
garRveviT da iZulebuli iyvnen Seteva SeeCerebin. gaTenebisas gamoCndnen
xevebSi Casafrebuli bolSevikebi. jaris nawilebi, general kvinitaZis
meTaurobiT, Setevaze gadavidnen da pirvel warmatebas miaRwies, javSnosani
matareblis daxmarebiT tyved aiyvanes 1. 500 bolSeviki. Tbilisi zeimobda am
gamarjvebas.
samxedro skolis iunkrebis marcxena frTasa da general mazniaSvilis
razms Soris didi Sualedis gamo, 18 Tebervals, diliT generalma
aleqsandre CxeiZem iunkrebis pirveli da meore mwyobri ufro marcxniv
gadaswia.
samxedro skolis organizaciis wesdebis Sesabamisad, 17 Tebervals
mTavarsardlis brZanebiT, aleqsandre CxeiZe dainiSna skolis ufrosad,
generali andronikaSvili ki dainiSna mTeli frontis ufrosad, romelic
kojramde grZeldeboda. mZime klimaturi pirobebis gamo, sangrebSi mdgomi
nawilebi dRe-RameSi orjer icvleboda. iunkrebis ori mwyobri ki yovelTvis
maSvelSi iyo, axalgazrda jariskacebis gasamagreblad. axalgazrda iunkerTa
10 kacian inJinrebs daevalaT kavSiris mowyoba; cxenosnebi samsaxurs eweodnen
general andronikaSvilis StabSi. samuSao maT bevri hqondaT, vinaidan fronti
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didi iyo da telefoniT kavSiri jer kidev ar iyo mowyobili. 18 Tebervals,
saRamos, iunkerTa poziciebze gasamxneveblad avidnen saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomare noe Jordania, samxedro
ministri da mTavarsardali.
19 Tebervals diliT, #2 da #3 sangrebSi imyofebodnen iunkrebis me-3
da me-4 mwyobri; #4-5-6 sangrebi ekava axalgazrda jariskacebis me-2 gunds.
#1 sangarSi iyvnen iunkrebi tyviamfrqvevelebiT, maT xelmZRvanelobda
leitenanti erisTavi, romelic gamoirCeoda simamaciT. tabaxmelis poziciebze
aleqsandre CxeiZesTan mivida me-2 brigadis 5 oficeri, romelTa nawilebi
bambakis xeobaSi iqna ganadgurebuli bolSevikebis mier; maT TxovniT mimarTes
skolis ufross brZola gaegrZelebinaT iunkerTa rigebSi. eseni iyvnen:
leitenanti qavTaraZe, artileristi _ leitenanti erisTavi, metyviamfrqveve
_ leitenanti suluxia, ufrosi leitenanti baramiZe da leitenanti
TavzeraZe. aleqsandre CxeiZem isini miiRo iunkerTa rigebSi. maTi Txovna
ganpirobebuli iyo im didi avtoritetiT, riTac qarTuli samxedro skola
sargebloda, rogorc xalxSi, aseve jariskacebSi.
20 Tebervals, dilis 8 saaTze, movida cnoba sofel vaSlovanisa da
kumisis win mtris qveiTi jaris gamoCenis Sesaxeb. mterma farTo frontiT
Seutia iunkerTa sangrebs. gansakuTrebiT, SesamCnevi iyo mtris erTi nawilis
moZraoba vaSlovanidan Crdilo-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT kojorze; iunkerTa
sangrebis pirdapir ki aqtiurad utevda sabrZolo mwyobrSi gaSlili mtris
qveiTi jari. maiorma baxutaSvilma cecxli gauxsna mtris winmomaval
nawilebs, ramac areuloba Seitana maTSi.
generali aleqsandre CxeiZe, cxeniT gaemarTa #4 sangrisaken, sadac
imyofeboda axalgazrda jariskacebis me-2 gundi. pirveli gundi maSvel
razmSi iyo. mtris artileria ukve uSenda #4 sangrebs. aleqsandre CxeiZe
igonebs: `CamovqveiTdi da gaviare sangrebSi; Zalian mainteresebda axalgazrda
jariskacebis suliskveTeba; STabeWdileba miviRe pirdapir sasixarulo!
araviTari SiSi maT saxeze! gamometyveleba hqondaT gonieri, Tumca daWimuli,
magram sruliad mSvidi. rodesac ki vinmes raime SevekiTxe, moindoma fexze
adgoma. Zalauneburad gavifiqre: _ ex, amecadine eseni erTi weliwadi, maSin
pirdapir lomebi iqnebian... !~
miuxedavad imisa, rom axalgazrda iunkrebs ar dascaldaT srulyofili
sabrZolo momzadeba gaevloT samxedro skolaSi, isini mainc mamacurad
ibrZodnen da ukan ar dauxeviaT yvelaze rTul momentSic ki. rodesac
maSveli gundis marcxena frTas mtris tyvia daeca, ganapira jariskacma
kontuzia miiRo, erTi ki daiWra. moulodnelad meore yumbara maSvelTa
gundidan 15 nabijis manZilze davarda, Tumca arc erTi jariskaci ar
daZrula adgilidan da sabrZolo pozicia ar dautovebia. qarTveli iunkrebis
mamacobiT aRfrTovanebuli generali aleqsandre CxeiZe, guldajerebuli
gaemarTa samxedro batareisaken, mas Seegebnen oficrebi: maiori ananiaSvili,
kap. maWavariani da kap. Savdia. maT ainteresebdaT al. CxeiZisagan gaegoT, Tu
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rogor grZnobdnen Tavs frontze axalgazrda jariskacebi. isini al. CxeiZis
cxenTan iyvnen Sejgufulni, rodesac gaisma gasrola, mtris tyviam maior
ananiaSvilis gulSi gaiara da iqve gaaTava. igi pirvelad iyo omSi da
brZolis dawyebis pirvelive saaTebSi mokles.
male SulaverTan gamoCnda mtris cxenosani mwyobri. maior baxutaSvilis
mier nasroli pirvelive yumbara mtris razmis SuagulSi Cavarda da maSinve
gafanta isini. iunkerTa postebze mdgomi zarbaznidan 150 nabijze marjvena
mxareze, miwidan maRla iyo amoSverili samijne qva (ix: #1 rukaze #510). es
qva kargad Canda mowinaaRmdegis poziciebidan, radgan mterma mizanSi amoiRo,
mTeli brZolebis ganmavlobaSi am qvas dauzogavad glejda da sruliad
gadaTxara irgvliv miwa. miuxedavad amisa, qva amayad idga Tavis adgilze,
TiTqos samxedro skolis sulis simtkicis simbolo yofiliyo. male,
brZolis bedi saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis jarebis sasikeTod
Setrialda. daaxloebiT 12 saaTze, mowinaaRmdegis moieriSe nawilebi
miuaxlovdnen iunkerTa sangrebs, isini daaxloebiT oras nabijze iyvnen, roca
leitenantma erisTavma maT #1 sangridan tyviamfrqvevelebis frTuli cecxli
Seageba da mtris 23 gvami erT adgilas daalaga. mtris Seteva mogeriebuli
iqna. maTi ieriSis ukugdebaSi monawileoba miiRes aseve, iunkrebis me-3 da me-
4 mwyobrma, #2-3 sangrebidan. mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi ar Sewyvetila mtris
ieriSi. mtris mosagerieblad saWiro Seiqmna kidev erTi mwyobris gagzavna.
maSvelSi darCa iunkrebis mxolod erTi patara mwyobri. 18 Tebervals,
saRamos, aleqsandre CxeiZis gankargulebaSi gadavida me-10-e aTaseuli,
polkovnik saginaSvilis meTaurobiT. me-10-e aTaseulis gundebi ZiriTadad
Cayenebuli iqnen frontis Ria adgilebSi, maT daikaves #0 da#00 sangrebi
(ixileT #1 rukaze). maTi erTi gundi Cadga marcxena frTaze 36 sangarSi.
daaxloebiT 13 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, kojris aRmosavleT napirze gamoCnda
bolSevikebis jarebi, erT aTaseulamde. maT daikaves sof. wavkisi da
gaemarTnen mTavrobis jarebis zurgisaken, general andronikaSvilis Stabis
mimarTulebiT. duqani, sadac maTi Stabi iyo moTavsebuli, mtris cecxlis
alSi moeqca. Seiqmna kritikuli da damafiqrebeli mdgomareoba. kojris
damcveli me-4 aTaseulis gundebi damarcxebuli iqnen im bolSevikebTan
brZolaSi, romlebic TeTri duqnidan utevdnen. me-4 aTaseulis gundebma
daixies mama daviTis mTis mimarTulebiT da sruliad daucveli datoves
iunkrebis zurgSi mimavali gza. generali andronikaSvili mZime mdgomareobaSi
aRmoCnda. man iunker miqaZis piriT Semdegi Sinaarsis sityvieri brZaneba
gaugzavna general aleqsandre CxeiZes: `bolSevikebi Camodian kojoridan
zurgSi, Stabi ukve cecxlis qveS imyofeba; amisaTvis gen. andronikaSvili
ubrZanebs skolas da me-10 aTaseuls, daixion ukan~. gen. al. CxeiZe igonebs:
`Cems SekiTxvaze: _ saiT brZana generalma ukan daxeva? iunkerma miqaZem maCvena
marjvena xeliT CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT, mama daviTis mTaze. brZanebis
miRebis dros CemTan iyvnen maiori gardafxaZe da kap. maWavariani. jer kidev
brZanebamde, kojorze vxedavdi bolSevikur Zalebs da kargad Sevafase Cveni
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mdgomareoba. kritikuli mdgomareoba Seiqmna aramc Tu marto Cveni
razmisaTvis, aramed mTeli umTavresi miznisaTvis, _ TbilisisaTvis...~
generali aleqsandre CxeiZe mZime situaciaSi aRmoCnda. am faqtTan
dakavSirebiT igi wers: `napoleonoba ar iyo saWiro imis gamosarkvevad, rom:
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu me brZanebas avasrulebdi, im saRamosve Tbilisi
bolSevikebis mier iqneboda dakavebuli da Cveni jarebis didi nawili
gzagadaWrili aRmoCndeboda. daviwyebdi Tu ara Cemi nawilebis brZolidan
gamoyvanas da mtris frTuli da zurgis cecxlis qveS ukan daxevas,
darwmunebuli unda vyofiliyavi imaSi, rom mama daviTis mTaze marto
iunkrebs miviyvandi; danarCeni yvelaferi erTmaneTSi aireoda da Tbilisisaken
Tavqve daeSveboda... Cveni ubnis datovebis Semdeg, bolSevikebi swrafad
daikavebdnen mas. vinaidan am dros daJinebiT mohqondaT Cvenze ieriSebi;
aSkaraa, maT icodnen kojorSi gamarjvebis Sesaxeb da Cveni ubnis dakavebiTac
undodaT Tbilisis bedi gadaewyvitaT. yvelaferi es naTlad mqonda
warmodgenili da gancvifrebuli davrCi, gen. andronikaSvilma Tu rogor
gadawyvita aseTi nabijis gadadgma. mozRvavda mwveli gancdebi da fiqrma
gamitaca. warmovidgine, rom samxedro istorikosi TbilisTan brZolis
aRweris dros dawers: _kritikul wuTebSi samxedro skolis razmma daagdo
Tavisi poziciebi da daixia mama daviTis mTaze, ris Sedegad bolSevikebma
daikaves tabaxmela da aqedan Sevardnen TbilisSi.... ara! es ar iqneba
istoriaSi ase dawerili _gadavwyvite. fiqrebi icvleboda elvis siswrafiT...
momagonda samxedro istoriidan SemTxvevebi, rodesac jaris nawilebi
wiravdnen Tavs armiis dasaxsnelad! mivubrundi da damSvidebulad vuTxari
miqaZes: _ gadaeci generals, rom am brZanebas ver avasruleb da exlave moval
mosalaparakeblad. nestor gardafxaZes ganvucxade, rom araviTar SemTxvevaSi
ukan ar davixev!~.
aleqsandre CxeiZe urTules mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda: erTis mxriv, is
movale iyo aResrulebina mTavarsardlis brZaneba, meores mxriv, kargad
icoda, rom ukandaxeva Tbilisis dakargvas niSnavda. generalma brZolis
gagrZeleba arCia da ubrZana maior baxutaSvils, moebrunebina savele
zarbaznebi ukan da gaexsna cecxli, xolo kapitan qarumiZes daavala
Camoegorebina samTo zarbaznebi zemodan da daeyenebina botanikuri baRisa da
sofel tabaxmelas Sua, Tavad ki general andronikaSvilTan wavida, raTa is
gadaerwmunebina, ar daexiaT ukan. mas kargad hqonda gacnobierebuli Seqmnili
situacia, magram iunkrebis sabrZolo suliskveTebaze, mxolod imaze
fiqrobda, rom eris winaSe es pirtitvela biWebi pirnaTelni yofiliyvnen: `...
Tu Tbiliss ver gadavarCendiT, es Tavganwirva xom mainc sargeblobas
moutans momavali axalgazrdobis aRzrdas da skolis pativs ixsnis. erTi
wuTiT warmoidgineT, rom samxedro skola yofiliyo Tbilisis daRupvis
mizezi... saSinelia amis warmodgenac ki!~
general andronikaSvilTan Sexvedram, al. CxeiZe kidev ufro daarwmuna
sakuTari gadawyvetilebis sisworeSi: ukan daxeva sikvdilis tolfasi
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iqneboda. rogorc gamoirkva, gen. andronikaSvilis es gadawyvetileba
gamowveuli iyo Seqmnili situaciiT, mas brZaneba mTavarsardlisagan ar
miuRia. is imyofeboda Tavis StabSi da ver xedavda jars, ver grZnobda
skolis iunkerTa gamobrZmedil mebrZol suls, maT sabrZolo ganwyobas. al.
CxeiZe mis Sesaxeb gadmogvcems, rom is bunebiT imdenad rbili adamiani iyo,
ver poulobda Tavis arsebaSi nebisyofas, raTa moeTxova Tavisi
jariskacebisaTvis, ueWveli daRupvis miuxedavad, damdgariyvnen da
daRupuliyvnen. generalma aseTi pasuxi misca al. CxeiZes: `_ Cemo kargo, Tu
Sen xedav gamosavals, imoqmede Cqara da didi madlobeli viqnebi!~
sabolood, al. CxeiZem gadawyvetileba miiRo, gaegrZelebinaT brZola.
aRniSnul faqtTan dakavSirebiT, is wers: `_ me mivdivar! _ vupasuxe
(saubaria gen. andronikaSvilze) da movabrune cxeni baRisaken. aqedan
gamoviyvane iunkerTa me-2 mwyobri, romelsac im dros oficeri ar hyavda da
wavedi Senobisaken oficris dasaniSnavad; am dros saxlidan gadmoxta da win
Semomegeba kap. ToiZe, _ inJineri. davuWire xeli, vaCvene da avuxseni
mdgomareoba da gavagzavne mwyobriT duqnisaken. zarbaznebs vubrZane cecxli
aeCqarebinaT; nestor gardafxaZes vubrZane, moexsna sangrebidan da duqanTan
moeyvana axalgazrda jariskacebis 1-li gundi. amas garda moxerxda, gamogveyo
me-10 aTaseulidan naxevari gundi, romelsac ufrosobda imave aTaseulis
kapitani qarumiZe, gamoCenili da guladi oficeri~.
al. CxeiZem kargad icoda, rom mis xelT arsebuli ZalebiT ver SeZlebda
kojris ganTavisuflebas bolSevikebisagan, Tumca Tvlida, rom brZolis
gagrZelebas azri mainc hqonda, Tundac imitom, rom sapasuxo Setevis Semdeg,
verc bolSevikebi igrZnobdnen Tavs gamarjvebulad. generali fiqrobda, rom
maTi mxridan, Tundac susti kontr-ieriSebi, mowinaaRmdeges SeaCerebda, rac
Tbilisis damcvelebs Zalebis mokrebaSi daexmareboda. iunkeri nikoloz
maTikaSvili igonebs: `mze Casvlaze iyo, TovliT dafarul kojris maRlobze
rom avediT. maSinaTve polk. CxeiZis miTiTebiT poziciebis dakavebas da
mowyobas SevudeqiT. saqme arc ise advili iyo. cioda. TovliT dafarul,
Rrmad gayinul miwis sangrebad da Znel misadgom poziciebad gadaqceva did
jafas moiTxovda. Cven, mesame oceuls, marcxena frTaze moxvda poziciebi.
Tvalwin maRlobs amofarebuli tabaxmela iyo, marcxniv soRanluRisken
daqanebuli ferdobi. oceuls ganagebda leitenanti andronikaSvili da misi
TanaSemwe, ufroskurseli iunkeri gelaSvili. Cven marjvniv poziciebi daikava
pirvelma oceulma, leitenant ToiZis TaosnobiT...~
al. CxeiZis razmi Setevaze gadavida. me-10 aTaseulidan gamoyofili
naxevari gundi wavida marjvniv, iunkrebi _ marcxniv. adgili, saidanac
naxevari gundi ieriSze unda gadasuliyo, dafaruli iyo borcvebiT, iunkrebi
ki utevdnen sufTa TovliT dafenil Ria adgilze. jariskacebi arc erTxel
ar dawolilan, ise gaiares cecxlis qveS. es moraluri dartyma
bolSevikebisaTvis cecxlze Zlieri iyo. isini medgrad ekveTnen mters da
100-120 nabijze cecxli gaxsnes. swored, am dros, bolSevikebis tyviam
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imsxverpla kapitani qarumiZe, romelic me-10 aTaseulis naxevar gundSi
ibrZoda; iunkrebis mwyobrSi ki kapitani ToiZe gamoasalmes sicocxles. amis
Semdeg naxevarma gundma ukan daiwia, gasworda da SeCerda. bolSevikebi
xiStebiT gadavidnen ieriSze, sul raRac 23 iunkeris winaaRmdeg. iunkrebma,
Semdgomi winsvlis mizniT, daiwyes ukan daxeva, moimarjves adgili da cecxli
gauxsnes mowinaaRmdeges. artileristebi pirdapiri damiznebiT isrodnen. es
iyo erTi muWa, Tavganwiruli jariskacebis winaaRmdegoba, ramac aiZula
bolSevikebi TavianT Tovlis sangrebSi gaqceuliyvnen. swored, am dros
movida mTavarsardal giorgi kvinitaZis Semdegi Sinaarsis telefonograma:
`_ gamagrdiT, rogorc ar unda iyos, viReb yovel zomas!~ marTlac,
mTavarsardalma miiRo yvela zomebi jariskacTa dasaxmareblad da kojris
gasamagreblad: Tbilisidan avtomobiliT waiyvanes me-5 aTaseuli; mama daviTis
mTaze funikulioriT aiyvanes gvardiis aTaseuli; sofel bebuTovkaSi
gaigzavna gvardielebis erTi aTaseuli, kojorze zurgidan Semosatevad; gen.
mazniaSvilisagan, TeleTis qediT, gaigzavna 1-li aTaseuli polk.
gegelaSvilis meTaurobiT, gaigzavna aseve, gvardiis erTi aTaseuli. kojorSi
misvlisas jaris nawilebma gen. al. CxeiZisagan miiRes saWiro cnobebi
frontze arsebul situaciasTan dakavSirebiT. maT nabrZanebi hqondaT,
moegrovebinaT me-2 mwyobridan darCenili iunkrebi. al. CxeiZis cnobiT,
daWril-mokluli iyo 8 iunkeri da kap. ToiZe. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT
iunkeri nikoloz maTikaSvili igonebs: `skolis marjvena frTaze bolSevikTa
mozrdilma jgufma maRlobi gadmolaxa da `uras~ ZaxiliT leitenant ToiZis
oceuls Seutia. leitenanti ToiZe ukuieriSiT miegeba. mterma xelCarTuls
brZolas ver gauZlo, piri ibruna da ukan daixia, velze ki datoves daWril-
daxocilebi. iqve darCa leitenant ToiZis gvami da ramdenime iunkrisa. maSin
iyo, rom tabaxmelis mTavari gmiri polk. CxeiZe omis msvlelobas Tvals ar
aSorebda, brZaneba gasca mis gverdiT mdgomi ori zarbazani gamoegorebinaT da
win mimavali bolSevikebisaTvis pirdapiri cecxli gaeCinaT. ramdenime niSanSi
nasroli yumbara leit. ToiZis ukuieriSTan erTad sakmarisi gamodga mtris
ukan gasabruneblad. erTi da ori ar iyo aseTi SemTxveva, magram iunkerTa
xazi versad gaarRvies. ver uSveles amas verc baqodan Camoyvanilma
kursantebma, verc boris ZnelaZem∗, romlis `damsaxurebis~ aRsaniSnavad
Zeglia aRmarTuli TbilisSi...~
iunkrebis marjvena frTaze, general andronikaSvilis sardlobiT ibrZoda
meoTxe qveiTi jaris polki, meoTxe gvardiis aTaseuli Sesabamisi
artileriiT da cxenosanTa nawilebiT. raki jaris nawilebi ukve adgilze
iyvnen, al. CxeiZem TxovniT mimarTa gen. andronikaSvils, Tundac erTi RamiT,
saSualeba miecaT samxedro skolis iunkrebisaTvis daesvenaT. generali
daeTanxma mas. al. CxeiZis ubani Caibara polk. gegelaSvilma. iunkrebi sofel
SindisSi iqnen gadayvanilni dasvenebis mizniT. 20 Tebervals, diliT, al.
CxeiZe iRebs axal brZanebas: saswrafod waeyvana iunkrebi #2 da #3
sangrebze misaSveleblad, sadac Camdgari iyo gvardia da me-3 aTaseuli.
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iunkrebs brZola uwevdaT 4-5-jer meti raodenobis mtris ZalebTan. iyo
SemTxvevebi, rodesac 20-25 kacisagan Semdgari iunkerTa razmi ukuaqcevda win
mwyobriT momaval mters. kojorSi kapitan Savdias meTaurobiT iunkrebi
Setevaze gadavidnen da ukan daibrunes sangrebi. diliT, mogeriebuli iqna
mowinaaRmdegis sami ieriSi. didi iyo danakargi. daWril-daxocil iunkerTa
raodenoba 25-s aRemateboda. sangrebis win bolSevikebma kondaxebiT daCeCqves
iunkeri kezeli. ori dRis ganmavlobaSi, mowinaaRmdeges gaafrTebuli ieriSi
mihqonda iunkrebis mier gamagrebul gorakze. aRniSnuli gorakis xelSi
Cagdebis mizniT, mterma am mimarTulebiT gagzavna aTaseuli 4 zarbazniT,
samxedro skolis iunkerTa marjvena frTis #00 sangrebis avliT,
Sulaveridan kojorze; iunkrebis razmma, al. CxeiZis meTaurobiT, Semdeg
samxedro manevrs mimarTa: Setevaze gadmosuli bolSevikebis armia sangrebTan
Zalian axlos miuSva, Semdeg cecxli gauxsna da ase ukuaqcia #00
sangrebidan. bolSevikebma brZolis velze datoves 4 savele zarbazani, aseve,
patara javSnosani vaznebiT da gaiqcnen. am dros, #00 sangrebSi idga me-10
aTaseulis gundi. miuxedavad gancdili marcxisa, bolSevikebi ganagrZnobdnen
ieriSebs da mxolod 21 Tebervals diliT, daaxloebiT 10 saaTze, datoves
poziciebi da sagrZnob manZilze ukan daixies. mtris qveiTi jari aRarsad
Canda, artileriis cecxlis miuxedavad, dRem mSvidad Caiara.
20 Tebervals, moagroves ieriSis dros daxocili iunkrebis cxedrebi.
ver ipoves ToiZis gvami. Setevis dros al. CxeiZe imyofeboda samTo
zarbaznebTan da WogritiT garkveviT dainaxa ToiZis adgilsamyofeli, sadac
is brZolis dros daeca. swored, am adgilze mianiSna man kap. sulxaniSvils,
rac mas daexmara cxenosan iunkrebTan erTad moeZebnaT ToiZis gvami. mas
mucelSi hqonda tyvia moxvedrili da Semdeg dartymuli hqonda xiSti.
21 Tebervals, brZolis gagrZeleba, mxolod axali Zalebis Sevsebis
Semdeg gaxdeboda SesaZlebeli. im nawilebze, romlebmac brZolis dros didi
danaklisi ganicades da moqanculni iyvnen, imedis damyareba saxifaTo iyo.
gen. kvinitaZe axalcixidan moeloda me-11 da me-12 aTaseulebs, ris Semdegac
SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda Setevaze gadasvla. 21 Tebervals, im ubanze, sadac
iunkrebi imyofebodnen mivida maior Crdilelis batareia da daiWira
sabrZolo poziciebi. maiori Crdileli energiuli da Seudrekeli oficeri
iyo. mogvianebiT igi bolSevikebma daxvrites TbilisSi. dasaxmareblad mivida
agreTve maior maxaraZis batareiis erTi mwyobri, gogi mesxiSvilis
meTaurobiT.
bolSevikebma mTeli TavianTi Zalebi tabaxmelaze gadmoisroles, vinaidan
isini miiCnevdnen, rom tabaxmela iyo mTavari poziciis gasaRebi.
mTavarsardalma gen. kvinitaZem artileriiT gaaZliera Tavisi poziciebi.
22 Tebervals, TiTqmis yvelgan siwynare iyo. drogamoSvebiT ismoda
artileriis gasrola da aqa-iq Tofis xma. bolSevikebma soflebSi _
vaSlovansa da kumisSi, Seafares Tavi. iunkerTa rigebSi daWrili iyo ori
oficeri _ leitenanti erisTavi da leitenanti andronikaSvili, romelic
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samxedro skolaSi biblioTekis gamged muSaobda da frontze skolis
iunkrebTan erTad wavida sakuTari neba-surviliT. is aRmoCnda mamaci da
gabeduli oficeri. brZolis dros daiWra gverdSi gamavali WrilobiT.
gen. al. CxeiZe wavida gen. andronikaSvilis StabSi da masTan erTad
Seudga samxedro nawilebis dawyobas da gadajgufebas. #6-dan #000
sangramde idgnen sxvadasxva nawilebis gundebi, erTmaneTSi saSinlad areulni.
gadawyda maTi aTaseulebad Sekreba da ubnebze ganawileba. iq imyofebodnen 1-
li aTaseuli, me-5 aTaseuli, me-10 aTaseuli, aseve, gvardiis erTi aTaseuli
da samxedro skolis iunkrebi. aRniSnuli nawilebi, SeZlebisdagvarad
moyvanilni iqnen sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi. mowesrigda agreTve yumbarebisa da
vaznebis ganawilebac.
general andronikaSvils uZneles pirobebSi uxdeboda muSaoba. duqanSi,
sadac is idga, moTavsebuli iyo 7 telefonis sadguri. mas telefonTan
iTxovdnen yovel wuTs. ar hyavda arc erTi TanaSemwe. mogvianebiT StabSi
mividnen polk. gogitiZe da leitenanti gociriZe.
22 Tebervlis saRamos, Tbilisidan StabSi mivida samxedro skolis
oficeri kapitani yifiani da miiyvana rezervidan mowveuli 50-60 jariskaci.
rezervistebma kargi STabeWdileba ver datoves al. CxeiZeze, maT Sesaxeb is
werda: `erTimeoreze saZageli iyvnen, raRac nayari xalxi~. mogvianebiT misi
varaudi gamarTlda. amaze cota qvemoT visaubrebT.
imave saRamos, al. CxeiZem #1 sangridan miiRo cnoba, rom gvardielebma
sakuTari nebiT miatoves sangari #0, romelic carieli darCa. gvardielebis
mier brZolis velis mitovebas, sxva qarTveli generlebic adastureben. maTi
adgilis dakaveba ebrZana kap. yifians rezervistebTan erTad. samxedro skolis
iunkrebi maSvel ZalaSi iyvnen. iunkrebs nabrZanebi hqondaT, aseve
gvardielebis meTvalyureoba, radgan RamiT isini sangrebs tovebdnen da
zurgSi midiodnen. iunkrebi aiZulebdnen gvardielebs, kvlav sangrebSi
dabrunebas. samwuxarod, miuxedavad imisa, rom gvardielebi, romlebic
ibrZodnen yvela did omSi, ufro gamocdilebi iyvnen armiis jariskacebze,
xSirad tovebdnen sangrebs, riTac mtris wisqvilze asxamdnen wyals.
23 Tebervals, dRisiT, didi brZolebi ar yofila, ZiriTadad adgili
hqonda patara Setakebebs. saRamos mterma Semoutia #0 da #00 sangrebs.
dasawyisSi, kap. yifianma 50-60 rezervistTan erTad SeZlo ramodenimejer
moegeriebina mtris Semoteva. bolos veRar gauZlo Zlier dartymas, radgan
saRamos, rezervistebi brZolis velidan gaiqcnen. sasowarkveTilebaSi myofma
kap. yifianma nagani iZro da oTxi tyvia dairtya mkerdze. pirvelma tyviam
marcxena gverdi gaitana da iqve waiqca, magram dasustebuli xeliT kidev
ganagrZobda srolas sakuTar mkerdSi, vidre revolveri ar gamostaca
xelidan masTan erTad myofma kadris nacvalma, misma aRzrdilma, romelmac ar
miatova da masTan erTad darCa sangarSi. kap. yifians aRmoaCnda ori Wriloba,
ori tyviiT gaxvretili hqonda marto faraja, mkerdis dazianebiT. sanaxavad
misul al. CxeiZes man ganucxada: ` _ batono polkovniko, me ver Sevasrule
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Tqveni brZaneba da exla yvelas SeuZlia Tqvas, rom kapitan yifians brZolaSi
jariskacebi gamoeqcnen!~ samwuxarod, brZolis dros aseT faqtebsac hqonda
adgili.
kap. yifianis Tavganwirva samagaliTo gaxda samxedro skolis
iunkrebisaTvis, romelTac win mniSvnelovani brZolebi elodaT.
dadga 24 Tebervali _ qarTuli samxedro skolis da misi oficrebis
gmirobisa da didebis dRe!
ori dRis ganmavlobaSi Camovardnilma siwynarem, samxedro skolis
iunkrebs da maT meTaurebs dasvenebis saSualeba misca. 24 Tebervlis brZolas
isini ricxobrivad mcire, magram suliT Zlierni Sexvdnen. bolSevikebi
elodnen axali Zalebis Sevsebas, maT Soris kursantebis skolas baqodan
(gavixsenoT, rom am dros Aazerbaijani ukve bolSevikebis xelSi iyo).
aRniSnuli Zalebi, bolSevikebma 24 Tebervals gagzavnes tabaxmelis
mimarTulebiT, qarTuli samxedro skolis iunkrebis winaaRmdeg. qarTveli
iunkrebis gverdiT gmirulad ibrZoda erovnebiT somexi iunkeri meliq
somxianci, romelic saqarTvelos damoukideblobis erTguli darCa bolomde,
emigraciaSi gahyva qarTvel samxedroebs da bolos inglisSi dasaxlda.
24 Tebervals, diliT #2, 3 sangrebi (ix. ruka #2) eWiraT axalgazrda
gundebs, iunkrebi imyofebodnen botanikur baRSi, maSvel ZalaSi. iunkerTa
gundSi 136 kacidan, inJinrebis mimatebiT, darCa mxolod 85-90 kacamde; meore
mwyobri, 19 Tebervlis mZime brZolebis Semdeg daiSala, darCa mxolod 1-li,
me-3 da me-4 mwyobri. dilidanve mterma artileriis Zlieri cecxli gaxsna
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. jer kidev 23 Tebervals, leitenantma
mesxiSvilma, Tavis zarbaznebs adgili gamoucvala gorakze da daayena baRis
cota aRmosavleTiT, bilikze _ #4 sangrebis ukan. bolSevikebi mTeli ZaliT
utevdnen, ramdenjerme gadavidnen ieriSze, magram ver uZlebdnen sawinaaRmdego
dartymebs da uku-iqceodnen. maSveli Zalebis miRebis Semdeg, isev gadadiodnen
ieriSze. gaafrTebuli brZola, gaTenebidan gvian Ramemde gagrZelda. mteri
400-600 fexis nabijze uaxlovdeboda xan erT sangars, xan meores. maT
ukuagdebdnen, Tumca axal-axali maSveli ZalebiT kvlav gaZlierebulni,
sangrebisaken isev miiwevdnen. bolSevikebi cecxlis qveS Tavdauzogavad
gaiWrnen win. sawinaaRmdego ieriSebis Sedegad, isini mravaljer iqnen
ukuqceulni. bolos naSuadRevs, bolSevikebma mizans miaRwies, gaarRvies
winaaRmdegoba, Sevardnen #4-e sangarSi, romelic pirvel aTaseuls ekava (ix.
naxazi #2). gorakze amosuli bolSevikebi aRmoCndnen leitenant mesxiSvilis
zarbaznebTan da miscvivdnen zarbaznebs asaRebad, eseni iyvnen baqos skolis
kursantebi, romlebic bolSevikebis dasaxmareblad gaigzavnen. sruliad
axalgazrda ymawvilma, leitenantma mesxiSvilma aq gamoiCina gmiroba; man
gadawyvita momkvdariyo zarbaznebTan, Semoikriba Tavisi batareis jariskacebi,
iZro xmali, Tavganwiruli gambedaobiT ekveTa mters da dauwyo Cexva. mteri
fiqrobda, rom mizans miaRwia: aiRo me-4 sangari, frontis xazi gaarRvia,
Tumca mTavari winaaRmdegoba maT jer kidev win elodaT, radgan qarTuli
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samxedro skolis iunkrebs, jer ar eTqvaT TavianTi sityva! iqve
maxloblad, botanikur baRSi myofi iunkrebi aqtiurad adevnebdnen Tvals
brZolis mimdinareobas da TavianT dros elodnen. rodesac baqos skolis
kursantebi, bolSevikebTan erTad Sevardnen #4 sangarSi, maSvelSi myofi,
qarTuli samxedro skolis iunkrebi am baRidan ukve gamodiodnen. xolo im
dros, rodesac baqos skolis kursantebi Seetaknen leit. mesxiSvilis
batareis jariskacebs, mtris zurgTan ukve `vaSas~ SeZaxilebiT miiwevdnen win
qarTuli samxedro skolis iunkrebi. maT win miuZRodaT mamaci oficrebi: _
Savdia, xoStaria da CoCua. gaimarTa uTanasworo brZola. xiStebi, kondaxebi,
revolverebi, xmlebi erTmaneTSi ireodnen. baqos skolis kursantebi medgrad
Sexvdnen qarTveli iunkrebis Setevas. maTi xuTqimiani varskvlavis
brwyinvaleba droebiT, Tumca mainc daCrdila TeTri giorgis elvarebam.
iunkrebi gaiqcnen ukan me-4 sangrebis mimarTulebiT. swored, am dros
gorakze, sangarTan gamoCnda kursantebis tyviamfrqvevi. ukan gaqceuli mteri,
tyviamfrqveviT Suaze gayofili, gaifanta marjvniv da marcxniv da gza
gauxsna Zlier cecxls. am dros mtris tyviamfrqvevma dauSina axalgazrda
iunkrebs Ria mindorze, 100-120 nabijis manZilidan. iunkrebma gadawyvites,
radac ar unda dajdomodaT xelSi CaegdoT tyviamfrqvevi. me-3 mwyobri kap.
CoCuas meTaurobiT tyviamfrqvevisaken gaeqana; jer ar miaxlovebodnen, rom
kap. CoCua daeca daWrili. iunkrebi win miiwevdnen, romelTac win miuZRoda
fexburTSi ganTqmuli, fexmardi Salva erisTavi. maT moaxerxes da xelSi
Caigdes mtris tyviamfrqvevi. oficeri, romelic tyviamfrqvevs umiznebda,
mokluli iqna S. erisTavis mier, Tumca isic iqve daeca mtris tyviiT
gangmiruli. iunkrebma moaxerxes sangrebis kvlav xelSi Cagdeba. brZolis
mimdinareobas Tvals adevnebdnen al. CxeiZe da gen. andronikaSvili. am
brZolaSi qarTuli samxedro skolis raindobis da sidiadis simbolur
suraTad darCa tyviamfrqvTan gangmiruli Salva erisTavi. tabaxmelis ieriSis
dros, bolSevikebis mier mokluli iqnen iunkrebi: Salva erisTavi, oTar
lorTqifaniZe, ioseb jandieri, daWrili iqna 15-mde iunkeri. tabaxmelas
sangrebze ieriSebi mTeli dRis manZilze gagrZelda. qarTuli samxedro
skolis iunkrebi miuxedavad mcirericxovnobis, medgrad ibrZodnen da mters
ar nebdebodnen, ar aviwydebodaT Tu visi gorisani iyvnen, maT sabrZolo
rigebSi warsuli gmirebis aCrdili SfoTavda, rac matebdaT Zalebs da
sabrZolod ganawyobdaT. brZolis velze daiWrnen oficrebi: Savdia, CoCua,
xoStaria. 24 Tebervals, sul brZolis velze daWril-daxocili iyo 35
iunkeri. TiTo mwyobrSi darCa 10-12 kaci. miuxedavad amisa samxedro skolis
iunkrebs ukan ar dauxeviaT da sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde ibrZoles. al.
CxeiZe, romelic iunkrebTan erTad ibrZoda igonebs: `...dRe iyo saSineli,
magram sadidebeli da savse Tavganwiruli saqmiT. bolSevikebma yvelaferi
gadmoisroles brZolaSi; gamwarebulad da uSiSrad moiwevdnen win da
kvdebodnen, magram yvela maTi mquxared movardnili talRa imsxvreoda
tabaxmelis gmirTa mkerdze ise, rogorc zRvis talRebi pitalo kldeze. dRe
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iqca istoriulad. gadamwyvet WidilSi Cven gavimarjveT. gamarjveba iyo
sruli!~
brZolis velze sicocxle uamravma qarTvelma iunkerma datova. isini
marad Wabukebad darCnen. maT saxelebs daviwyeba ar uweriaT. marTalia,
mravali wlis manZilze, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis istoria
saerTod ugulvebelyofili iyo bolSevikuri reJimis mier da iunkrebis
sagmiro saqmeebs, maT mier qveynis damoukideblobisaTvis Tavganwirvas,
komunistur-komkavSiruli mtveri edo, magram dRes damoukidebel
saqarTveloSi, TiToeuli qarTvelis movaleobaa saTanado pativi mivagoT
samSoblosaTvis, misi momavlisaTvis TavganwirulTa xsovnas. brZolis velze
daRupuli TiToeuli iunkris, yoveli mebrZolis mier daRvrili sisxli
gvaxsenebs, rom samSoblo umTavresia, rom gmiri winaprebis aCrdilma maT
sxvagvarad moqcevis saSualeba ar misca. adre Tu gvian, saqarTvelosTvis
Tavdadebul gmirebs istoria Rirseul adgils miuCens. aki miuCina kidec:
damoukideblobis idea, risTvisac isini ibrZodnen, aRsrulda, saqarTvelo
kvlav Tavisufalia. maT sagmiro saqmeebze aRizrdebian momavali gmirebi.
tabaxmelas brZolis warmateba ganapiroba, al. CxeiZis gegmam. nikoloz
maTikaSvili Tavis mogonebebSi wers: `tabaxmelis ambebis mogonebisas, yvela
da yovelTvis iunkerTa skolis Tavganwirvas, udrekelobas, movaleobis
pirnaTlad Sesrulebasa da gmirobas ixseneben. yvela es simarTlea, oRond
simarTlis darRveva iqneboda, rom yvela amaSi skolis ufrosis polk. CxeiZis
Rvawli dagveviwyebina. yvelaferi, rac tabaxmelaze xdeboda, misi xasiaTis
simtkicis, mdgomareobis swori Sefasebis, Sesabamisi gankargulebis droze
gacemis Sedegi iyo. Cven mxolod mis Canafiqesa da brZanebas uzadod
vasrulebdiT~.
safrangeTSi myof qarTvel meomarTa sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare,
polkovniki v. cxakaia, romelic samxedro skolaSi aswavlida samxedro
administracias, tabaxmelasTan momxdar brZolebze msjelobisas, xazgasmiT
aRniSnavda samxedro skolis iunkrebis, Tavisi yofili mowafeebis Tavdadebis
Sesaxeb: `...is, vinc dafiqrebulad gaerkveva brZolis pirobebSi, SeuZlebelia
ar acremldes. mcirericxovani, samasiode kaci, axalgazrdoba, oTxi dRis
manZilze, rva kilometrian veeberTela frontze, romelsac Zvel droSi
abarebdnen Tu korpuss ara, divizias mainc, am frontze lomebiviT
igeriebdnen gaafrTebuli mtris ieriSebs, TviTon gadadiodnen Setevaze,
amarcxebdnen da isev ubrundebodnen sangrebs. igerieben winidan, igerieben
uknidan. mxolod meoTxe dRe, miaSveles daxmareba da fronti cotaRa
gamWidrda. iunkrebs ayeneben maSvelSi, magram aqac uimaTod araferi keTdeba;
isev ieriSebi da mtris mier aRebuli sangrebis ukan dabruneba. uneblied
warmogvidgeba maTi mama-papaTa rainduli brZolebi, sadac erTi qarTveli
eTanabreboda xuTidan aTamde mters. gaiRviZa Cvens axalgazrdebSi winaparTa
sulma, TiTqo maTi suli maT Tavs dastrialebda da aqezebda omisaTvis
satrfo Svilebs, rodesac Cven aseTs ambebs vkiTxulobdiT istoriis
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furclebze, eWvi gvepareboda, migvaCnda gazviadebulad, magram Cven Tvalwin
ganmeorda is, rasac istorikosebi iuwyebodnen...~
gansakuTrebiT kritikuli mdgomareoba Seiqmna 24 Tebervlis saRamos.
bolSevikebi gars ertymodnen Tbiliss, saqarTveloSi Semomavali yvela
gadmosasvlelidan. qveyana mtris Zalebis rkinis salteSi aRmoCnda
momwyvdeuli. 24 Tebervals, saRamos 8 saaTze, mTavarsardalma moaxsena
mTavrobis Tavmjdomares noe Jordanias ukiduresad mZime mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb (ix: ruka #3). gaica Tbilisis datovebis brZaneba. al. CxeiZe,
romelic aqtiurad adevnebda Tvals frontze mimdinare movlenebs
gadmogvcems: `strategiuli omi wavageT; mmarTveloba, xalxi da jari ar
iyvnen momzadebuli aseTi seriozuli omisaTvis; TbilisTan taqtikuri
gamarjvebani savsebiT ekuTvnian gen. kvinitaZis saqmianobas da udavod mis
saxels unda mieniWos. Cveni strategiuli marcxi ki gamomdinareobs im
pirobebidan, romelnic Seqmnes gen. kvinitaZis winamorbedebma da samxedro,
samoqalaqo moRvaweebma. amitom damarcxebac erTianad maT ekuTvniT~. albaT
dameTanxmebiT, sakmaod mkacri Sefaseeba, Tumca realuri. Cven, aq ar
SevudgebiT damarcxebis mizezebis kvlevas; amasTan dakavSirebiT qarTul
istoriografiaSi sxvadasxva azri arsebobs da migvaCnia, rom es calke
kvlevis sagania.
amrigad, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis jarma Tbilisi datova.
1921 wlis 25 Tebervals, sabWoTa jari TbilisSi SemoiWra. demokratiuli
respublikis Zalebma, ver moaswres mcxeTis poziciebze gamagreba da ukan
daxeva ganagrZes. brZolebi moxda goris midamoebSi, suramis qedze, zemo
imereTis viwro xeobebSi. damarcxeba saxeze iyo. saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis mTavroba baTumSi gadadis, saidnac emigraciaSi miemgzavreba.
maTTan erTad gaemgzavrnen samxedro pirebi da maT Soris qarTveli iunkrebi.
cocxlad gadarCenil qarTvel patriotebs sastikad devnida `Ceka~∗. es
iyo kolegialuri organo, romelic ruseTis yoveli mxridan Camosuli
usastikesi jalaTebisagan Sedgeboda. `Cekas~ Tavmjdomare iyo ebraeli
mogiliovski, igi iyo ZerJinskis erT-erTi uaxloesi TanamSromeli.
mogiliovski qarTvelebis didi mteri iyo. misi brZanebiT daixvrita qarTveli
eris saukeTeso Svilebi: 200 qarTveli studenti, 400 muSa, 1000 oficeri
da inteligenti, 7000-mde glexi. misi uaxloesi TanaSemweebi iyvnen samxreT
ruseTSi kargad cnobili pankratovi da somexi aTarbegovi. maTTan erTad
moqmedebda lavrenti beria, romelmac daaxvretina bolSevikuri ruseTis
winaaRmdeg ajanyebuli 1000 azerbaijaneli glexi. bolSevikuri jalaTebidan
aRsaniSnavia: morozi _ rusi, oganezovi da petrosiani _ somxebi, Sulmani _
ebraeli. bolSevikebma kargad icodnen, rom maTi Zalaufleba damyarebuli
iyo, mxolod wiTelarmielTa xiStebze. maTi neba da avtoriteti
damokidebuli iyo terorze, romelmac uamravi msxverpli Seiwira im
adamianebis saxiT, romlebic ewinaaRmdegebodnen maT koloniur reJims.
bolSevikebi sastikad gauswordnen samxedro skolis erT-erT damaarsebels, _
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al. CxeiZes. meore msoflio omis dros, ruseT-germaniis xelSekrulebis
ZaliT, bolSevikebma qalaqi lvovi daikaves da im dros, iq myofi al. CxeiZe
daapatimres. germanelTa Setevis Semdeg, lvovi datoves da al. CxeiZe Tan
waiyvanes, gzaSi sadRac mospes da misi kvali gaaqres. upatronod da
usaxsrod darCenili misi meuRle, general kvinitaZis da, qalbatoni sofio,
romelsac ori, tyupi vaJi, manamade daeRupa, xanSi Sesuli da susti,
TurqestanSi gadaasaxles da Zroxebis mwvelavad gaamweses. man ver aitana
mZime Sroma, daavadda da saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli, mokle xanSi
gardaicvala. ase gausworda komunisturi reJimi, qarTvel patriotebs. rac
Seexeba giorgi kvinitaZes, igi 96 wlis asakSi gardaicvala parizSi da iqvea
dakrZaluli.
bolSevikebis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg, samxedro generalitetis
didi nawili, iunkrebTan erTad sazRvargareT, emigraciaSi wavida, im mizniT,
rom iqedan gaegrZelebinaT brZola samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis.
samxedro skolis daarsebidan 15 wlis Tavze, emigraciaSi myofi generali
giorgi kvinitaZe ase mimarTavs qarTvel iunkrebs: `TxuTmeti weliwadi
Sesrulda, rac daarsebuli iyo Cveni qarTuli samxedro skola. TxuTmeti
weliwadia, rac Tqven gaxdiT iunkrebaT. es saxeli SegrCaT da SegrCebaT
samudamod, iqnebiT leitenanti, kapitani, polkovniki, generali an sxva
saxelwodebis matarebelni, _ saxeli `iunkrebi~ Tqvenia da es ara imitom,
rom iyaviT samxedro skolaSi, aramed imitom, rom iyaviT erTad, erT jgufad,
samxedro skolis SemadgenlobaSi da SeduRdiT tabaxmelis omSi. iq
daamtkiceT, rom ar momkvdara saqarTvelo, rom gasaWir dros miuxedavad
xelSemSleli pirobebisa, Cven qveyanas aqvs Zala daemsgavsos Zveleburs
saqarTvelos da Tavis wiaRidan wamoayenos Zveli gmirebi, Cveni winaprebi.
vamayob, rom gaxldiT Tqveni ufrosi; vamayob, rom _ ar gewyinoT, _ Cemi
iunkrebi gaxdnen saqarTvelos siamayed; vamayob, rom ucxoeTSi yofnis drosac
Tqven yvelgan xarT pirvelni da saxelis momxveWni.
Cven ver SevimagreT samSoblo; amaSi Tqven brali ar gedebaT: naTqvamia,
Zala aRmarTsa xnavso. Tqven miiReT monawileoba im omSi, romelic Cveni
Svilebis da SvilTa-SvilebisaTvis darCeba siamayed.
arian iseTi pirebi, romelnic sZraxaven Tbilisis brZolas. maT ar
gaegebaT, rom isini amiT Tavis Tavs lafs asxamen, Tavis Tavs lanZRaven; es
ar gaxlavs qarTvelTa Cveuleba, _ es aris rusebisgan SeTvisebuli.
Tqven unda iamayoTa imiT, rom Tqven daibadeT qarTul jarSi, rom omobdiT
qarTul jarSi, rom saxeli moixveWeT qarTul jarSi, rom gmirebi xarT
qarTuli jarisa. iyaviT darwmunebulni, rom is eri, sadac ibadebian
`iunkrebi~ da `Seficulni~, is eri ar momkvdara. me ar gisurvebT marto
janmrTelobas da dRegrZelobas. Tqven sxva saqmec gelodebaT. me gisurvebT,
rom roca dro dadgeba, Tqven gamoxvideT asparezze Rirsni Tqveni
winaprebisa, Rirsni Tqveni tabaxmelisa. am gansacdelSi gisurvebT simagres da
gamarjvebas. baraqa Tqvens muSaobas da Tqvens marjvenas.’’
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g. kvinitaZe
1934 w.
iunkrebis gverdiT TavganwirviT ibrZodnen frontze moxalised wasuli
studentebi. axladSeqmnili Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studentebi
pirvelebi gamoexmaurnen saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis
mowodebas da imTaviTve Cadgnen samSoblos damcvelTa rigebSi. 1921 wlis 16
Tebervals, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets ewvivnen mTavrobis
warmomadgenlebi _ grigol lorTqifaniZe da grigol rcxilaZe.
studentebTan Sexvedra saswavleblis erT-erT did auditoriaSi daiwyo,
Tumca daswrebis msurvelTa raodenoba sul ufro izrdeboda, ris gamoc,
miuxedavad Tebervlis susxiani amindisa, Sexvedris monawileebma
universitetis ezoSi gadainacvles. pirveli sityviT axalgazrdebs grigol
lorTqifaniZem mimarTa da maT wmindaTa wminda movaleobis Sesrulebis_
samSoblos dacvisaken mouwoda. yvelaze didi gavlena studentebze
universitetis reqtoris ivane javaxiSvilis gamosvlam moaxdina. man Semdegi
sityviT mimarTa iq Sekrebil axalgazrdebs: `Svilebo! Cemi movaleobaa Tqven
wignisa da kalmisaken mogiwodoT, magram eris cxovrebaSi aris iseTi
momentebi, roca saWiroa yvelaferi ganze gadasdo da iaraRiT xelSi mters
miegebo. da ai, mec Tqven dRes iaraRisken mogiwodebT~.
am mowodebidan didi dro ar gasula da saqarTvelos gmirTa galereas
mravali saxelovani mamuliSvilis saxeli Seemata. maTi Rvawlis warmoCena da
dafaseba dRevandeli mkvlevaris movaleobaa. komunisturi reJimis
marwuxebSi moqceuli saqarTvelo, ver bedavda maTi saxelebis xmamaRla
warmoTqmas, igive mdgomareobaSi iyvnen am gmirebis ojaxis wevrebi da
axloblebic. universitetSi Sekrebis dResve, studentoba gaemarTa mTavrobis
sasaxlisaken, sadac maT miesalmnen damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris
moadgile aleqsandre lomTaTiZe, demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare noe Jordania da universitetis profesori Salva nucubiZe. iqve
Sedga ramdenime razmi, romelic oqroyana-wavkisis gavliT, pirdapir frontis
xazisaken gaemarTa. 17 Tebervals, swored, imave mimarTulebiT wavida
qarTuli samxedro skolis kursantTa (iunkerTa) 350 kaciani razmi,
saxelovani meTauris aleqsandre CxeiZis xelmZRvanelobiT. maTi gmirobis
Sesaxeb Cven ukve aRvniSneT.
qalebs uars eubnebodnen frontze wamsvlel moxaliseTa razmSi Caweraze,
magram universitetis studenti maro mayaSvili brZolis velze mowyalebis
dad wavida. moxalised Caewera maros Zma _ Salva mayaSvilic. 17 Tebervals,
wiTel jvarSi mowyalebis dad Cawerili meorekurseli mariam mayaSvili
kojrisaken mimaval razms gahyva. am razmma damoukidebeli saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqis dasacavad sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde ibrZola. frontidan
mamisadmi gagzavnil ukanasknel werilSi maro werda: `sayvarelo mama! me
jerjerobiT kargad var. sul erTi poziciisagan 1/2 versze varT, meorisagan
5 Tu 7-ze. mteri jer Sors aris Zalian. scxeben Cvenebi. Zalian
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aRfrTovanebulebi arian. Salikos (maros Zma l. s.) ambavi gamigeT mxolod.
yvelani Zalian madlierni arian CemiT. gkocniT bevrs. cota Tbili Tu
SesaZlebelia da rame tkbili gamomigzavneT, Tu rasakvirvelia SesaZlebelia.
Tavs gaufrTxildiT, gkocniT bevrs. ise ar civa. mokiTxva yvela Cvenebs. nu
geSiniaT gavimarjvebT saxelovnad. Seni maro~.
19 Tebervals gverdiT gamskdarma yumbaram imsxverpla mariam mayaSvilis
sicocxle. oTxSabaT dRes, 23 Tebervals, 21 iunkerTan erTad, igi samxedro
taZris ezoSi dakrZales. qvaSueTis taZarSi esvena, samSoblosaTvis
Tavganwirul vaJkacTa cxedrebi, maT Soris iyo TeTri xilabandiT
Tavwakruli, 20 wels miuRweveli gogonas, _ mariam mayaSvilis neSti.
samwuxarod, samxedro taZris galavanSi dakrZaluli qarTveli meomrebis,
rogorc samxedro skolis iunkrebis, saflavebi aRar SemogvrCa, radgan
samxedro taZris nangrevebze, samSoblosaTvis Tavganwirul gmirTa
saflavebze, sul mcire droSi borotebis simbolosaviT wamoiWima
gasabWovebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis sasaxle (dRes im adgilze aris
parlamentis Senoba). simboluria, rom swored, aq, qarTveli gmirebis
saflavebze, 1989 wlis 9 aprils, kvlav daiRvara qarTvelTa sisxli, isinic
xom saqarTvelos damoukideblobis moTxovniT iyvnen, iq Sekrebilni da igive
reJimis winaaRmdeg, romelic saqarTveloSi damyarda swored, 1921 wlis
Semdeg, ruseTis wiTeli armiis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da ZaliT
gasabWoebis Sedegad.
yoveli samgloviaro werili, romelic im dros mravlad iyo maSindeli
presis furclebze, (vidre wiTeli armia sabolood daipyrobda saqarTvelos),
yoveli gamosaTxovari, qarTvel gmirebTan, iyo erTi mTliani datireba
damoukidebeli saqarTvelosaTvis Sewiruli meomrebisa, romelTa sagmiro
saqmeebi droebiT daimarxa Tavisufal saqarTvelosTan erTad. diax,
droebiT amas imitom vambob, rom maT xsovnas swored, droebiT miayara
daviwyebis ferfli im reJimma, romlis winaaRmdegac isini ase Seupovrad, ase
TavganwirviT ibrZodnen. madlieri qarTveli eri ar iviwyebs Tavis saxelovan
mamuliSvilebs, maT mier gaRebuli TiToeuli wveTi sisxli iseTive wminda da
spetakia CvenTvis, rogorc Cveni samSoblo _ saqarTvelo. maTi sagmiro
saqmeebi, sabrZolo Tvisebebi, Seudrekeli xasiaTi, dResac siamayiT ganawyobs
Cvens momaval Taobebs.
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dacemis Semdeg, iunkrebis didi
nawili qarTvel generlebTan da oficrebTan erTad, emigraciaSi gaemgzavrnen,
im imediT, rom ucxoeTis samxedro saswavleblebSi miRebul codnas, kvlav
samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis brZolas moaxmardnen. cnobilia
sazRvargareT wasul iunkerTa Semdegi sia: 1. nanuaSvili ivane, 2. maTikaSvili
nikolozi, 3. laRiZe daviTi, 4. abaSiZe vaxtangi, 5. xundaZe genadi, 6.
mrevliSvili giorgi, 7. cibaZe lado, 8. lobJaniZe ilarioni, 9. javaxiSvili
giorgi, 10. somxianci meliqi, 11. kakabaZe ilia, 12. baxutaSvili, 13. kezeli
levani, 14. balaxvaneli saveli, 15. TinikaSvili borisi, 16. abulaZe prokofi,
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17. kikiani grigoli, 18. yifiani daviTi, 19. yifiani, 20. ratiSvili tato, 21.
laRiZe dimitri, 22. laRiZe lado, 23. furcelaZe pavle, 24. wiTlanaZe
Tadeosi, 15. zautaSvili iosebi, 26. TayaiSvili platoni, 27. nikolaZe SoTa,
28. bokuCava grigoli, 29. maxaraZe lado, 30. dadiani mixeili, 31. erisTavi,
32. iaSvili griSa, 33. baqraZe ivane, 34. ugrexeliZe vitali, 35. CxeiZe
daviTi, 36. CxeiZe grigoli, 37. kobiaSvili svimoni, 38. kvaliaSvili mixeili,
39. nacvliSvili farnaozi, 40. xelaZe, 41. sxirtlaZe arkadi, 42. aRniaSvili
dimitri, 43. yazbegi irakli, 44. lomiZe viqtori, 45. kiknaZe mixeili, 46.
TumaniSvili.
iunkrebis didma nawilma, ZiriTadad sazRvargareT, poloneTsa da
safrangeTSi, gaagrZela moRvaweoba. mxolod ramdenime Tu dabrunda
saqarTveloSi. samSoblos momavalze fiqriT damaSvrali iunkrebi, elodnen
xelsayrel dros samSobloSi Camosasvlelad. samwuxarod, maTi umravlesoba
mSobliuri miwis nacvlad, ucxoeTSi ganisvenebs. maT Sorisaa iunkeri-
prokofi qaixosros Ze abulaZe, quTaiseli kaci, romelic 1931 wlis 22
seqtembers gardaicvala safrangeTis qalaq nicaSi.
yofili iunkeri, emigraciaSi yofnis periodSi Soridan Sestrfoda Tavis
samSoblos; igi iyo mTavari xelmZRvaneli iunkerTa kavSiris beWduri
organosi _ `mxedari~. aq, `reo amoni-s~ fsevdonimiT igi aTavsebda mSvenier
leqsebs samSobloze. erT-erT Tavis leqsSi _ `gzaze~, yofili iunkeri ase
umReris monatrebul Tbiliss:
`Tbiliso gaxsovs bevri ambebi,
aTasi wlebi Sens ferxTan hyria;
Semogirkinavs tans darabebi
da istoriam ver dagamtvria...
poetebs asmev sicocxles peSviT;
Taflisfer kalTebs surnel-mTvarians,
dagikocnian mwyurvale eSxiT,
aJRerebulni SenTan arian~.
qarTuli samxedro skolis iunkrebi momavalSi kidev ufro Rirseul
adgils daiWeren saqarTvelos istoriis furclebze. maTi sagmiro saqmeebi
Taobidan Taobas gadaecema. miuxedavad azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa Tebervlis omTan
dakavSirebiT, yvela Tanxmdeba erT rameSi: qarTvelma iunkrebma bolomde
TavganwirviT ibrZoles. 17-19 wlis ymawvilebi, TbilisTan brZolaSi
sakuTari mkerdiT akavebdnen bolSevikebis Semotevebs. omis Sedegebis
Sefasebisas emigraciaSi myofi generali Saqro baqraZe, romelic uSualod
monawileobda brZolebSi, omSi damarcxebis mizezebis Sefasebisas 1934 wels
werda: `droa simarTles Ria TvalebiT SevxedoT. rac unda igi mware ar
iyos, romelmac dagvRupa; amis mizezebi unda gamoirkvnen da amitom namdvil
faqtebs unda gavuwioT angariSi. es aris yvela qarTvelis movaleoba
samSoblos winaSe, da aravis ara aqvs ufleba simarTlis gamoqveyneba sawyenad
miiRos, raTa es aris saerTo saqme, (es yvelaferi l. s.) samSoblos saxeliT
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da mis sasargeblod keTdeba, da ara piradis. es erTi, meore isaa, Tu amaSi
rame sawyenia, yvela qarTvelisaTvis erTnairad aris sawyeni, rac moxda es
ukve istoriam Caibara, da yvela Cvengani movalea istoriul gamorkvevas
xeli Seuwyos da gauadvilos swori daskvnis gamotana, raTa amis saSualebiT
momavalSi gavasworoT Cveni Secdomebi~. SeuZlebelia ar daeTanxmo qarTvel
generals. warsuli istoriis Seulamazeblad, obieqturad warmoCena Tavidan
agvacilebs, istoriis ama Tu im periodSi daSvebul Secdomebs. swored, amaze
ityoda vaJa fSavela: `istoria imdenad warsulisaTvis ar iwereba ramdenadac
awmyosaTvis, awmyos cxovrebisaTvis, igi gvafrTxilebs Secdomebisagan da
gvaqezebs keTilisaken. vxedavT mizezs da mizezTan erTad Sedegs, Secdomas~.
marTlac, rom asea: istoria, SesaZloa zustad ver gvaswavlis ra
vakeToT, magram gvkarnaxobs ra ar gavakeToT.
Tbilisis misadgomebTan amsaxveli brZolebis samxedro rukebi:
(rukebi aRebulia al. CxeiZis naSromidan `samxedro skola~,
Jurn., `mxedari~, #13, parizi 1933w.)
1. ruka #1
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2. ruka #2
3. ruka #3
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danarTi
qarTuli samxedro skolis Semadgenloba 1921 w. (monacamebi aRebulia al. CxeiZis naSromidan `samxedro skola~, Jurn. `mxedari~ #13,
parizi, 1933w.)
generali kvinitaZe _ pirveli skolis ufrosi: 15. 8. 1919 wlidan 1.10.1920
wlamde.
generali andronikaSvili _ 1.10.1920 wlidan 16.2.1921 wlamde.
polkovniki CxeiZe _ skolis ufrosis TanaSemwe da nacvalTa aTaseulis
ufrosi _ frontze gasvlis dRidan _ skolis ufrosi.
kapitani xelaSvili _ skolis adiutanti.
saswavlo nawili
polkovniki Cxetiani, Semdeg polkovniki veziriSvili _ klasebis inspeqtori.
leitenanti andronikaSvili _ wignsawyobis gamge.
samneo nawili
maiori mesxeli _ skolis mne.
kapitani maxarobliZe _ molare.
leitenanti mWedliSvili _ mebine.
sasanitaro nawili
kalandaraSvili mose _ ufrosi eqimi.
iSxneli mixeili _ umcrosi eqimi.
samwyobro nawili
iunkerTa aseuli
maiori ananiaSvili; kapitani Savdia; kapitani CoCua; kapitani xoStaria;
kapitani jafariZe; kapirani qarumiZe _ artileria; kapitani ToiZe _ inJineri;
kapitani sulxaniSvili.
nacvalTa aTaseuli
pirveli aseuli: maiori gardafxaZe, kapitani maWavariani, kapitani adamiZe.
meore aseuli: maiori abulaZe, kapitani baluaSvili, kapitani alaviZe,
kapitani WiWinaZe.
mesame aseuli: maiori baluaSvili, kapitani gvasalia, kapitani revia, kapitani
sanikiZe.
sanapiro aseuli: maiori simaSvili, kapitani yifiani.
tyviamfrqvevelebis aseuli: maiori ServaSiZe, kapitani aroniSiZe, kapitani
ardaziani, kapitani mWedliSvili.
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batarea: maiori baxutaSvili, kapitani barnabiSvili, kapitani yaralaSvili,
kapitani qavTaraZe.
cxenosani mwyobri: leitenanti mayaSvili,
tabaxmelaze brZolis dros Tavis nebiT mosulebi: leitenanti erisTavi,
leitenanti baramiZe, leitenanti suluxia, leitenanti TavZeraZe.
iunkrebis sia qveiTTa aseuli
(siaSi aris moyvanili 152 iunkeri; amaTgani _ 4 saavadmyofoSi iyo, 12 iyo gagzavnili
rekrutebis mosayvanad gamomwvev punqtebze da 18 gadacemulni iyvnen tyviamfrqvevel
aseulSi; amnairad im aseulSi, romelic ibrZoda tabaxmelasTan, imyofeboda 118 iunkeri.)
abaSiZe varlam, abaSiZe konstantine, avaliani Salva, amirajibi dimitri,
andronikaSvili arCil, andronikaSvili giorgi, asaTiani mamuka, axvlediani
aleqsandre, aRlaZe irakli, afxaiZe timoTe, aRniaSvili nikoloz, arjevaniZe
aleqsandre, barnabiSvili ivane, barnabiSvili mixeili, baxutaSvili simon,
baramiZe benia, baqraZe ivane, balaxvaneli saveli, bokuCava grigol, gabunia
konstantine, gegeWkori valerian, geTia mixeil, gelaZe mixeil, gelaSvili
spiridon, genZexaZe Salva, gogolaSvili nikoloz, gordeziani ambrosi,
gigineiSvili vasil, giorgaZe vladimer, glovacki aleqsandre, daTebaSvili
akaki, danelia nikoloz, dgebuaZe nikoloz, doliZe platon, donaZe gedevan,
erqomaiSvili aleqsandre, erisTavi Salva, vaCnaZe daviT, vaxvaxiSvili
nikoloz, vefxvaZe ivane, zautaSvili ioseb, zaldastanaSvili giorgi,
zedgeniZe giorgi, TayaiSvili platon, TarxaniSvili aleqsandre, TinikaSvili
boris, iaSvili grigol, iaSvili konstantine, iaSvili aleqsandre, iaSvili
simon, ivaniZe nikoloz, iosava abesalom, ioseliani timoTe, kakabaZe daviT,
kakabaZe ilia, kandelaki levan, kavkasiZe vladimer, kalandaraSvili daviT,
kasraZe vasil, kvaracxelia grigol, kvaliaSvili mixeil, kvikviniZe
mixeil,kvinixiZe mixeil, kekuaZe klementi, kelenjeriZe daviT, kezeli
levan, kereseliZe ivane, kobiaSvili simon, kinwuraSvili aleqsandre,
kumaritaSvili aleqsandre, lafauri nikoloz, laRiZe vladimer,
lobJaniZe ilarion, lorTqifaniZe oTar, lorTqifaniZe aleqsandre,
lorTqifaniZe irakli,lolaZe konstantine, lolua mixeil, lomkaci giorgi,
leJava vasil, losaberiZe gobron, mataxeria lavrenti, mayaSvili boris,
maCabeli ivane, mamuCaiSvili daviT, markozaSvili lavrenti, maTikaSvili
nikoloz, mdivani daviT, mirzaSvili revaz, morCaZe daviT,mrelaSvili giorgi,
mWedliSvili apolon, nanuaSvili ivane, nikolaiSvili nikoloz, odiSeliZe
giorgi, oqropiriZe zaqaria, oqropiriZe ioseb, omaraSvili meofite,
saRinaSvili nikoloz, saRinaSvili giorgi (1), saRinaSvili giorgi (2),
saRinaSvili evgrafi, samxaraZe bagrat, somxianci meliqi, sidamon - erisTavi
ilia, sisakianci arami, simoniSvili ivane, sxirtlaZe arkadi, tatiSvili
zurab, tatiSvili aleqsandre, turaSvili aleqsanre, toroyaSvili mixeil,
tyeSelaSvili irakli, ugrexeliZe vitali, fanculaia aleqsandre,
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favleniSvili revaz,feraZe pavle, furcelaZe giorgi, fxakaZe vasil, qajaia
vasil, qoSulia mixeil, yifiani daviT, Savdia daviT, SvangiraZe onisime,
CaCibaia klementi, CaCava mixeil, CiloCava aleqsandre, CxeiZe grigol,
cercvaZe zaqaria, ciciSvili konstantine, cqitiSvili giorgi, ZuliaSvili
giorgi, wiklauri vladimer, WiRlaZe solomon, WinWaraZe aleqsandre (1),
WinWaraZe aleqsandre (2), WoRoSvili sergi, ximSiaSvili aleqsandre,
xinveli isaki, xidirbegiSvili (?), xuciSvili dimitri, xundaZe gedevan,
javaxiSvili giorgi (1), javaxiSvili giorgi (2), jandieri ilia, jandieri
ioseb, jandieri arCil, jafariZe aleqsandre, jafariZe nikoloz (1), jafariZe
nikoloz (2), jamaspiSvili ivane, jankvetaZe vaxtang.
sainJinro ganyofileba
abaSiZe simon, baluaSvili giorgi, varsiaSvili nikoloz, iakobaSvili pavle,
kikiani grigol, riJamaZe melenti, feraZe isidore, xelaZe valerian, cibaZe
vladimer, Wubabria daviT.
saartilerio ganyofileba
abulaZe prokofi, baqraZe vaxtang, verulaSvili vasil, ToxaZe nikoloz,
isakandraSvili vaxtang, laRiZe daviT, maxaraZe vladimer, nikolaZe SoTa,
ratiSvili giorgi, rcxilaZe nikoloz, sidamon - erisTavi nikoloz,
furcelaZe Salva, RoRoberiZe mixeil, wiTlanaZe Tadeoz,xuxuni klementi.
cxenosani ganyofieleba
dadiani mixeil, vaCnaZe ivane, laRiZe dimitri, nacvliSvili farnaoz, miqaZe
sergo.
1920 w. 2 maiss
mokluli iunkeri
iunkeri mayaSvili mixeil.
daWrili
iunkeri kikiani grigol.
1921 w. omis dros tabaxmelaze mokluli oficrebi:
maiori ananiaSvili _ aseulis ufrosi, kapitani ToiZe _ sainJinero
ganyofilebis ufrosi.
daWrili oficrebi:
kapitnebi: Savdia, xoStaria, CoCua, yifiani.
leitenantebi: andronikaSvili, erisTavi, mWedliSvili.
mokluli iunkrebi:
axvlediani aleqsandre, doliZe platon, erisTavi Salva,iakobaSvili pavle,
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kandelaki levan, lorTqifaniZe oTar, lolua mixeil, jandieri ilia,
jandieri ioseb.
daWrili iunkrebi:
abaSiZe varlam, avaliSvili Salva, amirajibi dimitri, asaTiani mamuka, aRlaZe
irakli, baluaSvili giorgi, gordeziani ambrosi, giorgaZe vladimer, dgebuaZe
nikoloz, vaxvaxiSvili nikoloz, vefxvaZe ivane, zautaSvili ioseb,
zaldastaniSvili giorgi, iaSvili aleqsandre, iaSvili simon, iaSvili
konstantine, iosava abesalom, kezeli levan, kumaritaSvili aleqsandre,
lolaZe konstantine, lorTqifaniZe aleqsandre, mamuCaiSvili daviT, morCaZe
daviT, mirzaSvili revazi, saRinaSvili giorgi (1), saRinaSvili giorgi (2),
saRinaSvili nikoloz, simoniSvili giorgi, samxaraZe bagrat, tatiSvili
aleqsandre, tatiSvili zurab, feraZe isidore, qajaia vasil, Savdia daviT,
CxeiZe grigol, cqitiSvili giorgi, WiRlaZe solomon,xuciSvili dimitri,
xinveli isaki, xidirbegiSvili (?), jafariZe nikolozi (1), jafariZe
nikolozi (2), wiklauri vladimeri.
amgvarad, mokluli da daWrili iyo 53 iunkeri, ori maTgani iyo
gamnaRmveli, danarCeni 51 ki qveiTTa aseulidan iyo, am aseuls orjer
gamoecvala oficrebis Semadgenloba.
damatebiTi sia
qarTuli samxedro skolis daxvretili oficrebis da iunkrebis sia
generali andronikaSvili (skolis ukanaskneli ufrosi), maiori gardafxaZe
(iunkerTa aseulis pirveli ufrosi), maiori baxutaSvili (skolis batareis
ufrosi), iunkrebi: andronikaSvili giorgi, zedgeniZe giorgi, iaSvili,
iskandaraSvili vaxtang, kereseliZe ivane, favleniSvili revaz, jamaspiSvili
ivane, jandieri arCil.
skolis profesorebi
1919 _ 1921 wlebSi
gen. St. generali kvinitaZe _ taqtika, samxedro istoria.
gen. St. generali zaqariaZe _ taqtika.
gen. St. generali andronikaSvili _ taqtika, topografia.
gen. St. generali benaSvili _ topografia.
generali arjevaniZe _ topografia.
generali i. gedevaniSvili _ samxedro istoria.
inJ. generali TayaiSvili _ fortifikacia, meqanika, masalebis winaaRmdegoba.
inJ. generali TumaniSvili _ fortifikacia.
art. polkovniki SkabiCi _ artileria, srolis Teoria.
art. polkovniki m. gedevaniSvili _ zarbaznebis agebuleba, SigniTa balistika.
inJ. polkovniki guramiSvili _ fortifikacia.
polkovniki vaxvaxiSvili _ fortifikacia.
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gen. St. polkovniki n. gedevaniSvili _ taqtika.
gen. St. polkovniki CeCelaSvili _ samxedro geografia.
polkovniki cxakaia _ samxedro administracia.
intend. polk. ciciSvili _ samxedro administracia.
samxedro eqimi kalandaraSvili _ samxedro higiena.
maiori cxakaia _ topografia.
profesori ivane javaxiSvili _ istoria.
vasil barnovi _ qarTuli literatura.
qarTuli jaris organizacia 1919 w. Statebis mixedviT:
samxedro ministri:
samxedro ministris piradi ganyofileba,
samxedro ministris kancelaria,
topografiuli ganyofileba.
samxedro sabWo: samneo ganyofileba:
sabiujeto, sasursaTo, sabargo-sanivTo, teqnikuri, saartilerio, sasanitaro,
sabeiTlo, binaTa, kancelaria.
samxedro saministros ganyofilebani:
Tbilisis sadarajo aTaseuli,
sanapiro razmebi (soxumi, foTi, axalcixe, Sulaveri, Tbilisi, duSeTi).
generaluri Stabis ganyofilebani:
saoperacio seqcia:
samwyobro, samobilizacio, mzveravi, samxedro mimosvlis da kavSiris
ganyofilebani.
sazRvao seqcia:
arqivis wignTsacavi, samxedro aRricxvis nawili, samxedro ataSeebi,
kancelaria, sami saarmio brigada.
brigadaSi:
oTxi qveiTi aTaseuli, erTi artileriis divizioni.
mcire gundebi:
kavSiris, mzveravis, umwyobro, mesakraveTa.
saarmio artileriis divizioni:
sam-diumiani savele batarea, mZime eqvs-diumiani batarea, 48 cent. 4 zarbazani.
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cxenosani razmi:
oTxi eskadroni (erTi tyviismfrqvevlis), saswavlo, kavSiris, mesangreta,
mesakraveTa.
mesangreTa aTaseuli:
mesangreTa ori gundi, satelegrafo ori gundi.
avtomobilTa gundi:
avtomobilTa sami mwyobri, erTi javSnosani mwyobri.
saaviacio gundi:
saaviacio gundi, samxedro saaviacio skola.
radio-telegrafis gundi:
ori mudmivi sadguri, ori savele sadguri, erTi parki.
samxedro skola:
iunkerTa gundi, nacvalTa aTaseuli.
ganyofilebani: qveiTi
cxenosani, artileriis, sainJinro.
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fotosuraTebi aRebulia Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo
universitetis emigraciis muzeumis guram SaraZis piradi fondidan
giorgi kvinitaZe aleqsandre andronikaSvili
aleqsandre CxeiZe
kadetTa korpusi
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ganmartebiTi leqsikoni*
antanta _ samxedro bloki, romelic Camoyalibda 1914 wels. masSi
Sediodnen: inglisi, safrangeTi, ruseTi, italia.
boris ZnelaZe _ saqarTvelos komkavSiris erT-erTi damaarsebeli, romlis
Zegli idga aleqsandres baRis qveda nawilSi da aiRes XX s-is 90-ian w-Si.
areopagia _ aq saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare noe Jordania gulisxmobs im droisaTvis arsebul evropul
saerTaSoriso organizaciebs.
damfuZnebeli kreba _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis
1919 wlis 31 ianvris dadgenilebiT, Sewyda misi moRvaweoba da dainiSna
damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi. amave wlis 12 marts, TbilisSi mowveuli iqna
damfuZnebeli kreba, romlis Tavmjdomared arCeuli iyo cnobili social-
demokrati nikoloz (karlo) CxeiZe. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
damfuZnebeli kreba, warmoadgenda sakanonmdeblo da kontrolis gamwev
organos. mis funqciebs Seadgenda: saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
konstituciis SemuSaveba, mTavrobis Seqmna, sxvadassxva kanonebisa da
debulebebis miReba- damtkiceba, jarisa da flotis ganmtkiceba, biujetis
ganxilva da damtkiceba.
damfuZnebeli kreba likvidirebul iqna saqarTvelos revkom-is 1921 wlis
#7 dadgenilebis ZaliT, saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis
gamo.
de iure – qveynis iuridiulad cnoba (aRiareba).
kiazim kara beqiri _ osmaleTis jarebis erT-erTi mxedarTmTavari XX s-is
20-ian wlebSi.
nacvali _ Zveli ruseTis armiis ocmeTauri.
rkp (b) _ ruseTis komunisturi partiis bolSevikebis komiteti.
trocki _ aris fsevdonimi bolSevikuri ruseTis erT-erTi organizatorisa
da samxedro sabWos Tavmjdomaris, _ lev daviTis Ze bronSteinis.
`Ceka“ _ gansakuTrebuli sagamoZiebo komiteti, rusuli sityvebis
`Чрезвичайнный комитет“ dasawyisisgan aris Sedgenili. es organizacia
daundoblad ebrZoda sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi kritikulad ganwyobil
pirebs.
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gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi:
• avaliSvili z., `saqarTvelos damoukidebloba 1918-1921 wlebis
saerTaSoriso politikaSi~, parizi, 1924; Tb., 1929.
• bendianiSvili al., `saqarTvelos pirveli respublika (1918-1921 ww)~.
• gabaSvili r., `rac maxsovs~ qarTul emigrantuli literatura,
`dabruneba~ t. III Tb., 1992.
• guruli v., vaCnaZe m. `saqarTvelos axali da uaxlesi istoriis
sakiTxebi~, Tb., 1998.
• dauSvili r., `ambavi kidev erTi iunkerisa~ (eZRvneba vano baqraZes),
gaz. `saqarTvelos respublika~, 23 Tebervali 1991.
• zurabiSvili iv. `saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba~ parizi 1935
• inasariZe k., `patara oqros xana~, miunxeni 1984.
• kvinitaZe g., respublikis SeiaraRebul ZalTa mTavarsardlis brZaneba,
gaz. `erToba~, #209, 14 seqtemberi, 1920.
• kvinitaZis g., mimarTva: Cems iunkrebs, Jurn. `mxedari~, rveuli me-10,
parizi, 1934.
• kvinitaZe g., `mogonebebi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis wlebSi 1917-
1921 w.w.~ gamomc. `lomisi~, Tbilisi 1998.
• Квинитадзе Г. И., `Мои воспоминания в годи независимости Груии 1917-1921~ , `Умса-пресс~, Париж, 1985.
• kvinitaZe g., SaraZe g., `ucxoeTis cis qveS~, wigni I, Tb., `merani~,
1991 w., gv. 84-93.
• lorTqifaniZe gr., `fiqrebi saqarTveloze~ Tbilisi, 1995.
• manveliSvili al., `ruseTi da saqarTvelos damoukidebloba~, san
francisko, 1884.
• Manvelichvili A., `Histoire de Georgie~. Nouvelle editions de la Toison d’or, Paris, 1951.
• Jurnali `mxedari~, # 11, parizi, 1931.
• nanuaSvili v., `samxedro skola~, Jurnali `mxedari~, (qarTvel
iunkerTa kavSiris organo), #1, parizi, ivnisi, 1929.
• Jordania n., `Cemi warsuli~ (mogonebebi), parizi, 1953 w., Tb., 1990.
• ramiSvili ak., il.WavWavaZis sax. parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekaSi
daculi piradi arqivi.
• ramiSvili n., `saqarTvelo da ruseTi~, parizi, 1924.
• saiTiZe g., `pirze Rimili SerCaT im gmirebs…~ Jurnali `raindi~
(qaquca ColoyaSvilis sruliad saqarTvelos Coxosan raindTa dasi),
#1, 2008.
• Trotski L., `Entre l’imperialisme et la revolution~, Paris, 1923, p: 78. • Ferrand Jacques, `Familles princieres de Georgie~, Paris, 1983, p: 123.
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• RvenefaZe n., `pirveli msxverpli qali~ (eZRvneba maro mayaSvils), gaz.
`saqarTvelos respublika~, 23 Tebervali 1991.
• SaraZe g., Tbilisis iv javaxiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo universitetis
emigraciis muzeumSi daculi piradi fondi da fotoebi.
• CxeiZe al., `Cemi mogonebebis ganmartebani gamowveuli kritikiT~, Jurn.
`mxedari~, #16, 1933, gv. 56.
• CxeiZe al., `samxedro skola~, Juran. `mxedari~, #13, parizi, 1933.
• cxakaia v., `cota ram gen. al. CxeiZis mogonebaze’~, Jurn. `mxedari~,
#14-15, parizi, aprili-ivlisi, 1933.
• xubuluri l., `sadaursa sad waiyvan bedo~ (eZRvneba mixeil
kvaliaSvils), gaz. `komunisti~, 23ivnisi, gv: 3, 1990.
• janeliZe o., `saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partia 1917-1923
wlebSi~, Tb., 1999.
• janeliZe o., `spiridon kedia (politikuri portreti), Tb., 2002.
49