Sample pages from American Exceptionalism

7/30/2019 Sample pages from American Exceptionalism

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65

WINCHESTER,AN ORAION ON HEDISCOVERY OF AMERICA

E Wcr,An Oration on the Discovery o America. Delivered in London,October the 12, 1792. Being Tree Hundred Years fom the Day on which Columbus

Landed in the New World(L: Pr r Ar S y Vry Cp Pr Cr, 1792).

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IAn Oration on the Discovery o America Wcr r - xp U S gcy C xpr Arc. C, Wcr r, w rg r Arc rpc. H v prc vrc Sp


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66 American Exceptionalism, Volume 2

rcrc rc rv pr Arc rjc Erppc ry ccrg y rpc gvr, rjc Erp cpg crc . Wcr, w w rgy -c, rv cc w Cv r Uvrppy y ryg ccc crzg Scrpr, .., rgr w w crrc gy.4 Grzg w xprc, W-cr v C pg Arc r pc r qrr, v, pz, Jw, w r ckcr Ac Erp wr. T C gcy, rgArc y, w g vr pr y Cr crc rpc cg r pr.

Pr An Oration on the Discovery o America wr rpr Rvw Nw Pc, Gentlemans Magazine, 73:1 (1793), pp. 4334; J. M.Dcky (.), Christopher Columbus and his Monument Columbia: Being a Con-cordance o Choice ributes to the Great Genoese, his Grand Discovery, and hisGreatness o Mind and Purpose (Ccg, IL: R, McNy, 1892), pp. 31720; W. S. H (.), Nationalism and Religion in America: Concepts o

American Identity and Mission (Nw Yrk: Hrpr & Rw, 1970), pp. 702.

N1. Q L. F. Wr,A Cheerul and Comortable Faith: Anglican Religious Practice

in the Elite Households o Eighteenth-Century Virginia (Nw Hv, C: Y UvryPr, 2010), pp. 11415.

2. Q E. S. G,Memoirs o the Spirit: American Religious Autobiography fomJonathan Edwards to Maya Angelou (Gr Rp: W B. Er, 2001), pp.367.

3. P. Hg, E Wcr , Dictionary o Unitarian & Universalist Biography,Ur Uvr Hrc Scy, p://www25..rg///rc/wcr. [cc 3 Jy 2012].

4. N. O. Hc,Democratization o American Christianity (Nw Hv, C: Y Uvr-y Pr, 1991), pp. 412.


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67

Elhanan Winchester,An Oration on the Discover yof America. Delivered in London, October the 12th,1792. Being Three Hundred Years from the Day onwhich Columbus Landed in the New World(London:

Printed for the Author and Sold by him at the Vestryof the Chapel in Parliament Court, 1792).

AN ORAION, &c.

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Winchester, An Oration on the Discovery o America 69

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ry .I y yg Arc, gg cr, the very birth place

o civil and religious liberty, k p gr pc,y I r w r w vry r cry wr rq, cv, rg ry established.

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pcy.

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FINIS.


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Notes to pages 6872 325

Winchester,An Oration on the Discovery o America

1. Paul, a physician o Florence, eminent or his knowledge o cosmography: Paolo dal Pozzo os-canelli (13971482) Italian astronomer and cosmographer. oscanelli sent a map and planto sailing westwards to reach the Spice Islands and Asia to Columbus, who carried them

with him during his rst voyage to the new world. oscanelli had miscalculated the size othe earth which resulted in Columbus never realizing he had ound a new continent.

2. No prophet is accepted in his own country: Luke 4:24.3. Tat it is presumptuous knowledge superior to all the rest o mankind united: not identied.4. his brother Bartholomew: Bartholomew Columbus (14611515), explorer, while a map-

maker in Lisbon conceived with his brother the Enterprise o the Indies, a scheme toreach the spice trade o the Orient by a western route. Funded by the Spanish crown,

Bartholomew travelled to Hispaniola in 1494 to meet Christopher. He remained on theisland or six and a hal years (14941500) serving as governor during the absence ohis brother and ounding the city o Santo Domingo. He returned to Spain in 1500 butaccompanied Christopher on the last o his our voyages.

5. Perez:Juan Perez (died beore 1513) was a Spanish Franciscan riar, conessor or QueenIsabella, and companion o Christopher Columbus, whom he met at the monasteryo La Rbida in Andalusia in 1485. Perez introduced Columbus to Isabella, materiallyassisted Columbuss expeditions, and joined his riend on the second voyage in 1493.

When the second expedition reached Haiti, Father Perez celebrated the rst Mass inthe New World 8 December 1493. H. Tomas, Rivers o Gold: Te Rise o the Spanish

Empire, om Columbus to Magellan (New York: Random House, 2005), pp. 6085.6. exertions o Quintilla and Santangel: Alonzo de Quintanilla, Comptroller General o

Finance, and Luiz de St Angel, Receiver o Ecclesiastic Revenues o Aragon, made thecase to Isabella I in avour o Columbuss voyage in 1492. Ferdinand and Isabella had

rejected Columbuss plan in 1486, prodding Columbus to consider approaching CharlesVIII o France. But Quintanilla and Santangel, persuaded by Juan Perez, intervened onbehal o Columbus to persuade Isabella and convinced her that the prospect o convert-ing Asia to Christianity made the voyage worth the risk. Columbuss letter narrating therst voyage was addressed to Santangel.

7. Roderic riana discovered land: Rodrigo de riana (b. 1469), a sailor aboard ColumbussshipLa Pinta, believed to be the rst European since the Vikings known to have seenAmerica.

8. Americus Vespucius:Amerigo Vespucci (14541512), Florentine explorer and cartogra-pher who rst demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asiaseastern outskirts as initially conjectured by Columbus, but instead constituted anentirely separate landmass. At the invitation o King Manuel I o Portugal, Vespucci

participated in several voyages that explored the east coast o South America between1499 and 1502. Te expeditions became widely known in Europe aer two accounts

attributed to Vespucci were published between 1502 and 1504. In 1507, Martin Wald-seemller produced a world map on which he named the new continent America aer

Vespuccis rst name. F. Fernandez-Armesto,Amerigo: Te Man who Gave his Name toAmerica (New York: Random House, 2007).

9. Ojeda an enterprising Spanish adventurer:Alonso de Ojeda (14681515), a navigator,governor and conquistador, amous or having named Venezuela and or being the rstEuropean to visit Guyana and Colombia. Ojeda accompanied Columbus on his second

voyage and remained in the Americas until 1496 when he returned to Spain. He subse-


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326 Notes to pages 7284

quently made three voyages to Venezuela, one o them with the cartographer Vespucci.Te historian Bartolom de las Casas inHistoria de las Indias recorded atrocities com-mitted by Ojeda against Indians on his third voyage to Venezuela. None o Ojedas

voyages proved lucrative. He died in a monastery in Santo Domingo.10. they destroyed feen millions o these poor unsuspecting creatures: Las Casas, in Te Devas-

tation o the Indies: A Brie Account, trans. H. Brifault (Baltimore, MD: Johns HopkinsUniversity Press, 1974), p. 31, estimated that by 1542 twelve million Indians had died asa result o the Spanish conquest.

11. Lord Delaware: In 1610 Tomas West, third and twelh Baron De La Warr (15771618), a member o the Privy Council o King James VI o England and Ireland, duringthe First Anglo-Powhatan War led a contingent o 150 men to Jamestown Virginia to

persuade the original settlers not to give up and go home to England. Named gover-

nor o the colony, De La Warr successully prosecuted the war against the Indians, thenreturned to England. He set sail in Virginia again in but died at sea.12. Captain Cook:James Cook (172879) was a navigator and cartographer in the Royal

Navy. Cook made detailed maps o Newoundland prior to making three voyages to thePacic Ocean, during which he achieved the rst recorded circumnavigation o NewZealand, and the rst European contact with the eastern coastline o Australia and theHawaiian Islands. He was killed on Hawaii Island by Hawaiians.

13. the Esquimaux Indians:Esquimaux, or Eskimo, or Inuit peoples are indigenous peopleso the circumpolar region o eastern Siberia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland.

14. Moravian Missionaries:Te Moravian Church, perhaps the earliest Protestant sect, datesrom 1457 in Bohemia, established aer the martyrdom o the movements ounder thereligious dissenter Jan Hus in 1415. Te Moravian missionaries were the rst large-scaleProtestant missionary movement, sending out hundreds o missionaries by the late -teenth century to the Caribbean, North and South America, the Arctic, Arica and Asia.

15. the sum o one thousand and fve hundred millions sterling, in gold and silver, has beenimported into Europe om America since its frst discovery: During the three centuriesthat the [Spanish] treasure eets were in operation, the legal production o mines oNew Spain, New Granada, and Peru was more than our billion pesos worth o preciousmetals. . R. Walton, Spanish reasure Fleets (Sarasota: Pineapple Press, 1994), p. 189.Not urther identied.

16. Tat changing the punishment o death or hard labour and confnement, tends to preventcrimes: Cesare Beccaria published On Crimes and Punishments in 1764, arguing that thedeath penalty was both unjust and utile rom the point o view o social welare. Butthe rst US state to abolish the death penalty or all crimes except treason was Michi-gan in 1846. History o the Death Penalty,Death Penalty Inormation Center, online athttp://www.deathpenaltyino.org/history-death-penalty [accessed 3 July 2012].

17. Behold I have set beore thee an open door, and no man can shut it: Revelation 3:8.18. Te wilderness and solitary place shall rejoice, the desart shall rejoice and blossom as the rose:

Isaiah 35:1.19. a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens: 2 Corinthians 5:1.20. Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, or mine eyes have seen thy salvation:

Luke 2:2930.

Barnard, Tanksgiving Sermon

1. resembles: or, compares.

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