Sample Copy. Not For Distribution. · Prof. Punit Puri [email protected] Sample Copy. Not For Distribution. vi About the Book Drug Abuse Problem Management and Prevention Is drug

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Drug Abuse

Problem, Management and Prevention

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© Copyright, 2018, Punit Puri

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Drug Abuse

Problem, Management and Prevention

Punit Puri

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)

www.educreation.in

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Preface

Today's youth face many risks, including drug abuse, violence, and

HIV/AIDS. Responding to these risks before they become

problems can be difficult. One of the goals of writing this book is

to help the public understand the causes of drug abuse and to

prevent its onset. Drug abuse has serious consequences in our

homes, schools, and communities. From this book’s perspective,

the use of all illicit drugs and the inappropriate use of illicit drugs

are considered drug abuse.

Prevention science has made great progress in recent years.

Many interventions are being tested in "real-world" settings, so

they can be more easily adapted for community use. Scientists are

studying a broader range of populations and topics. They have

identified, for example, effective interventions with younger

populations to help prevent risk behaviors before drug abuse

occurs. Researchers are also studying older teens, which are

already using drugs to find ways to prevent further abuse or

addiction. Practical issues, such as cost-benefit analyses, are being

studied. Presenting these findings to the public through this book is

the most important responsibilities.

I am pleased to offer this First edition of the

publication, DRUG ABUSE - PROBLEM MANAGEMENT

AND PREVENTION First Edition. The first edition offers

updated principles, new questions and answers, new program

information, and expanded references. This edition summarizes

sections of the guide for community use. This book is designed as

per the latest syllabus of Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar. I

hope you will find this First edition useful and helpful.

Prof. Punit Puri

[email protected]

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About the Book

Drug Abuse Problem Management and Prevention

Is drug abuse becoming the sixth flowing river in the State of

Five Rivers? What is happening to Punjab?

Punjab represents a sacred portion of our country. The rich history

of this ancient land has given its people a sense of native pride.

Punjab is a blessed region of India that once stood witness to

countless victories and triumphs. Preserved by martyrs who gave

their lives to sustain the people and culture, this land was once

hallowed by saints. Punjab is a special place and close to the heart

of India.

Once known for its life, unparalleled fertility, joy, and

vibrancy – Punjab used to set the example. But the Punjab people

are tragically turning their backs on their state’s values. As a result,

the tornado of illegal drugs sweeping through India is sucking

Punjab into the mess. The drug menace has been intensified in

Punjab over the last four years, and currently 73.5% of the

Punjab youth are severely addicted to drugs.

“Drug addiction has done to Punjab what even terrorism could

not.”

"Jahaj aa gaya hai!" (The plane has landed). This coded message

echoes at least once a week through a rural village in the Malwa

belt indicating to addicts that their allowance of "bhukki" has

arrived. Hundreds of men, women and children desperately make

their way towards undisclosed locations to collect their drugs for as

cheap as Rs. 25 per dose. Couriers cart around precious bags of

"bhukki" in their trucks and trailers. Innocently disguised as fruit

and vegetable transporters, couriers have become masters of

bypassing the law. The venue in which the "bhukki" is delivered

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changes frequently; this is done to avoid police and other

government.

Known as "the poor man's addiction," bhukki is derived from

the poppy plant and constitutes a real threat to Indian society –

especially in Punjab. The threat presented in Punjab is founded on

two licensed poppy cultivation areas in Rajasthan and Madhya

Pradesh. "Addicts take either "chura" (ground husk) with water or

boil "bhukki" in water and drink the "karah" (concentrate)" bhukki

is only one of the many drug menaces in Punjab as the state faces a

difficult drug crisis.

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viii

B.A. /B.Sc. (Semester System) (12+3 System of Education)

(Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences)

SEMESTER–I

Drug Abuse: Problem, Management and

Prevention Problem of Drug Abuse

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 50

Instructions for the Paper Setters: - Eight questions of equal

marks (Specified in the syllabus) are to be set, two in each of

the four Sections (A-D). Questions may be subdivided into

parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt

five questions, selecting at least one question from each

Section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section.

SECTION–A

Meaning of Drug Abuse: Meaning, Nature and Extent of Drug

Abuse in India and Punjab.

SECTION–B

Consequences of Drug Abuse for: Individual: Education,

Employment, and Income. Family: Violence. Society: Crime.

Nation: Law and Order problem.

SECTION–C

Management of Drug Abuse: Medical Management:

Medication for treatment and to reduce withdrawal effects.

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SECTION–D

Psychiatric Management: Counseling, Behavioural and

Cognitive therapy. Social Management: Family, Group therapy

and Environmental Intervention.

Note: This book is as per the latest syllabus prescribed by

GNDU Amritsar.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to many people who saw me

through this book; to all those who provided support, talked things

over, read, wrote, offered comments, allowed me to quote their

remarks and assisted in the editing, proof reading and design. My

aim for writing on such a burning topic is the facts which reveal

the disturbing situation of Punjab:

• Around 2,32,856 people in Punjab are drug addicts. (Punjab

Govt. Data 2017)

• 26% of the addicts are HIV Positive.

• Interestingly, children are most susceptible to drug addiction.

• Punjab borders Pakistan making the state the first transit point

for smuggled drugs.

• According to a UNICEF estimate, 90,000 children in Punjab

are drug addicts in the age of 12 to 16 years. The menace of

addiction among the youth in our region, especially in the rural

areas, has reached alarming levels. Much of this can be

attributed to the lack of understanding of this as a disease and

thus denial of proper treatment to the addicted."

I would like to thank Principal DAV College Jalandhar and

DAV Managing committee, New Delhi for giving permissions and

enabling me to publish this book. Above all I want to thank my

wife Rachna, Daughter Aashima and Son Anshuman, who

supported and encouraged me in spite of all the time it took me

away from them. It was a long and difficult journey for them.

I would like to thank Educreation Publishing for helping me in

the process of selection and editing. Special thanks to my friend

Dr. Deepak Wadhawan who encouraged me and is a source of

inspiration for me. Thanks to all my colleagues at college who

supported me in this effort.

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Thanks to my father and mother for showering choicest

Blessings and made me comfortable in my tough times and helped

me with their rich experience in making things happen.

Last and not least: I beg forgiveness of all those who have

been with me over the course of the years and whose names I have

failed to mention."

Prof. Punit Puri

PG Department of Zoology, DAV College

Jalandhar.

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xii

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Drug Abuse

1

Meaning of Drug Abuse

History of Drug Abuse

Humans have long history of drug abuse having used for thousands

of years. Early civilization used wines from at least the time of

early Egyptians. The earliest second use of narcotics dates back to

4000 BC. With medical marijuana appearing in china around 2,737

BC.

The extraction of active ingredients from psychoactive drug

did not occur until 19th century. Thereafter, the emergence of

unregulated and freely prescribed drug such as morphine,

laudanum and cocaine laid the groundwork for modern addiction.

People could buy these drugs in patent medicine bottle at local

drugstores. During the American civil war, the wounded veterans

returned home with their morphine kits.

By the early 1905, an estimated 2, 50,000 morphine addicts

lived in the united. Legislation began to take notice of the

addiction epidemic overtime. The first enhanced legislation against

drug abuse occurred in 1875, when opium dens become outlawed

in San Francisco, the pure food and drug Act of 1914, the Harrison

Narcotic Act dictated the only licensed medical professional and

pharmacies could sell substantial doses of heroin soon followed.

The united state supreme court made it illegal for doctors and

pharmacies to prescribed narcotics and addicts, even as part of an

addiction treatment plan. As a result, the use of narcotics

diminished by 1920s. The prohibition of alcohol occurred in 1919,

but was later removed in 1933.

In the 1930s most states required anti-drug education in public

schools; however fears of experimentation caused it to be

abandoned. After the repeal of prohibition, the United States

federal bureau of narcotics began a campaign to portray marijuana

as entry level drug to other powerful narcotics. In the 1905s, use of

marijuana increased in conjunction with amphetamines and

tranquilizers. The social revolution of 1960s brought with it a

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