Sama Wira Mulpha Industires

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Lot 513, Batu 7 1/4, Jalan Puchong, 58200 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: (60) 03-80701122 (3 lines) Fax: (60) 03-80701011

Email: [email protected]

MS 145 : 2001 MS ISO 9001 : 2000 REG. NO. AR


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INTENTIONALLY

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Lot 513, Batu 7 1/4, Jalan Puchong, 58200 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: (60) 03-80701122 (3 lines) Fax: (60) 03-80701011Email: [email protected]

ONG HIAP HOLDINGS SDN. BHD.

KOPERASI ANGKATAN TENTERA MALAYSIA BHD.

MULPHA CAPITAL PARTNERS SDN. BHD.


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Introduction

SGM fabric is a square orrectangular steel welded mesh

to be used in reinforced concrete

elements. It is manufactured from

hard drawn steel wire in sheets

or rolls and complying with B.S.

4483 : 1985 and M.S. 145 : 2001

with specified characteristic yield

strength of 485 N/mm2. The main

and cross wires of the fabric are

welded rigidly together by an

auto-electro welding machine at

constant spacing.

Standard Sizes and Dimensions

Standard sheets and rolls areavailable readily and are held instock. SGM imperial size fabricsare manufactured in sheets of 2 mwidth and 6 m length or in rolls of2 m x 40 m whereas SGM metricsize fabrics are available in sheetsof 2.2 m width x 6 m length.

Basically, there are four types ofmetric size fabric:

SGM ‘A’ TypeSquare meshes with wire at 200mm spacing each way and wire sizeranging from 4 mm to 12 mm.

SGM ‘B’ TypeRectangular meshes with mainwire spacing of 100 mm and cross-wire spacing of 200 mm. Wire sizeranging from 5 mm to 12 mm.

SGM ‘C’ TypeRectangular long meshes with main

wire spacing of 100 mm and a smallcrosswire at 400 mm spacing. Wiresize ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm.

SGM ‘D’ TypeSmall square meshes with wire at100mm spacing each way. Wire sizeranging from 4mm to 10mm.

The specification of standard meshesare given in Table 3 and Table 4.

If special sizes are preferred in

order to save time and wastage, thetechnical staff will be pleased todiscuss with you.


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Special Sizes

Special sizes and diameters ofSGM fabric can be made availableto meet specified design andconstruction requirement. Variouscombinations of wire diameter andspacing are possible and anyproposal for special fabrics shouldbe in consultation with ourengineers.

Properties

The hard drawn steel wire usedin the manufacture of SGM

fabric meets the requirement of theMalaysian Standard M.S. 145 : 2001steel fabric for the reinforcement ofconcrete which specifies acharacteristic yield strength of

485 N/mm2. The shear strength ofeach weld has a minimum of 125

N/mm2 for anchorage requirement.

To ensure that high quality of SGMfabrics are maintained consistent-ly, the wires are tested at regularintervals as required by SIRIM.

Copies of routine test certificatesare available for inspection at ourPuchong factory.

The British Design Code CP 114Part 2 : 1969 allows a working stress

for SGM fabric of 230 N/mm2 in theworking stress method of design.

The British Design Code BS 8110Part 1 : 1997 allows a specifiedcharacteristic yield strength of

485 N/mm2 for SGM fabric.


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Principal Applications

SGM fabric is especially suitablefor use as reinforcement insuspended and non-suspendedconcrete floor slabs undervarious types of loading. It is also usedin footings, walls, retaining walls,road pavements, tanks,swimming pools, concrete pipes,girder wrapping, precast concreteunits and other structures wheresubstitution of mild steel rolledbars with SGM fabrics are possible.

Ordering SGM Fabric

The length of the fabric sheet is thelength of the main wire. It is veryimportant that the main wire beplace in the correct direction whenusing ‘B’ and ‘C’ types of SGM fabric.

In order to avoid errors at theconstruction site, the length of theSGM fabric is always taken as thelength of the main wire. The lengthof the sheet measured from end toend of the main wire can be of anylength suitable for handling andtransporting and must be a multipleof the cross-wire spacing.

The specification of the main wirelength, spacing and diameter shallbe given before the specification ofcross wire.

Economy

The high quality of SGMfabrics which meet M.S. 145 : 2001requirements result insignificant cost savings. By using

the recommended fabric design stressof 230 N/mm2 and specifiedcharacteristic strength of 485

N/mm2 compared to mild steel design

stress of 140 N/mm2 and specifiedcharacteristic yield strength of 250

N/mm2, a saving of up to 40 percentof the quantity of reinforcementis possible. There is still somesignificant cost saving afterallowing for the higher cost per tonnefor SGM fabric.

In addition to material saving,labour and transport cost arereduced. Construction time is alsosaved, as SGM fabrics are deliveredto the construction site with thewires welded correctly at constantspacings. Wastage will be eliminatedas SGM fabric can be delivered to thesite with cut-to-size fabrics.

SGM technical staff will be pleasedto discuss the details of any costcomparison with you and provide

current costs.

Advantages

SGM fabrics enable engineers andcontractors a readily availablesource of economic reinforcementfor reinforced concrete works.

Its main advantages are:-

• SGM fabrics are manufacturedfrom hard drawn steel wireswhich have a breaking strength

of not less than 534 N/mm2 and aminimum 0.2% proof stress of 485

N/mm2, compared to mild steel

of 250 N/mm2

and high tensilesteel of 410 N/mm2. Hence, therewill be a saving of total tonnageof steel used.

• Consistent quality of material usewith wires of uniform propertiesand accurate diameters.

• SGM fabrics provide positivemechanical anchorage through thewelding of the rigidly connectedcross-wires at intersections.

• SGM fabrics assure the requiredarea of steel at the correct spacingsprovided and hence, time will bereduced on site supervision.

• SGM fabrics are simple to fix andremain in position when properlysupported during concreting.

• Like mild steel, SGM fabrics areadaptable to be bent and shapedto suit the particular job and yet

able to maintain its rigidity afterbending.

• The welds provide good anchor-age for the concrete which in turnwill control and limit any crack linedeveloped.

• SGM fabrics permit enhanced speedand economy in construction whichwill result in savings of labour costsand wastage.


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Anchorage and Laps

Anchorage in Concrete

The intersections between wiresof SGM fabric are welded and willdevelop a weld shear strength of

125 N/mm2. When SGM fabrics arecast in concrete, the anchorage ofthe fabrics necessary to developtensile stresses within the wiresare achieved by the embedmentof the cross wire. With the weld

shear strength of 125 N/mm2,one weld will achieve at least

half of the specified characteristicyield strength of wire.

Therefore, the bond between thewire surface and the concrete canbe disregarded in consideringanchorage, and the tensile stressescan be developed in shorter lengthsthan those required by smoothsteel bars.

Position of Laps

Full yield strength lap splice shouldbe located at points of low tensilestress and in a manner that will avoidcongestion of fabric. If fabric laps arenot well located, poorly compactedconcrete will occur.

Usually the Structural Engineerwill indicate on the drawings thelocation of laps. Laps in the toplayer of fabric should not belocated near laps in the bottomlayer.

All SGM fabrics should be placedaccurately and firmly in positionbefore concreting starts. Smallconcrete blocks are used asspacers under the bottom layerfabric, or on ground slabs where onlyone layer is used. Plastic bar chairsand short length of bar bent intoa hurdle shape should be used tosupport the top layer fabric.

Lap Detail

A lap splice will develop half yieldstrength when SGM fabrics areoverlapped by minimum length of 225mm. This condition of half yield lapsis sometimes used for side laps in oneway slabs and top reinforcement forslabs.

The designer should indicateclearly this situation to contractorsand manufacturers.

A lap splice will develop the full yieldstrength when the SGM fabrics areoverlapped by two welds plus about1 inch. If the overlap is not indicated inthe design, a full strength lap shouldbe used.


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SGM Fabric Substitution forrolled mild steel bars

The equivalent SGM fabric areas forsubstitution of any reinforcementcan be calculated by using one of theformulae below:

Where the allowable design stress for

mild steel is 140 N/mm2 and allowable

design stress for fabric is 230 N/mm2.

The specified characteristic strengthfor mild steel is 250 N/mm2 while thespecified characteristic of SGM fabric

is 485 N/mm2.

Table 1 and 2 show the tabulation ofsubstitution of SGM fabric for mildsteel bars (common sizes used) for easyreference (Design according to BritishCode BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997).

(BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997)

Floor slabs using SGM fabric.


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Automatic Bending Machines

Sama Wira Mulpha Industries

Sdn Bhd introduces the latest modelof automatic machine for bendingelectro-welded meshes in order toserve its clients more efficiently.

The bending machine is capableof bending the steel meshes intopractically any shape according toconsultant requirements.

Examples of shapes obtainable withthe bending machine are as follows:


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Substitution based on British Code BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997


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Substitution based on British Code BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997


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A4

A5

A6

A7

A8

A9

A10

A12

A63

A98

A142

A193

A252

A318

A393

A565

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12

63

98

142

193

252

318

393

565

63

98

142

193

252

318

393

565

0.99

1.54

2.22

3.02

3.95

4.99

6.16

8.88


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mm2 mm2


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A project using SGM fabric.

SGM fabric was used for this project.

Prefabricated concrete walls for medium cost houses using SGM fabric.


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INTENTIONALLY

BLANK


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Lot 513, Batu 7 1/4, Jalan Puchong, 58200 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: (60) 03-80701122 (3 lines) Fax: (60) 03-80701011Email: [email protected]

Sama Wira Mulpha Industires

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