Salvia Divinorum final presentation

Salvia divinorum: Will this sage make you sage?LUCAS CASSERLIE

Salvia divinorum: Background

Limiacea (Mint Family)1-3

Mazatec Indians1-10

Spiritual RitualsMedical Treatment

HallucinogenDream-like

Recreational Usehttp://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-salvia-laws.aspx

Salvinorin A Chemical Structure 1982 Ortega et al.9-10

Κ-Opioid ReceptorNovaScreen™9-10

NIMH-PDSP (National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program)10

Specificity

Siebert DJ. Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: new pharmacologic findings. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994;43:53-56.

Morphine vs. Salvinorin A

http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/3D/morphine_molecule.htm

http://www.sagewisdom.org/salvmlflat.html

Mu Kappa

Salvinorin A: Unique

Non-Nitrogenous Opioid Agonist/ Hallucinogen7,9

Opioid Acting Hallucinogen2-3,5,7-9

5-HT2A

Most Potent Natural Hallucinogen5,9

LSD Equivalent

Routes of Administration

Siebert DJ. (1994)10

Oral Ingestion (0.5-2h)LeavesExtract (200-500µg)

GI Degradation Inhalation (10-30min)

http://kipeducation.com/blog/?p=284

Metabolism and Excretion of Salvinorin A

Hooker et al. (2008)6 Carbon-11 labeled

Salvinorin A Multiple metabolism

mechanismsKidney/Urinary BladderGallbladder

Short Half-Life

Morphine vs. Salvinorin A

http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/3D/morphine_molecule.htm

http://www.sagewisdom.org/salvmlflat.html

Mu Kappa

Carbon-11

Effects of Salvia Divinorum MacLean et al. (2012)7

Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled (N=8) 16 does Salvinorin A (0.375-21µg/kg) Vitals/evaluations during Follow-up interviews

After each session1 month after all sessions

Described Experiences7

MacLean KA, Johnson MW, Reissig CJ, Prisinzano TE, Griffiths RR. Dose-related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects. Psychopharmacology. 2013;226:381-392.

Characteristics of Salvia Divinorum Use

Themes3-4,7-8,10,

Dream-likeContact with entities Revisiting Childhood memories Cartoon Imagery Pulling/Twisted

0 reported bad experiences7

Additional Studies similar to MacLean et al. (2012) Addy PH. (2011) (N=23)4

Dream-like87% positive experience

Ranganathan et al. (2012) (N=10)8

↑ Abuse ↓AddictiveNo adverse effects

Review article (2013)3

Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J. Salvia divinorum: from Mazatec medicinal and hallucinogenic plant to emerging recreational drug. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013;28:403-412.

Salvia divinorum: Will this Sage Make you Sage?

Kappa Opioid Hallucinogen Dream-like effects Recreational, Hallucination-seeking

Sage? Advancements in:

HallucinogensKappa OpioidPsychological Disorders

References 1. Tsujikawa K et al. Determination of salvinorin A and salvinorin in Salvia

divinorum-related products circulated in Japan. Forensic Sci Int. 2008 Jul 31;180:105-109.

2. Willmore-Fordham CB, Krall DM, McCurdy CR, Kinder DH. The hallucinogen derived from Salvia divinorum, Salvinorin A, has κ-opioid agonist discriminative stimulus effects in rats. Neuropharmacology. 2007 Jun 8;53:481-486.

3. Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J. Salvia divinorum: from Mazatec medicinal and hallucinogenic plant to emerging recreational drug. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013;28:403-412.

4. Addy PH. Acute and post-acute behavioral and psychological effects of salvinorin A in humans. Psychopharmacology. 2012;220:195-204.

5. Albertson DN, Grubbs LE. Subjective effects of Salvia divinorum: LSD- or marijuana-like? J Psychoactive Drugs. 2009 Sep;41(3):213-217.

6. Hooker JM et al. Pharmacokinetics of the potent hallucinogen, salvinorin A in primates parallels the rapid onset and short duration of effects in humans. Neuroimage. 2008 Mar 1;41:1044-1050.

References 7. MacLean KA, Johnson MW, Reissig CJ, Prisinzano TE, Griffiths RR. Dose-

related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects. Psychopharmacology. 2013;226:381-392.

8. Ranganathan M et al. Dose-related behavioral, subjective, endocrine, and psychophysiological effects of the κ-opioid agonist salvinorin A in humans. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;72:871-879.

9. Sheffler DJ, Roth BL. Salvinorin A: the ‘magic mint’ hallucinogen finds a molecular target in the kappa opioid receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2003;24(3):107-110.

10. Siebert DJ. Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: new pharmacologic findings. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994;43:53-56.

11. Hooker JM, Patel V, Kothari S, Schiffer WK. Metabolic changes in the rodent brain after acute administration of salvinorin A. Mol Imaging Biol. 2009;11:137-143.