SALTWATER / BRACKISH-WATER AQ [objectives] Chapter 14 • Discuss fundamentals of sw/bw AQ • Identify and explain the kinds of facilities and sites • ID and explain production considerations • Discuss government regs • Discuss culture of shrimp, salmon, mollusks, crustaceans and fish
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SALTWATER / BRACKISH-WATER AQ [objectives] Chapter 14
SALTWATER / BRACKISH-WATER AQ [objectives] Chapter 14. Discuss fundamentals of sw/bw AQ Identify and explain the kinds of facilities and sites ID and explain production considerations Discuss government regs Discuss culture of shrimp, salmon, mollusks, crustaceans and fish. FUNDAMENTALS. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SALTWATER / BRACKISH-WATER AQ [objectives]
Chapter 14
• Discuss fundamentals of sw/bw AQ
• Identify and explain the kinds of facilities and sites
• ID and explain production considerations
• Discuss government regs
• Discuss culture of shrimp, salmon, mollusks, crustaceans and fish
FUNDAMENTALS
• 15 states have shorelines on the Atlantic Ocean, 5 on the GOM, and 5 on Pacific
• Saltwater and brackish-water aquaculture is called as mariculture
• Salinity is the amount of salt in water
• Salinity is measured either with a hydrometer, a refractometer, or a salinometer
HYDROMETER
REFRACTOMETER
SALINOMETER
SITES AND FACILITIES
• Shore – land next to the ocean
• Intertidal – area covered with water during high tide but not during low
• Sublittoral – shallow inshore areas
• Seabed – the ground always covered by the sea
• Open ocean – away from shore
SHORE AQUACULTURE
INTERTIDAL AQUACULTURE
SUBLITTORAL
SEABED AQUACULTURE
OPEN OCEAN
SHRIMP AQUACULTURE
• Ideal for intensive cultivation
• Grow rapidly in intensive facilities
• Great product demand
• Main species cultured:
*brown shrimp
*white shrimp
*pink shrimp
SHRIMP
brown white
pink tiger
PRODUCING SEED
• Gravid females must be captured or produced
• Capturing larval shrimp from the wild is difficult
• Baby shrimp are called nauplii and eat plankton
• Postlarval stage lasts about 50 days• Production ranges from 1000-5000
pounds per acre
SALMON AQUACULTURE
• Salmon are anadromous (live in saltwater; spawn in freshwater)
• Salmon farming – fish are raised from fry in tanks, ponds, or cages
• Salmon ranching – smolt are released in streams; they migrate to ocean; grow to adults and return to release stream to spawn
sockeye coho
chum pink
FISH LADDERS
SALMON EGGS, ALEVINS, AND SMOLT
MOLLUSKS
• The oyster is the most important mollusk commonly cultured in the U.S.
• Other cultured bivalves include clams, mussels, and scallops
• Cultured gastropods include abalone and snails
BIVALVE MOLLUSKSoyster clams
mussels
scallops
OYSTER AQUACULTURE
• Oysters change from males to females as they get larger
• One female may release 50 to 100 million eggs per spawn
• Eggs hatch within a few hours after fertilization
• Turn into spat after 2 weeks and settle onto hard substrate (cultch)
OYSTER AQUACULTURE (cont’d.)
• Oysters are filter feeders (plankton)• Commonly grown on seabed, trays, cages,
rafts, and nets• Oysters require little management except
for diseases and predators• Diseases include oyster fungus, dermo,