Salahuddin Saiphy, IRRAD

Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)

Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)(An initiative of the S.M. Sehgal Foundation)

Finding Innovative Solution for Poverty Eradication in India

through sustainable water management models

Salahuddin SaiphyProgram Leader- Water Management, IRRAD, Gurgaon

Together, We Empower Rural India

Photo: Check dam in Patkhori

Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD) Slide: 2 of 8

Institute of Rural Research And Development(An initiative of S M Sehgal Foundation)

Gradient

Saline

Saline GroundwaterFresh Ground WaterFresh Ground Water

Population: 1.1 Million Villages: 431Rain fall: 594 mm (Non-uniformly distribution)Primary water source: Groundwater (78% - Saline, TDS: >3500 ppm)• High gradient and low retention time for runoff• Poor ground water recharging and • Excessive pumping for domestic and agricultural use• Depleting fresh water aquifers• Encroachment of saline ground water

Mewat at a Glance

Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)04/08/2023 Slide: 3 of 8

Drinking water sources

Wastage of water supply

Women drudgerySchool toilets

School drinking water tankLarge family sizes

Village streets

Water contamination

Limited water sources

A glimpse of water scarcity in Mewat

Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)04/08/2023 Slide: 4 of 8

‘Mission- Water Collection’


Water crisis in villages

Advancing saline and shrinking fresh ground water pocketAravali Hills Aravali Hills

Ghagas Ghagas

Karheda Karheda

Saline Ground Water Moderate Saline Ground Water Fresh Ground Water

Advancing Saline and Shrinking Fresh Ground Water Table

2002 2008

Fresh water village supply water to 8 villages

Community resist water sharing

Ground water depleting fast

Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)6

Unfit water for consumption

Institute of Rural Research And Development(An initiative of S M Sehgal Foundation)

Ground water depleting @ 250-1000 mm per year

Small pockets of sweet water

Drinking water unfit for consumption (WHO standards)

– Nitrates : > 122%

Blue Baby syndrome, renal failure, hemoglobin reduction, neurological problems

– Fluorides : > 50%

Dental problems, abnormal bone growth in spine and crippling

– Iron : > 233%

Pancreatic dysfunction, gastro dysfunction, affects liver and kidney

– Biological contamination:

Typhoid, Cholera, dysentery, Hepatitis, Poliomyelitis


Water salinity and contamination high concentration of chemical and biological contaminants low-lying saline aquifers and saline soil encroaching over fresh

Low recharging and high depletion rate

Unsafe disposal of waste water

Lack of water consciousness

Inequitable distribution and faulty distribution network

Unreliable water supply

Major issues

Dry spells span for 120 days. During these days, women have to travel 3-4 kilometres to fetch water, adding to their drudgery


Small masonry structure

Injecting Wells

Aravali hills

Recharging Well

Check Dam

Village

Stream

Gully Plugs

Agriculture Area

Contour Trenches

Deep plowing

Revived Traditional Structure

Farm Bunding

Roof water harvesting

Taps Campaign

Soak Pits

Address the problem through ‘ridge to valley’ approach


Snapshot of interventions………

Series of check dams (1.4 km long) in Rangala Rajpur

Check dam in Santhawari Pond in Jalalpur

Check dam in Kotla

Rangala Rajpur


CHECK DAM STRUCTUREX-section

Earth filling Masonry wall Earth filling

Ground Level

Innovative solutions

Replacing compacted clay core by thin masonry core wall saved 20% of cost and time


Dry stone masonry

R/R stone masonry

PCC

Chain link mesh

Down stream guide wall

SPILL-OVERSTRUCTUREX-section

Cushion chamber


Replacing mass cement masonry by dry stone masonry saved up to 30% of structure cost




Small intervention, big impact

• Run-off collection on upstream side

• Recharging the collected run-off

• Relief from:

o Erosion of top fertile soil

o Gulley formation in agriculture fields

Treating Culverts for rain water harvesting


Small intervention, big impact

• Reduce runoff velocity

• Minimize soil erosion

• Increase water percolation

Nallah bunds


Conservation is the key

Small structure to raise water level

Water diverted to nearby abandoned well

Converting abandoned wells into recharge structure


Construction by local artisans: Recharge wells


Patkhori: a replicable RWH system model for schools

CostRs 2.3 lakhs

Pre-filter

Storage Tanks25000 ltr

Soak Pit Soak PitFilter

Bio-sand Filter

• Harvested rainwater based water supply for 325 students & teachers of Patkhori school.

• Water availability improves school attendance specially for girls.

• Current students strength is 480

The model is being replicated by:• Education department

Haryana - 501 schools • Tribal Department Chattisgarh – 25 Ashrams

Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)

Patkhori: a replicable RWH system model for schools


3-Tier rain water harvesting system

- Individual, cluster tanks fed by roof water used for drinking and cooking

- Community tanks fed by roof water and filtered pond water used for other domestic needs

Answer to water scarcity


Community water tank: Min. wastage, max. gain

Objective:

• Ensuring 24 hr availability

• Equitable distribution

• Minimize wastage

• Avoid contamination

• Resource conservation (water, energy, time etc.)

Addressing women drudgeryBefore After


Waste water accumulation

Typical village streets


To Soak Pit

From Drain

Silt Trap

Sediments

Floating Scum

Before After

Safe Disposal of Waste Water

Conservation, Safety, environmental hygiene and comfort


Many villages made completely waste water free by

Soak pits

Soak well

Soak trenches

Disposing waste water naturallyMundaka, Untaka, Raipuri, Shadipur, Jalalpur, Mamlika ….

Conservation, Safety, environmental hygiene and comfort


Waste water free streets in Mundaka

Photo: Village streets full of waste water Photo: Same street after construction of soak pits

AfterBefore


Creating fresh water pocket in saline aquifer

TDS at village Khedli Khurd• Groundwater - 1700 PPM• RWH pocket: 52-67 PPM

Pre-filter

Storage & Recharging Tank

Saline ground water

Fresh Water

Hand Pump

Bio-sand filter

Water storage

Converted dry schools into water sustainable


Removes: • Turbidity, Microbiologic contaminants • Iron and with simple adaptation arsenic

Bio-sand Filter

Keeping the water borne diseases away


Reviving Ancient Baoli /step well (Mughal period)

Caring for the heritage


Community involvement


Repairing of damaged check dam through local community


Rejuvenating forest through social fencing


OutcomeIntervention Groundwater

replenishment through check dams and other structures

Rainwater harvesting in schools and other buildings

Wastewater recycling

Total

Annual Water harvesting (kL/year)

1,36,85,403 12,589 141,854 1,38,39,846

Type of village Water Demand(KL/yr/vill.)

Villages can be served

Rain-fed village: Domestic water demand for 2000 people+animal@70 lpcd

51,100 271

Irrigated village: Irrgn. water demand (incl mustard, pearl millet & one vegetable crop) 300 acres@ 1120KL/acre + domestic water demand

336,000 36

Enough to serve


Impact

Steady improvements in groundwater levels

Jan. mar. Apl May Jun July Aug. Sept Oct Nov. Dec.0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2017.65

16.9717.74 17.65 17.7

16.8 16.2

12.3 12.6 12.7 12.8

Trend of groundwater levels (metres) at Bangali Khola- Kotla

* Many dry wells have water today, salinity also regressed


Impact on water levels

Mar/10

Jun/10

Sep/1

0

Dec/10

Mar/11

Jun/11

Sep/1

1

Dec/11

Mar/12

0

5

10

15

20

25

19.89 19.56

14.4 15.4 16.2 16.615.2 15.5 15.95

Trend of ground water in Kotla -Masjid Kui (2010-12)

Wat

er l

evel

in m

etre

s (bg

l)

Mar/10

Jun/10

Sep/1

0

Dec/10

Mar/11

Jun/11

Sep/1

1

Dec/11

Mar/12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

3530.8 29.3

25.4 24.8 25.2 25.9

14.2

24.9 25.6

Trend of ground water level in Bhond- Nooru well (2010-12)

Wat

er l

evel

in m

etre

s (bg

l) Mar/

10

Jun/10

Sep/1

0

Dec/10

Mar/11

Jun/11

Sep/1

1

Dec/11

Mar/12

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1613.2 13.85

8.3 8.1 7.68.4

7.6 7.95 8.2

Trend of ground water levels in Agon - Abdul well (2010-12)

Wat

er l

evel

in m

etre

s (bg

l)


Impact on water quality

TDS M. Alkalinity Total hardness

Magnesium Calcium Chlorides Sulphates Nitrates 0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000 1846

362.5

994.7

74.7

272.3

607

107186

500

200300

50 75250 200

45

1502

349

935

107194

538

52 108.8

Ground Water quality of Qayyum Hand pump in Dhadola Khurd (2011-2012)

Jun-11 Desired limit Jun-12

mg/

l

Coliform per100 ml pH Turbidity Iron Flouride 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18 17

6.93 7.3

1.14 1.29

10

7

5

0.31

5

7.24

3.8

0.88 1.1

Ground Water quality of Qayyum Hand pump in Dhadola Khurd (2011-2012)

Jun-11 Desired limit Jun-12

mg/

l


Impact on water quality

Conductivit

y

Total

dissolve

d solid

s

M. Alka

linity

Total

hardness

Temporar

y hard

ness

Perman

ent h

ardness

Magnesi

um

Calcium

Chlorides

Silica

0

500100015002000250030003500 3110

2153

452

1560

452

1108

227 241639.8

12.90500

200 3000 0 50 75 250

0

2640

1385

376.2

1278

376.2901.8

180 207.9522

25.7

Ground water quality of Daud Hand pump in Raniyala Patakpur (2011-2012)

November 11 Permissible Limits November 12

mg/

l

Conductivit

y

Total

dissolve

d solid

s

M. Alka

linity

Total

hardness

Temporar

y hard

ness

Perman

ent h

ardness

Magnesi

um

Calcium

Chlorides

Silica

0

400

800

1200 992684

331489

331158 57 99.8 175

13.30

500200 300

0 0 50 75250

0

1092

649

270.2400.7

270.2130.5 41.2 90.9 120.4 20.4

Ground water quality of New water supply Tube well in Dhadoli Kalan (2011-2012)

November 11 Permissible Limits November 12

mg/

l


Institutional Mechanism

Water Management Group CompositionRepresentation from all sects of village (religion, cast, economy, street/mohalla, sex etc)

Role Active involvement in –

• Need assessment• Solution design• Site selection• Implementation process• Monitoring

Responsible for operation & maintenance

Community discussing water project blueprint

Community involved in need assessment

Working together with community to combat water crisis


Water literacy campaign

Jal Chetna Yatra (Water Literacy Rally)

Water literacy sessions and Slogan/ paintings


Water Literacy ensures technology adoption

Demonstrating technologies

“Jal Chetna Yatra”(Water Literacy Campaign) Water Literacy through street plays

Inclusion & Empowerment: Women-led Water Management

Empowering and motivating the marginalized


Simple and user friendly technology

Technology

• development

• adaption

• demystification

• dissemination

• promotion

Training students for preparing Bio-sand filter

Promoting technology adoption


Community Radio- Alfaz-e-Mewat

Reach villages: Over 183 in Mewat; 10 + in RajasthanProgramming Hours: 12 hours of daily broadcastCommunity Participation: 10000 caller database

Water focused programs• Tohfa –e-Kudrat- Jal Jangal Aur kheti (Water, Land & Agriculture)- 30 minutes daily (repeat everyday)• Guftgu- Expert Interviews- 30 minutes daily with repeat Has covered programs on watershed management, government schemes, water saving agriculture practices.• Saaf , Safai Aur Sehet (Health & Hygiene)- 30 minutes daily with repeat everyday- covered programs on importance of clean drinking water, use of Bio Sand filters, hand washing, importance of Toilets etc• Community events with school children on sanitation practices

Building awareness among masses

Building Awareness: 1st step towards solution


Making the difference

Improvedavailability &

quality of water

Efficient irrigation system

More choice of

crops

Increased farm

productivity

Lower rain dependence

Reduced women

drudgery

Improved social indicators

Better quality of lifeBenefits reached to: >3,00,000 people over 70 villages


Best Water NGO award 2008-09 for Revival of Rural Water Resources

Best Water NGO award 2007-08 Water Harvesting

Distinguished Water NGO 2009-10 for Revival of Rural Water Resources

Recipient of Best Water NGO by UNESCO & Water Digest…….. three years in a row

“Ground Water Augmentation Award-2009”: Best NGO Northern Zone- by Ministry of Water Resources

Shri Salman Khurshid, Union Minister, Water Resources presenting the award to Jay Sehgal

Encouraging Recognitions

Jal Star Award (by Bhaskar Foundation)


For more information:

Institute of Rural Research & Development(An Initiative of S M Sehgal Foundation)Plot # 34, Sector-44, Gurgaon, Haryana

Phone- 0124-4744118, Fax- 4744123 Mob:9871189564

E mail: [email protected] Website: www.irrad.org

Contact Details

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.irrad.org/

Salahuddin Saiphy, IRRAD

Technology

qayyum hand pump

roof water

water scarcity

small intervention

check dams

rural research

covered programs

30 minutes daily