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DS DENEME SINAVI

SALIK BLMLER -17

A

indekiler:

Cevap Kad

Deneme Snav

Cevap Anahtar

Snavn Yabanc Kelimeleri

Uyarlar:

1. Bu testte 80 soru vardr. Bu sorular iin toplam 3 saat (180 dakika)sre ayrlmtr.

2. Soru trlerine ait giri ve k saatleri, snavn sabah 09:30 12:30arasnda uygulanaca varsaylarak belirlenmitir. Soru trlerine giri

ve k saatlerini, snava baladnz saati esas alarak

deitirebilirsiniz.

3. Dzeyinizi tam olarak belirlemek istiyorsanz, snav tek bir oturumdauygulaynz.

4. Soru trleri iin nerilen sreleri amaynz.5. Bir soru zerindeki deerlendirmenizi bitirdikten sonra, o soruya

tekrar dnmeyiniz.

6. Sorularnza verdiiniz cevaplar daha sonra deitirmeyiniz.7. Cevabn iki seenee kadar indirgediiniz sorularda, size gre doru

kma ihtimali zayf olan seenei iaretleyiniz.

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A

NGLZCESALIK BLMLER - 17

1. 18. sorularda, cmlede bo braklanyerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi

bulunuz.

Balang saati : 09:30Biti saati : 09:48Toplam sre : 18 dakika

w w w . b a d e m c i . c o m

1

Dier sayfaya geiniz.

7. For a long time, scientists ---- by the fact thatthe French ---- to eat fatty diets rich in redmeat but to live as long as those on lean andvegetarian diets.

A) had been intrigued / are tending

B) were intrigued / would have tended

C) would be intrigued / have been tending

D) will have been intrigued / would tend

E) have been intrigued / tend

6. More than 350,000 people in the UK (25,000

of them children) suffer from Type I diabetes,an auto-immune condition that is ---- bya variety of largely unknown genetic andenvironmental factors.

A) taken part in B) brought about

C) cut down on D) done away with

E) got over

5. Short-term memory records the informationin front of us right now, though a portion of

this seems to evaporate soon afterward; theremainder ---- a process in the brain calledconsolidation, which makes it permanent.

A) goes through B) gives off

C) gets away with D) puts off

E) comes up with

4. Traditionally, medicine has taken apaternalistic stance towards patients, with

the all-knowing physician ---- wisdom fromon high, but that is becoming increasinglyunacceptable.

A) informing B) withdrawing

C) requesting D) providing

E) commenting

3. Most multiple-sclerosis patients sufferweakness and visual problems, and theybecome ---- more disabled.

A) hardly B) progressively

C) absolutely D) solely

E) plausibly

2. In the past decade, technology has become---- to freeze human embryos and thensuccessfully transplant them into hostmothers, thereby giving some young women

the option of postponing childbirth.

A) appropriate B) negligible

C) potential D) degraded

E) available

1. The ---- of potassium in the human body isdramatically demonstrated when too much ortoo little of it is secreted.

A) comparison B) attribution

C) significance D) marginality

E) demand

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3


A

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18. In the developing world, the public-sectorhealth care infrastructure is typicallyoverwhelmed, which is not surprisingconsidering ---- national governments spendon health as a share of national income.

A) how little B) few

C) so much D) just as much

E) how many

17. Many surgeons believe that a patient ----face bears a calm expression immediatelybefore an operation is likely to require lessanaesthesia during the procedure.

A) what B) which

C) whatever D) that

E) whose

16. After Hurricane Katrina hit the US city of NewOrleans in 2005 and left it without electricityfor many weeks, mold and spores easily grewin the still-habitable houses, ---- respiratory

and skin problems are still widespread.A) because B) so

C) although D) yet

E) whenever

15. All efforts by the Chinese government toeliminate the most widespread parasiticinfection in the country failed, ---- a new drugarrived in the 1980s that was said to be highlyeffective in controlling the disease.

A) just as B) so that

C) in case D) even after

E) whereby

14. ---- the so-called swine flu turns out to be lessfrightening than first feared, it is only a matterof time before a deadlier one comes along.

A) Unless B) Even if

C) Whether D) While

E) When

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19. 23. sorularda, aadaki paradanumaralanm yerlere uygun den szck yada ifadeyi bulunuz.

Balang saati : 09:48

Biti saati : 09:53Toplam sre : 5 dakika


4


A

SALIK BLMLER - 17

23.

A) with B) from

C) into D) without

E) beside

22.

A) should break down

B) must break down

C) broke down

D) might have broken down

E) may break down

21.

A) that B) what

C) where D) whatever

E) wherever

20.

A) Additionally B) Similarly

C) However D) Indeed

E) Otherwise

19.

A) neutral B) beneficial

C) indeterminate D) minimal

E) economical

Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is classified

into three types: ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet

B (UVB), and ultraviolet C (UVC), depending

on its wavelength. UV light in small amounts is

(19) ----, as it helps the body produce VitaminD. (20 ) ----, larger amounts of UV light damageDNA (the bodys genetic material) and alter the

amounts and kinds of chemicals (21) ---- theskin cells make. UV light also (22) ---- folic acid,sometimes resulting in deficiency of that essential

vitamin in fair-skinned individuals. Although

UVA penetrates deeper(23) ---- the skin, UVBis responsible for at least three quarters of the

damaging effects of UV light, including tanning,

burning, premature skin aging, wrinkling, and skin

cancer.

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24. 35. sorularda, verilen cmleyi uygunekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A

SALIK BLMLER - 17


5


27. Although it has a shameful history ofsabotaging the many attempts to bringuniversal health care to the American people,----.

A) the medical-insurance industry now accepts

the need for radical changes in this area

B) political leaders are increasingly unhappyabout the opposition of the insurance industry

C) a typical insurance company does not want to

see such a model introduced in the US

D) many politicians agree with the position

traditionally taken by these companies

E) a majority of the population is frightened of the

government interfering in their relationships

with their insurers

26. If it is proven to be successful in clinicalstudies, ----.

A) significant results in scar reduction have

already been reported by the University of

Manchester

B) an experimental drug has been designed toreduce certain types of scarring

C) this new preparation comes after decades of

research into its anti-scarring properties

D) the new treatment could be used in the early

management of wounds from surgery andinjury

E) patients are being told not to get their hopes

up of the treatment being available soon

25. ---- that is often associated with extremetiredness.

A) Medical investigators decided to study thebiochemical clock that keeps bodies running

parallel with the sun

B) Molecular biologists are feverishly at work on a

new research project

C) Most disorders requiring surgery duringpregnancy centre on the abdominal region

D) Occupational safety regulations issued by the

US government have resulted in an industryrecord

E) Rheumatoid arthritis is one example of adisease

24. Since the response to a cholera outbreak isoften led by medical professionals, ----.

A) epidemics can easily escalate into pandemics

when medications are scarce

B) another disease should be chosen by those in

charge

C) doctors and nurses must learn to cooperate inemergency and non-emergency situations alike

D) other aspects, such as environmental orcommunication issues, might tend to be

neglected

E) cholera often results in severe dehydration andeven death

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31. ----, he was one of three people awarded the2008 Nobel Prize for Medicine.

A) Only if Harald zur Hausens earlier work with

retroviruses is excluded

B) Unless scientists other than Harald zur Hausen

had not received credit for their discoveries

C) Unlike the medical breakthroughs achieved by

other men that had been honoured previously

D) Because Harald zur Hausen had discoveredthat human papilloma viruses cause cervical

cancer

E) Now that human papilloma viruses are known

to cause cervical cancer

30. Laser light usually passes easily throughbone, ----.

A) except in cases where its use has been ruled

out

B) unless the diagnosis is incorrect

C) as will many orthopaedic surgeons

D) whereas bone seldom displays resistance to it

E) but sound does not

29. Ever since scientists learned how tomanipulate genes, ----.

A) doctors and patients have pinned their hopes

on this knowledge being transmuted into readily

available medical procedures

B) advances in gene therapy are expected to be

announced by research teams in Japan and

Argentina in the near future

C) all gene therapy rests on the idea that the

patients genes can be manipulated in such away that the organism fixes itself

D) various other therapies, such as bone-marrowtransplants, have proved inadequate in making

headway against the rare disorder of severe

combined immuno-deficiency

E) no clinical trial expects to get ultimate approval

in the near future by health authorities in the US

and Europe

28. Although it is not an automatic correlation,----.

A) shock-absorbing shoes with cushioned soleshave long been considered better for runners

B) there are two types of diabetes, Type I andType II

C) people who have a family history of cancer may

be at greater risk for the disease

D) cholesterol-lowering drugs are covered by the

more comprehensive medical-insurance plans

E) ones doctor should inspire a feeling of trust,

not fear

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35. The British Medical Association is comingunder pressure to support compulsorychildhood vaccinations, ----.

A) when such interventions are insisted on by the

parents

B) whereas there are several diseases for which

there are no vaccinations

C) after a false scare about autism led to a drop

in vaccinations and a big jump in measles

cases

D) most of which were of no value after a certain

age

E) but this fails to take into account the views of

the general public

34. Common bacterial infections have evolved tobecome a nightmare for hospitals worldwide----.

A) because they have developed resistance to

overused antibiotics

B) despite the fact that hygiene levels are not as

high as they should be

C) if the staff within them dont continue to followproper sterilization procedures

D) that are struggling with ever-increasingsurgical and administrative costs

E) before antibiotics came into widespread use

after the Second World War

33. The waiting lists for organ transplants in theWestern countries are becoming longer andlonger ----.

A) so that desperate people in developing

countries try to sell their own kidneys

B) as more of the ageing populations there

develop life-threatening conditions

C) although China and India, for example, are

trying to stop the illegal trade in organs

D) in case people hoping to receive a new liver or

heart dont die prematurely

E) even if a greater number of surgeons could be

persuaded to perform such operations

32. ----, many women will welcome theopportunity to take some preventive actionagainst bone thinning.

A) As they enter middle age

B) Despite the fact that their emotional outburstsare seldom justified

C) Knowing that sports injuries are almost

inevitable in the highly active

D) Unless they are told to do so by their doctors

E) When doctors forget to advise their patients

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36. 38. sorularda, verilen ngilizce cmleyeanlamca en yakn Trke cmleyi bulunuz.



A

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8


38. Almost all the molecules a cell makes arecomposed of carbon atoms bonded to oneanother and to atoms of other elements.

A) Hem birbirine hem de dier elementlerin

atomlarna bal karbon atomlarndan oluan

molekllerin tm, hcrelerce retilir.

B) Bir hcrenin rettii molekllerin hemen

hemen tm, birbirine ve dier elementlerin

atomlarna bal karbon atomlarndan

olumaktadr.

C) Molekllerin tm, gerek birbirlerine gerekdier elementlerin atomlarna bal karbon

atomlar olup, hcrelerde oluur.

D) Hemen hemen btn molekller, hcrelerde

retilerek, birbirlerine ve ayrca dierelementlerin atomlarna bal karbon

atomlarn ierirler.

E) Birbirlerine olduu kadar dier elementlerinatomlarna da bal karbon atomlarnn

oluturduu molekllerin neredeyse tm,

hcrelerde retilir.

37. Milk and other dairy products have long beenrecognized as highly nutritious foods, richin protein and minerals necessary for goodteeth and strong bones.

A) Protein ve mineraller bakmndan zengin olanst ve eitli st rnlerinin, salam di ve

kuvvetli kemikler iin nemli derecede yararl

gdalar olduu her zaman kabul grmtr.

B) Eskiden beri kabul edildii zere, salam di

ve kuvvetli kemikler iin zengin protein ve

mineraller ieren st ve st rnleri, olduka

besleyici gdalardr.

C) Salam di ve kuvvetli kemikler iin zengin

protein ve mineraller ieren st ve st

rnlerinin, ok yararl gdalar olduu eskiden

de kabul edilirdi.

D) St ve dier st rnleri, eskiden beri, salam

di ve kuvvetli kemikler iin gerekli olan proteinve mineraller bakmndan zengin, son derece

besleyici gdalar olarak kabul edilmektedir.

E) St ve eitli st rnleri, salam di ve

kuvvetli kemikler iin zengin protein ve

mineraller ierirler ve bu bakmdan her zaman

son derece yararl gdalar olarak kabul edilirler.

36. Certain kidney disorders are diagnosed byinjecting a radioactive chemical into thepatients blood and then measuring theamount of radioactive material passed in theurine.

A) Baz bbrek bozukluklar, hastann kanna

radyoaktif bir kimyasal zerk edilerek ve sonraidrara geen radyoaktif maddenin miktar

llerek tehis edilir.

B) Baz bbrek bozukluklarn tehis etmek iin,

hastann kanna radyoaktif bir kimyasal zerk

edildikten sonra, bu radyoaktif maddenin idrara

ne miktarda getii llr.

C) Hastann kanna zerk edilen radyoaktif bir

kimyasaln, radyoaktif madde olarak ne

miktarda idrara kart llerek belli baz

bbrek bozukluklarnn tehisi yaplr.

D) Belli bal bbrek bozukluklarnn tehisi,

hastann kanna radyoaktif bir kimyasaln zerk

edilerek idrara karan radyoaktif maddenin

miktarnn llmesi ile gerekletirilir.

E) Bbrek bozukluklarndan bazlarnn tehisedilmesi, radyoaktif bir kimyasaln, hastann

kanna zerk edildikten sonra, idrara geen

radyoaktif madde llerek gerekletirilir.

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39. 41. sorularda, verilen Trke cmleyeanlamca en yakn ngilizce cmleyi bulunuz.



A

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9


41. Egzersiz, kalp hastal riskini yaryaindirebilir, ancak ou yetikin, tavsiye edilenegzersizleri yapmay ihmal etmektedir.

A) Adults in general neglect the kind of exercises

they have been advised to do even though

they are aware that exercise reduces the risk

of heart disease by half.

B) The risk of heart disease can be reduced

by half through exercise, although a great

majority of adults are indifferent to the

exercises they have been advised to do.

C) Exercise can cut the risk of heart disease

in half, but most adults neglect to do the

exercises recommended.

D) Since many adults fail to do the recommended

exercises, they always face the risk of heartdisease that can be cut down in half through

exercise.

E) Exercise is indispensable in order to reducethe risk of heart disease by half, but a

growing number of adults refuse to do their

recommended exercises.

40. Baz kanser trlerine bal lm oranlarson yllarda dmtr, ancak kanserin yolat lmlerin genel oran, endie verici birekilde artmaktadr.

A) In recent years, death rates connected withsome kinds of cancer have fallen dramatically,

while the number of deaths caused by othertypes of cancer has shown much increase.

B) There has been a noticeable decrease inrecent years in certain cancer death rates

even though the average rate of deaths

related to cancer in general has been

increasing seriously.

C) In recent years, a remarkable decrease of

deaths related to various types of cancer has

been noticed, although there is a worrying

increase in the number of deaths due tocancer in general.

D) Some types of cancer have a low rate of

death, but in recent years there has been aworrying increase in the overall rate of deaths

due to cancer in general.

E) Death rates due to some types of cancer have

decreased in recent years, but the overall rate

of deaths caused by cancer is alarmingly on

the rise.

39. Kemoterapinin yan etkileri, ilalarn,hzla blnen normal hcreler zerindekietkilerinden ileri gelmektedir.

A) It is the adverse effects drugs have on rapidly-

divided normal cells that lead to the side effectsof chemotherapy.

B) Since drugs have adverse effects on normal

cells that divide very fast, this leads to the sideeffects of chemotherapy.

C) The side effects of chemotherapy are closelyrelated to the effects that drugs have on rapidly-

divided normal cells.

D) The side effects of chemotherapy are due tothe drugs effects on normal cells that rapidly

divide.

E) Due to the rapid division of normal cells,

brought about by the effects of drugs,

chemotherapy has side effects.

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46. In 1572, Michel de Montaigne, a Frenchphilosopher, observed that there are menon whom the mere sight of medicine isoperative. Over the centuries, all manner ofsugar pills and bitter tonics have been given

to patients in the belief that they might dosome good and probably will do no harm.---- While some consider this a virtuous lie,others argue it is unethical.

A) The problem is that doctors have usually

prescribed such placebos while telling patientsthat they are sure to make them feel better.

B) An added benefit of this approach is that the

prescribed items are available at much lowercost than standard pharmaceuticals, thus

relieving families financially.

C) Fortunately, the American Medical Associationadvised its members in 2006 to use a placebo

for diagnosis or treatment only if the patient is

so informed and agrees to it.

D) Similarly, so-called faith healing carried out by

unconventional religious leaders has hundreds

of thousands of believers worldwide.

E) There are two explanations for the apparent

popularity of placebos: they do, in fact, work;

and they are used by overworked doctors to

deal with troublesome patients.

45. ---- Their findings raise possible healthconcerns for those working in themanufacture of the materials. Carbonnanotubes are rolled-up sheets of graphitethousands of times thinner than a human

hair. Because they are immensely strongand are good electricity conductors, theyare poised for use in a wide range of fields,from engineering to medicine. However, theirsimilarity in shape to asbestos fibres, whichare known to damage the lungs, is giving riseto fears of their adverse effects on humanhealth.

A) Carbon nanotubes are unlikely to pose risks

to the general public when incorporated into

products.

B) In studies done on mice, inhaling nanotubesaffected the function of T-cells, a type of white

blood cell that organizes the immune system.

C) Scientists are trying to determine if the

production of carbon nanotubes has any

biological after-effect.

D) Suppression by nanotubes of the immune

system in mice has been halted by

administering one of the standard anti-inflammatory drugs.

E) Inhaling carbon nanotubes can suppress

the immune system, according to scientistswho have just completed a study of this new

substance.

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47. 51. sorularda, karlkl konumann bobraklan ksmn tamamlayabilecek ifadeyibulunuz.



A

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49. Nancy:- Things are getting crazier and crazierin science. Now the US government hasapproved a new drug that is not made in afactory but in genetically-modified goats!

Julie:

- ----

Nancy:

- They secrete the drug in their milk, andits then used to untangle blood clots inpatients.

Julie:

- I suppose thats okay, as long as theanimals are not harmed in the process.

A) Is that a drug that you and I are likely to needin the future?

B) Wont that lead to unemployment in the drugindustry?

C) Are the goats even aware of what has beendone to them?

D) Why has the government allowed theproducers of this drug to go so far beyond

what is normal?

E) What do the goats do that a factory cant?

48. Barbara:- Isnt your mother taking special herbalmedicines for her arthritis?

Mark:

- Yes, she decided to go the natural route

after reading about possible side effects ofconventional medication.

Barbara:

- ----

Mark:

- Then Id better speak to her and urge her tosee a specialist.

A) If we lived in Britain, she wouldnt have to payto see an arthritis specialist under the NationalHealth Service there. But here, cost is alwaysa consideration, unfortunately.

B) Ive always confused rheumatoid arthritis withosteoarthritis. Which one does your motherhave?

C) Many people believe they can better benefitfrom herbs and minerals instead of drugs theyperceive to be risky.

D) Yet, it has now been proved that many herbalmedicines and alternative therapies do nothingto help people with arthritis.

E) What kind of side effects are you referring to?

I think your mother has done the right thing.

47. Robert:- Like most people, you probably think thatthe billions of dollars poured by the Westinto fighting diseases in poor countries haveproduced only good results.

Tom:

- Of course, I do. For one thing, its well-known that millions of people are alive todaybecause of the coordinated distribution ofHIV drugs in developing countries.

Robert:- ----

Tom:

- Thats a serious issue that needs to beaddressed.

A) The World Health Organization has beenoverseeing disease-elimination programmes

that are making excellent progress.

B) Youre absolutely right. In fact, funding forhealth support in poor countries has increased

enormously in recent years.

C) Thats true; but theres a minus side, too: allthat money has undermined some countries

health systems by luring doctors and nurses

away from hospitals to work for Western

organizations.

D) Whats more, in 2000, there was a worldwide

reaction of outrage over the situation in Africa,

where many were dying of AIDS because of the

unavailability of HIV drugs there.

E) Dont you know that an investigative report on

the impact of all that money on hospitals andclinics in the poorer countries has just been

published?

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51. Michael:

- I have finally decided to quit smoking while Istill have my health.

Dorothy:

- Good for you! Its hard to believe that

cigarette smoking, which is banned insidemost places now for health reasons, used tobe encouraged by the government.

Michael:

- You must be joking!

Dorothy:

- ----

A) You know I never joke about social problems

and the situation of the poor. Theres nothing

funny about people going hungry.

B) Smoking has been proven to greatly increase

the likelihood of later getting lung cancer, heart

disease, and several other terrible conditions.

C) No, Im serious. In wartime, the generals told

the government they needed tobacco asmuch as bullets, and the government happily

sent both.

D) Yes, actually. Do you want to hear even funnierjokes? I know one about two nurses who

worked in a childrens hospital.

E) The harmful effects of passive smoking on

people who are not themselves smokers are

only now becoming known by the general

public.

50. Doctor:- Now that you are receiving chemotherapy,I must warn you against opportunisticinfections.

Patient:

- What exactly are you talking about?Doctor:

- ----

Patient:

- So that probably means bacteria that areusually harmless can overwhelm my bodyand cause disease.

A) Well, you know chemotherapy weakens your

immune system.

B) Perhaps you should bring me your vaccine

report, so that we can check what diseases you

are immune to.

C) Well, I think it would be best if you avoided

close contact with people who have even the

common cold.

D) Once your chemotherapy is over, well have

to check your body functions and infection

resistance again.

E) Well, there are infections that affect people of a

certain age group.

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52. 56. sorularda, cmleler srasylaokunduunda parann anlam btnlnbozan cmleyi bulunuz.



A

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14


56. (I) Some pathogens are spread fromone person to another by direct contact.(II) They leave the first person throughbody openings, mucous membranes, andskin wounds, and they enter the secondperson through similar channels. (III) Many

pathogens that once meant certain death forpeople are now dealt with easily by wide-spectrum antibiotics. (IV) Other pathogensinvolve an intermediary carrier, such as aninsect. (V) The malarial parasite, for example,spends part of its life cycle in mosquitoes,then enters a persons bloodstream when themosquito bites the person.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

Not: 5 dakika dinlenme aras. Bu esnada seenekdalmnz (56. soruya kadar hangi seenekten,ka adet iaret koyduunuzu) hesaplaynz(rn: A = 7 seenek; B = 9 seenek, vs.).

55. (I) The government of Botswana, knowingthat up to a third of its population had HIV orAIDS, announced in 2001 that it would offerfree antiretroviral treatment to every citizenwith AIDS. (II) It was a major medical stepforward for sub-Saharan Africa. (III) By thetime the HIV drugs had hit the shelves, justabout everybody in Botswana knew of it.(IV) And yet, on the last day of 2003, morethan two years after the launch of theprogramme, only about 15,000 people hadcome forward for treatment. (V) Due towidespread starvation and disease, theAfrican continent will always be a risky placeto raise children.


54. (I) Sutures have a long and bizarre history,dating back to ancient Egypt, whereeverything from tree bark to hair was usedto stitch human flesh back together again.(II) In Egypts wars with its neighbours,

unknown numbers of young men werewounded while fighting. (III) Fifty years ago,a soldier injured on the battlefield wouldhave been sewn up by medics using sheepsgut. (IV) A hundred years earlier, they wouldhave used silk; before that, metal wire.(V) Today, surgeons often prefer plasticssuch as polypropylene.


53. (I) One of the drawbacks of drugs in generalis that they have a variety of adverse sideeffects. (II) Treatment of vertigo can bedivided into three general categories:specific, symptomatic, and rehabilitive.(III) In the first category are included

antibiotics, anticoagulants, and surgery.(IV) In fact, many different classes of drugshave been found to have antivertiginousproperties. (V) However, all of these drugscan cause metabolic complications, so thedecision on which drug or combination to useis based on their known properties and on theseverity and duration of the vertigo.


52. (I) The coming convergence of biologyand engineering will be led by informationtechnologies, which in medicine meansthe digitization of medical records and theestablishment of an intelligent networkfor sharing those records. (II) Thatessential reform will enable many other bigtechnological changes to be introducedthroughout the health-care sector. (III) Just

as important, it can make personal medicalinformation available to the patients too,enabling them to make decisions related totheir own health. (IV) Technology in generalis advancing so quickly that many peoplebelieve it will improve the quality of lifesignificantly. (V) However, many doctors, andsome patients, believe that patients lack theknowledge to make informed decisions abouttheir own health.


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57. - 80. sorular

57. 60. sorular aadaki paraya grecevaplaynz.

Balang saati : 11:00Biti saati : 12:00Toplam sre : 60 dakika

Her bir metin ve buna ait 4 soruyu cevaplamakiin toplam 10 dakika ayrnz.

A

SALIK BLMLER - 17


15


60. It is suggested in the passage that the human

brain ----.

A) needs to be adjusted before deaf people can

hear with the implants

B) has a history of entering into relationships with

some machines

C) consists exclusively of neurons dedicated to

the sense of hearing

D) is capable of creating new ways of processing

information

E) always needs to be supported by artificialcochleas

57. The passage makes clear that cochlear

implants ----.

A) have helped many people with hearing difficulty

to hear better

B) were enthusiastically approved by

neuroscientists when they were introduced

C) can only be used with a specially fine-tuned

telephone

D) will in the future be inserted into the brains of

patients

E) weaken the brains ability to rememberelectrical signals

59. We see from the passage that implantablebrain chips ----.

A) are now in use at the University of Southern

California

B) have already managed to improve peoples

memories

C) have already been developed to improve the

quality of hearing

D) represent the latest generation of

telecommunications technology

E) may be developed in the future to strengthen

memory

58. According to the passage, artificial cochleashave enabled certain deaf people to ----.

A) understand the purpose of strange signals

B) conduct telephone conversations

C) look forward to future brain/machine

cooperation

D) stimulate the neurons in their brains

E) hear just as well as normal people

The brains capacity for finding new informationprocessing pathways is thought to explain thesuccess of artificial cochleas, which have beenimplanted in the ears of approximately 100,000hearing-impaired people around the world. Theytypically have an array of electrodes, each of

which channels electrical signals toward theauditory nerve. The electrodes can stimulatenot just a single neuron in the brain but manysimultaneously. When cochlear implants firstappeared in the 1980s, many neuroscientistsexpected them to work poorly, given theirprimitive design. But the devices work wellenough for some deaf people to converse overthe telephone, particularly after an adjustmentperiod during which channel settings are fine-tuned to provide the best reception. Patientsbrains somehow figure out how to make themost out of the strange signals. The surprisingeffectiveness of artificial cochleas together

with other evidence of the brains adaptability has fuelled optimism about the prospects forbrain/machine substitution. A case in point is anongoing project at the University of SouthernCalifornia that seeks to create implantable brainchips that can restore or enhance memory.

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16


64. The passage states that complementaryfoods ----.

A) are chosen according to how well they matchthe formula being given

B) should be mixed with formulas before being

fed to infants

C) must completely replace the mothers breast

milk in the diet

D) should only be given when a mothers milk

lacks the necessary iron

E) are best added to an infants diet gradually

63. According to the passage, six months is theage ----.

A) from which all future meals until adulthood are

decided on

B) when the greater importance of infancybecomes clear

C) in which any kind of replacement food isdiscontinued

D) when the addition of other foods to the babys

diet is recommended

E) when breast-feeding should be stopped

62. It is pointed out in the passage that infantformulas given in a childs first year ----.

A) bring the digestive efficiency of the infant

almost up to the level of an adult

B) should never be combined with replacement

foods

C) must not be a cause of concern to mothers

who are still breast-feeding

D) will interfere with the effectiveness of

complementary foods

E) are a reliable way to provide needed nutrition

after the first six months of life

61. We see from the passage that breast-feedingan infant older than six months of age ----.

A) carries the possible risk of leaving the childshort of needed nutrients

B) must be replaced altogether by other nutrients

C) is much better than trying to replace it with

formula

D) meets all the prescribed nutritional

requirements of the child

E) has a long-term effect on inadequate orexcessive intake of food

By six months of age, the infants capacityto digest and absorb a variety of dietarycomponents as well as to metabolize andexcrete the resulting products is near thecapacity of the adult. Consideration of thelong-term effects of inadequate or excessiveintakes during infancy now assumes greaterimportance. These considerations about deliveryof adequate amounts of nutrients are the basisfor many of the feeding practices advocatedduring the second six months of life. Althoughit is clear that all nutrient needs during thisperiod can be met with reasonable amounts ofcurrently available infant formulas, addition ofother foods after four to six months of age isrecommended. In contrast, the volume of milkproduced by many women may not be adequateto meet all nutrient needs of the breast-fed infantbeyond about six months of age, especially iron.Thus, for breast-fed infants, complementaryfoods are an important source of nutrients.Complementary foods (i.e., the additional foods,including formulas, given to the breast-fedinfant) or replacement foods (i.e., food other thanformula given to formula-fed infants) should beintroduced step by step to both breast-fed andformula-fed infants, beginning between four and

six months of age.

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17


68. According to the passage, just appearingaged without actually being so ----.

A) harms the community of potential partners

B) means you will think fewer people are

attractive

C) shows your real attitude towards babies

D) affects your bodys ability to reproduce

E) makes it more difficult to have a baby

67. The passage indicates that the purpose ofthe soma is to ----.

A) oppose a persons desire not to become old

B) transmit genes to ones child or children

C) separate itself from the organisms sex cells

D) persuade the organism to reproduce earlier

E) prefer to conserve the organisms resources

66. It can be understood from the passage thatsome researchers ----.

A) are trying to extend their own lives to the

maximum

B) are unsure if extending the human lifespan is

worth doing

C) now think it may be possible to help people to

live longer

D) are preparing a large supply of spare parts to

help people live indefinitely

E) have the goal of making people like machines

65. As we can infer from the passage, naturetends to ----.

A) question whether human bodies can be

repaired

B) favour shorter lifespans for living creatures

C) limit the number of partners a person can find

D) make people look old before they become old

E) oppose the evolutionary force of soma

Following the growth of biological knowledgein the past few decades, a few researchersnow believe extension of the human lifespanmight be within reach. Why do organisms people included age in the first place? Likemachines, people wear out. However, a machinecan usually be repaired. A good mechanicwith a stock of spare parts can keep it goingindefinitely, to the point where no part of theoriginal remains. The question arises, of course,of whether the machine is worth repairing. It ishere that people and nature disagree. From theindividuals point of view, survival is a must. Youcannot reproduce unless you are alive. Since

ageing is a sure way of dying, it is no surprisethat people want to stop it from advancing.Moreover, even the appearance of ageing canbe harmful. It reduces the range of potentialpartners who find you attractive since it is asign that you are not going to be around for avery long time to help bring up the baby andthis, in turn, restricts your ability to reproduce.There is a paradox, however: the individualsevolved desire not to age is opposed by anotherevolutionary force, the disposable soma. Thesoma is all of a bodys cells apart from the sexcells. Its role is to get the sex cells, and thus theorganisms genes, into the next generation. Butevolutionary logic seems to require the soma toage and die in order for a species to continue.There is thus a premium on reproducing earlyrather than conserving resources for a futurethat may never come.

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18


72. The passage suggests that the implantationof pig-boosted T-cells back into the originalhuman donor ----.

A) has not been attempted yet by the researchers

B) was successful in restoring the persons

immune system to childhood levels

C) resulted in a new immune system for him

or her that was capable of fighting specific

diseases

D) was stopped by the researchers discovery of

a dormant pig virus in the DNA

E) was refused by him or her out of fear of the

possible dangers it might bring

71. According to the passage, the researchteams experiments demonstrated that ----.

A) humans immune systems diminish in powerafter childhood

B) immune cells that had been grown in pigs

could fight HIV and cancer

C) human T-cells need to be alongside pig

immune cells to be fully functional

D) piglets that were injected with human stem

cells soon produced a variety of human T-cells

E) pig foetuses could be made to produce humanT-cells

70. The passage points out that a humansimmune system ----.

A) grows gradually stronger as he or she gets

older

B) is exactly the same as a pigs

C) functions at peak levels during childhood

D) eventually declines to zero in old age

E) consists of many copies of one kind of T-cell

69. We can understand from the passage thatregulatory authorities ----.

A) are concerned that using pigs to grow human

immune cells might be harmful

B) should first convince the researchers to safely

test the technique against specific diseases

C) are responsible for protecting the health of

baby pigs implanted with human cells

D) are most afraid of the possibility of the pigs

inability to produce enough human immune

cells

E) have been working closely with the researchers

to ensure the experiments were done correctly

Individual banks of immune cells taken from

pigs might one day be used to boost our ownimmune systems or to fight HIV and cancer. Ourimmune systems T-cells, which play a key rolein fighting off diseases, are sharpened duringchildhood to attack particular pathogens afterencountering them. This flexibility diminishesafter a child reaches young adulthood, butresearchers at a US university have come upwith a way to revive it. According to them, ifa humans immune cells are transferred intoa young pig, they could be brought up tomaximum effectiveness (as in a childs body),then implanted back into the person theycame from. The research team has already hadsuccess with experiments where human stem

cells were injected into developing pig foetuses;when the piglets were born, the injected cellshad multiplied and matured into a diverserange of human T-cells, alongside the pigsown immune cells, that were shown to be fullyfunctional. The chief researcher envisions thisapproach eventually being used to make humancells that fight specific diseases. The necessarytechnology is available now to introduce thetechnique widely, provided that regulatoryauthorities can be convinced that it can be safelytested in humans. However, the fear is thatdormant pig viruses buried in their DNA could bespread to humans. Another potential danger isthat human-derived cells might pick up surfacemolecules from the pig. This could make thetransferred cells themselves targets for immunedestruction. The pigs might also produce too fewhuman cells to fight disease.

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19


76. It is clearly pointed out in the passage thatasthma ----.

A) is most widespread in countries with

prosperous populations

B) always causes serious damage in the lungs,which try to fight it off

C) has only recently become a serious concern

among researchers in English-speaking

countries

D) causes a great deal of TSLP secretion in the

body, which leads to skin-allergy

E) is generally ignored among the people who

are not wealthy enough to seek medical aid

75. According to the passage, WashingtonUniversity researchers ----.

A) have been harshly criticized by their

colleagues around the world

B) are strongly of the opinion that there is a link

between eczema and asthma

C) feel that they still have to carry out newexperiments as regards asthma

D) have already come up with a set of solutionsto reduce the rate of eczema among American

children

E) have collaborated with their British, Australianand New Zealander colleagues to study

eczema and asthma

74. The passage points out that the prevalenceof eczema among children in America ----.

A) is related to their distress levels

B) is much higher than it is in other English-speaking countries

C) may be due to peoples failure to worry about

it

D) results from the abundance of TSLP in that

country

E) is much higher than that of asthma in the

general population

73. It is clear from the passage that a causativerelationship between skin damage and asthma----.

A) has been proven only in English-speaking

countries

B) would mean that allergens would no longer play

a role in asthma attacks

C) has been established in mice but not yet inhuman beings

D) means over-exposure to the sun may hurt thelungs

E) does not provide immunity to sufferers of both

conditions

Asthma is a life-threatening, allergy-drivenlung disease common in wealthy countries. Butexactly what causes it is unknown. Researchersat Washington University believe the directcause of asthma is a chemical distress signalproduced in skin that is damaged by anotherhazard of modern life: eczema. Unlike asthma, itis not dangerous, so people rarely worry aboutit. Nevertheless, 17% of children in Americahave it, and similarly high figures are found inAustralia, Britain, and New Zealand. What isparticularly intriguing is that many people witheczema go on to develop asthma (in America, thefigure is 70%). That compares with an asthma

prevalence of 4-8% in the general population.The Washington University group theorizes thatthe link between the two conditions is formedby thymic stromal lympho-poietin (TSLP), asignalling molecule secreted by damaged skincells that elicits a strong immune response fromthe body to fight off invaders. Thus, eczema-induced TSLP enters the bloodstream and,when it arrives at the lungs, sensitizes themso that they react to allergens that would notpreviously have bothered them. In other words,they become asthmatic. Several experimentscarried out by the researchers, only on mice,have confirmed that skin damage createssusceptibility to asthma by releasing TSLP.

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A


20


SALIK BLMLER - 17


Patients are admitted to critical care unitsfrom a variety of settings, including theemergency department, medical or surgicalservice, or operating room. Most critical carepatients are acutely and severely ill, commonlywith dysfunction or failure of more than oneorgan system. The initial assessment mustbe rapid and focus on real or potentially life-threatening processes that require immediateintervention. An example is the resuscitationof a patient with cardiopulmonary arrest. Thepace of resuscitation is necessarily quick;physical examination may be restrictedinitially to the central nervous, cardiovascular,

and respiratory systems, and interventionsmay be limited to the essential ABCs ofairway, breathing, and circulation. Later,continuous electrocardiographic monitoring,measurement of blood pressure, and otherstandard procedures should start. In general,management of the critically ill patient shouldbe based on an understanding of physiologyand pathophysiology. Indeed, although thecontributions of cell and molecular biologyto critical care medicine are substantial, thecritical care unit more resembles a physiologylaboratory, since the effects of its interventionscan be directly observed.

78. We learn from the passage that critical caremedicine ----.

A) rests primarily on the underlying disciplines of

physiology and pathophysiology

B) has received the greatest amount of support

from emergency departments

C) often must be based within an actual

physiology laboratory

D) revolves around the essential ABCs of airway,

breathing, and circulation

E) is necessarily concerned with the pace of

resuscitation in cardiopulmonary arrest

80. The passage states that critical care units----.

A) only deal with patients having multi-organdysfunction or failure

B) specialize in resuscitating those with

cardiopulmonary arrest

C) take into consideration the principles of

physiology when accepting patients

D) have benefited financially from cell andmolecular biology institutions

E) accept patients from several different areas

within a hospital

Kalan 30 dakika srenin 15 dakikasn hi bakamadnzsorular iin kullanabilirsiniz. Daha nce zerindeuratnz sorulara tekrar geri dnmeyiniz. Son 15 dakikalk sreyi asla soru zerek geirmeyiniz.Bu sre zarfnda seeneklerinizi saynz ve bo braktnzsorular, cevap kadnzda sayca en az kan seeneegre iaretleyiniz.

TEST BTT.

CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDNZ.

79. According to the passage, standard

procedures in a critical care unit ----.A) must be carried out as soon as a patient is

admitted

B) are primarily restricted to patients with


C) can begin only after the immediate initial

assessment has been completed

D) should never be limited even though the

patient is receiving immediate intervention

E) should be clearly defined before the patients

case is fully specified

77. The passage explains that initial assessmentin the critical care unit ----.

A) aims to resuscitate patients with


B) is only done for patients who are suffering from

various diseases

C) can itself become a life-threatening process if

the ABCs are not limited

D) must be immediate and centre on saving life

E) determines the ultimate survival of patients

suffering from heart disease

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mB C D EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

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DS DENEME SINAVISALIK BLMLER - 17

CEVAP ANAHTARI

A BKitapk Tr :

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DS DENEME SINAVISALIK BLMLER - 17YABANCI KELMELER


1

childbirth = doum, childbearing

appropriate = uygun, yerinde, suitable, proper, ztanl.= inappropriate, unsuitable

negligible = nemsiz, yok denecek kadar az,ihmal edilebilir, insignicant, minor, zt anl.=considerable, signicant

potential = potansiyel, olas, possible, zt anl.=actual

degraded = dlanm, itilmi, rezil, debased,devalued, zt anl.= aggraded

available = uygun, (alma / kullanma) hazr,bulunabilir, ulalabilir, (piyasada) bulunan,attainable, ready, zt anl.= unavailable

technology has become available to

freeze human embryos = teknoloji, insanembriyosunun dondurulmasn mmkn klmtr /klacak kadar gelimitir

Soru 3

multiple sclerosis = multipl skleroz (beyin veomurilikte hcreler aras iletimi salayan sinirlierinin evresindeki klfn hasar grmesisonucu, grme bozukluu, denge kayb,yorgunluk ve ciltte uyuukluk ile belirgin merkezisinir sistemi hastal), MS

patient = hasta, vaka, case, subjectsuffer=sknt ekmek, zarar grmek, muzdaripolmak, endure

weakness = gszlk, zayk, zaaf, failing,vice, zt anl.= strength

visual problem = grme sorunu

disabled = sakat, engelli, handicapped

hardly = ok az,hemen hemen hi,nadiren,scarcely, barely

progressively = zamanla, zaman iinde, yava

yava, azar azar, ar ar, aamalar halinde, bitby bit, step-by-step, gradually, zt anl.= abruptly,suddenly

absolutely = tamamen, kesinlikle, totally,denitely

solely = sadece, yalnzca, tek bana, only, just,merely

plausibly=makul / akla yakn bir ekilde,reasonably

Soru 4

traditionally =geleneksel olarak, conventionally

Soru 1

potassium = potasyum (yeil yaprakl sebzelerve st rnlerinde bol miktarda bulunup vcuttakisu ve mineral dengesinin korunmasna yardmc

olan mineral)

human body = insan vcudu

dramatically = byk oranda, nemli lde,dramatik bir ekilde, drastically,zt anl.=undramatically

demonstrate = kantlamak, gstermek, illustrate,depict, show

secrete = salglamak, release

comparison = karlatrma, iliki, benzerlik,relation, similarity

attribution = 1) (bir nedene) yorma, dayandrma,ascription; 2) mal etme, atfetme, ascription

signicance = nem, anlam, importance, zt anl.=insignicance

marginality = toplumun dnda yer alma,toplumun ana blmnden uzaklama,marjinallik, marjinalite, zt anl.= centrality

demand = talep, claim, need, request,zt anl.=supply

Soru 2decade = on yl

in the past decade = getiimiz on ylda

freeze = don(dur)mak, zt anl.= thaw

embryo = embriyo, cenin (doum ncesigeliiminin bandaki bebek / yavru)

successfully = baarl ekilde, baaryla,effectively, zt anl.= unsuccessfully, ineffectively

transplant= nakletmek, tamak ve yeniortamda yaatmaya almak, transfer

host = 1) tayc (bakasna ait doku, organ yada bir bulac hastal vs. tayan canl); 2) evsahibi

host mother= (soruda, rahmine dondurulmuembriyo yerletirilen anne aday)

thereby =bylece, bylelikle, by that means,because of that

option = seenek, seim, are, alternative,choice, pick, selection

give an option = seenek / alternatif sunmak

postpone = ertelemek, geciktirmek, defer, put off

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2

Soru 5

short-term memory records the informationin front of us right now = (Soruda, ksa dnemhafzann bir olayn yaand anda ya da ksa birzaman sonrasnda (dakika, saat, gn, hafta gibi)

edinilmi bilgileri depoladna atfta bulunulmu.)though = ramen, karn, ...olsa bile, although,even though, despite the fact that

portion = ksm, para, blm, part, division,share

seem to = (bir ey yapar) gibi grnmek, (bir ey)olduu anlalmak, appear to

evaporate = uup gitmek, buharla(tr)mak,vaporize, zt anl.= condense

soon = hemen, yaknda, ksa zamanda / zaman

sonra, az sonra, yakn gelecekte, shortly, beforelong, presently

soon afterward = hemen akabinde / sonra

remainder= (the remainder eklinde kullanlr)geri kalan, gerisi, rest

process = sre, proses (aralarnda birlik olanveya belli bir dzen iinde tekrarlanan, ilerleyen,gelien olay veya hareketler dizisi)

brain = beyin

call = isimlendirmek, name, term

consolidation = takviye, salamlatrma,pekitirme, konsolidasyon

permanent = kalc, daimi, srekli, lasting,unchanging,zt anl.= temporary

make smt permanent = bir eyi kalc halegetirmek

go through = (bir dnemden / sreten) gemek,yaamak, experience, zt anl.= avoid

give off= dar vermek, salmak, send out, emit

get away with= yanna kar kalmak, get off with

put off= ertelemek, postpone

come up with = (genellikle olumlu bir plan, kirvs.) ileri srmek / ortaya atmak, (karlk, yantvs.) bulmak, nermek, (zm vs.) ile ortayakmak, think of, suggest, (The committee cameup with an interesting plan. = Komite ilgin birplan ortaya att.)

medicine = 1) tp bilimi; 2) ila, medication, drug

paternalistic = ataerkil, paternal

stance = yaklam, tutum, tavr, attitude,

approachall-knowing = her eyi bilen

physician = tp doktoru, hekim, doctor

wisdom =bilgelik, irfan, hikmet, bilgece gr /sz, wiseness

from on high = (emir, direktif vs. iin) bykyerden

medicine has taken a paternalistic stancetowards patients, with the all-knowingphysician providing wisdom from on high

= (Soruda, doktorlarn her eyin en iyisini benbilirim edasyla, hastalara tpk bir babannocuuna davrand gibi davranarak, bilgeliktasladna atfta bulunulmu.)

increasingly = gittike artan bir ekilde, more andmore, progressively

unacceptable= kabul edilemez / grmeyen,unaccepted, zt anl.= acceptable

inform = (bir kii / bir ey)i bilgilendirmek,tantmak,familiarize with

withdraw (from)=1) (destei vs.) geri ekmek,

retreat; 2) (askeriyede) geri ekilmek, retreat, ztanl.= attack, assault; 3) (para) ekmek

request = talep etmek, istemek, demand, ask for

provide = salamak, bulmak, temin etmek,supply, render,zt anl.= withhold

comment = krini sylemek, yorumda bulunmak,express, remark

Soru 5

short-term = ksa vadeli / sreli, yakn zamanl,

short-run, zt anl.= long-termmemory = 1) hafza, bellek; 2) hatra, an

short-term memory = ksa dnem hafza (birbilginin geici bir sre hafzada tutulmas)

record = kaydetmek, kayda geirmek, put down,tape, register, zt anl.= erase

in front of= nnde, karsnda, before, aheadof, zt anl.= behind

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3

Soru 6 - 9

rich in = (bir ey)den yana / (bir ey)bakmndan zengin, (Milk is rich in calcium. = Stkalsiyumdan yana zengin bir besindir.)

red meat = (yemek olarak) krmz et

those = (soruda, yasz ve vejetaryen gdalarlabeslenmeyi tercih eden kiiler yerine kullanlanzamir)

lean = 1) yasz, haf; 2) zayf, sska, thin, ztanl.= fat

vegetarian = vejetaryen

live as long as those on lean and vegetariandiets = yasz ve vejetaryen gdalarla beslenenkiiler kadar uzun yaamak

intrigue = merak veya ilgisini ekmek, fascinate

tend to = eiliminde olmak, be disposed (to), belikely (to)

Soru 8

although = ramen, karn, ...olsa bile, though,even though, despite the fact that

fat = ya

cell = 1) hcre (bir canl organizmann temelyapsal ve ilevsel zelliklere sahip en kkbirimi); 2) hcre (tecrit amacyla hapishanede

tutuklularn kapatld oda); 3) cep telefonu,cellphone

brown fat cell = kahverengi ya hcresi(insanda sadece yeni doan dnemindesaptanan, enerji harcanmasn salayan veok sayda mitokondri iermesi nedeniyle koyugrnen hcre)

white fat cell = beyaz ya hcresi (erikinkiilerde saptanan ve enerji depolayan hcre)

former=(iki eyden)birincisi / ilki, previous,ztanl.= latter, second

the former= (soruda, kahverengi ya hcreleriyerine kullanlan zamir)

infancy= bebeklik, yavruluk

be born = domak, dnyaya gelmek

lose = 1) kaybetmek, yitirmek, (yerini)kaybetmek, mislay, misplace, zt anl.= nd;2) yenilmek, baarsz olmak, fail, zt anl.= win,achieve, succeed

Soru 9

part = para, blge, blm, ksm, share, region,division, piece, portion

Soru 6

UK = (daima the UK eklinde kullanlr) BirleikKrallk (ngiltere, skoya, Galler ile rlandaAdasnda yeralan Kuzey rlandadan oluan ve

Byk Britanya Adasnn tamamn kaplayankraliyet), United Kingdom

type I diabetes = tip 1 diyabet (pankreastanyeterli inslin salglanmamas sonucu gelieneker hastal ekli)

autoimmune condition = otoimmn hastalk(en yaygn olanlar arasnda romatoid artrit,multipl skleroz ve sedef hastal olan, savunmasistemimizin vcutta bir takm moleklleri yabancolarak alglayp onlara saldrmas sonucu ortayakan ve nedenleri tam olarak bilinmeyen bir grup

hastalk)variety = tr, eit, cins, eitlilik, deiiklik,farkllk, kind, assortment

largely = ounlukla, byk lde, fazlasyla,greatly, mostly, for the most part

unknown = bilinmeyen, mehul,anlalmayan,unidentied,zt anl.= known

genetic = genetik, genetik bilimiyle ilgili

environmental = evre(sel)

a variety of largely unknown genetic and

environmental factors = pek az bilinen / aztannan eitli genetik ve evresel faktrler

take part in = (bir ey)de rol oynamak, etkisi /katks olmak, contribute to, play a part in

bring about = neden olmak, meydana getirmek,give rise, produce, effectuate, account for

cut down on = (bir ey)i ksmak / azaltmak,reduce, restrict, decrease, economise on, ztanl.= increase, waste

do away with = ortadan kaldrmak, eliminate

get over= (hastalk, zorluk vs.) atlatmak,savmak, stesinden gelmek, recover from,defeat, overcome, zt anl.= retreat, surrender

Soru 7

for a long time = uzun zamandr

scientist= bilim insan

French = 1) Fransz; 2) Franszca; 3) Fransa ileilgili, Fransaya ait

fatty = 1) (sfat) imanlatc, yal, fat; 2) (isim)

iman, fatdiet= 1) diyet, beslenme; 2) perhiz

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Soru 10 - 12

level = dzey, seviye, nokta, degree, point

medical = tp bilimi ile ilgili, tbbi

dominate = hakim / egemen olmak, govern,

prevaildistinguished = sekin, gzide, remarkable,prominent, zt anl.= common, ordinary

consultant = uzman, danman, rehber, advisor

within = iinde, ierisinde

reach = ulamak, varmak, arrive, come

top = ba, zirve, st, peak, height, zt anl.=bottom

tier= rtbe, sra, aama, level

retire =emekliye ayrlmakallow = salamak, imkn vermek, izin vermek,mmkn klmak, yetki vermek, enable, let,empower, ensure, make it possible, zt anl.=forbid, hinder

Soru 12

late= (belli bir dnemin vs.) sonu / sonlar, (late1950s = 1950li yllarn sonlar)

early = (belli bir dnemin vs.) ba / balar, (early1950s = 1950li yllarn balar)

tooth = (oul: teeth) di

collect = toplamak, biriktirmek, gather, amass,accumulate, compile, zt anl.= distribute,dispense, disperse, spread

Midwestern = Orta Bat(l) (ABDnin orta bateyalet ya da ehirlerinden olan)

study = aratrma, alma, inceleme

possible = olas, mmkn, olanakl, imkandahilinde, probable, conceivable, imaginable, ztanl.= impossible

link =ba, balant, iliki, connectiontesting = deneme, test etme, trying

atomic bomb = atom bombas (1945 ylndaABDde gelitirilen ve ayn yl kinci DnyaSavanda kullanlan bomba modeli)

around = 1) civarnda, dolaynda, about; 2) aayukar, yaklak, approximately, roughly

effort = aba, gayret, hard work

government = hkmet, devlet

track down =izleyip bulmak / yakalamak, pursue

at risk = risk / tehlike altnda

heart attack = kalp krizi

British = 1) ngiliz; 2) Britanya ile ilgili,Britanyaya ait

investigate = aratrmak, soruturmak, teftietmek, incelemek, inquire, inspect, examine

family history = aile hikayesi / yks (1. birhastaln, ailenin baka yelerinde grlmedurumu; 2. mevcut bir hastalk veya bozukluun,hastann ailesi ve akrabalaryla ilikisini

aratrlabilmek iin hekim tarafndan alnanbilgilerin tm)

cholesterol = kolesterol (karacier tarafndansentezlenen, en ok insan ve hayvan dokularndabulunan ve vcuda hayvansal besin maddeleriylegiren steroid)

Soru 10

latest = en son, en yeni, newest, most recent

research = aratrma

nding = bulgu

adult = yetikin

generally = genel olarak, ounlukla, mostly,forthe most part, more often than not, by and large,zt anl.= specically

ones = (soruda, adults kelimesi yerine geenzamir)

supercially =yzeysel olarak, lightly, partially,ztanl.= profoundly, thoroughly

at odds with = uyumlu olmamak, uyumamak,uzlamamak, aras ak olmak, in disagreement,

conicting, contradictory, (The gures areat odds with our ndings. = Rakamlar bizimbulgularmzla uyumuyor.)

odds =(oul kullanlr) ans,olaslk, ihtimal,chances, probability

depression = depresyon (ruhsal knt)

mental health = akl sal

Soru 11

Britain = Britanya (ngiltere, skoya, Galler

ve Kuzey rlandadan oluan kraliyet), UnitedKingdom

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Soru 13 - 15

turn out (that) / (to be) =(bir ey olduu) ortayakmak, prove to be

frightening = rktc, korkutucu, appalling,alarming

fear= korkmak, endielenmek, ekinmek, dread,worry

a matter of time = an meselesi

deadly = lmcl, ldrc, fatal, lethal

come along = 1) ortaya kmak, appear;2) gelmek, ulamak, birlikte gelmek; 3) olumlubir ekilde ilerlemek, progress, (My plants arecoming along. = ieklerim byyor.)

even if= olsa bile, eer ki, even as, even though

while = 1) tam (bir ey oluyor) iken, when;2) oysa, iken, whereas

Soru 15

Chinese = 1) in(li); 2) ince; 3) in ile ilgili,ine ait

eliminate = ortadan kaldrmak, yok etmek,gidermek, elemek, eradicate, cut out

widespread = yaygn, extensive, prevalent,ztanl.= limited, rare

parasitic = parazitik, parazitlere bal,

parazitlerin sebep olduu

infection = enfeksiyon, bulac hastalk, mikropkapma

parasitic infection = parazitik enfeksiyon(parazitlerin sebep olduu bulac hastalk)

fail = ie yaramamak, (bir ite, konuda vs.)baarsz olmak, (bir eyi) yapamamak, beunsuccessful, zt anl.= succeed, achieve

arrive = gelmek, varmak, ulamak, come, ztanl.= leave

highly = ok, byk oranda, vastly, greatly

effective = etkili, verimli, randmanl, efcient,powerful,zt anl.= inefcient, ineffective

control = kontrol altna almak / altnda tutmak,contain, zt anl.= spread

just as = 1) (zaman balac) tam (bir ey oluyor)iken, while, when; 2) (benzetme balac) olduugibi ..., nasl oluyorsa...

so that = ...mek / ...mak iin, yle ki , in orderthat

in case = takdirde, durumda, lest

beside = 1) yannda, bitii(k/inde), yan banda,alongside; 2) ile karlatrldnda, yannda,(My grandfather looks younger beside mygrandmother. = Bykbabam, bykannemin

yannda / bykannemle karlatrldnda dahagen duruyor.)

inside =ieride, ieriye, indoors,zt anl.=outdoors, outside

throughout =her yerinde, (bir eyin) tamamnda,batan baa,around, all over

among = arasnda, iinde, amongst

Soru 13

evidence = delil, gsterge, kant, belirti, iaret,indication, hint, proof, clue

clearly = aka, ak ve net olarak, obviously,distinctly

show = 1) gstermek, tehir etmek, demonstrate,reveal, present, zt anl.= hide; 2) (ac, sevin vs.bir duygu iin) yzne yansmak

preventive = nleyici, koruyucu, engelleyici,defensive

effect = etki, sonu, inuence, outcome

aspirin = aspirin (kayna, dnyann her yerindeyetien st aac olan, genellikle haf ar ve

szlar iin kullanlan, ar kesici ve ate drcbir ila)

anti-inammatory drug = antienamatuvar ila(iltihap tedavisinde kullanlan ila)

colorectal cancer= kolorektal kanser (kolonveya rektum mukozasnda gelien kanser)

Soru 14

so-called = 1) szde, alleged, supposed, (It wasone of his so-called friends who supplied himwith the drugs that killed him. = Onu ldren,ona uyuturucu salayan szde arkadalarndanbirisiydi.); 2) denilen, ad verilen (fazlacabilinmeyen eyler iin), (It isnt yet clear howdestructive this so-called super virus is. =Bu sper virs denilen eyin ne kadar zararlolduu henz bilinmiyor.)

swine u = domuz gribi (domuzlarda grlen,ortomiksovirsn (H1N1) yol at, hzl ilerleyenve yksek derecede bulac solunum yoluhastal; milyonlarca insann yaamna mal olan1918 ktalararas grip salgnna bu virsn sebepolduu dnlmektedir), swine inuenza

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Soru 16 - 18

believe = (olduuna) inanmak, (olarak) grmek/ deerlendirmek, saymak, gzyle bakmak,regard as, consider as, deem, view as

face = yz, surat

bear= (bear-bore-borne/born) 1) sahip olmak,tamak, zerinde bulundurmak, have, carry;2) katlanmak, kaldrmak, put up with;3) dourmak, (meyve) vermek; 4) (sorumluluk vs.iin) zerine almak, have

calm = sakin, dingin, huzurlu, cool, relaxed, ztanl.= worried, troubled

expression = ifade, deyim, anlatm, ortaya /meydana kma, davurum, exposition

bear a calm expression = yznde sakin bir

ifade tamak / olmakimmediately = hemen, annda, derhal, at once,right away, directly

operation = ameliyat, operasyon, surgery

be likely to = (olmas / yapmas) muhtemelolmak, ... eiliminde olmak, be disposed to, tendto

require = (bir ey)i gerektirmek, (bir ey)istemek, zorunlu klmak, ask, call for, compel,oblige, demand

less = (little sfatnn ikinci derecesi) daha az /kk

anaesthesia = anestezi (cerrahi mdahalencesi anestetik madde vererek kiide ar ve achissini ortadan kaldrma ilemi)

procedure = ilem, yntem, ilemler sras, yol,prosedr (aratrma, tan koyma, tedavi etmevb. amala uygulanan, belli bir ynteme dayalilem), (biyopsi alnmas vs. trnden) grecebasit ameliyat / operasyon

whatever= btn, hepsi, herhangi, her ne, ne

olursa, whatsoever, any

Soru 18

developing = gelimemi ya da gelimekte olan,underdeveloped

public = kamu, halk

public-sector= kamu sektr

health care = salk bakm

infrastructure = altyap, base, substructure

typically = genellikle, tipik / karakteristik olarak,

characteristically

even after= sonra bile

whereby= onunla, onun vastasyla, by means ofwhich, through which

Soru 16

hurricane = kasrga, hortum

Hurricane Katrina = Katrina Kasrgas (23Austos 2005te olumaya balayan ve Meksikakrfezikysnn orta-kuzeyi boyunca uradyerlerde byk hasarlara sebep olan, ABDtarihinin en ykc ve en lmcl kasrgalarndanbiri)

hit = vurmak,ac / zarar vermek, damage, strike

New Orleans = ABDnin Louisiana eyletinin en

byk liman ehrielectricity = elektrik

leave smw / smt without electricity = bir yeri yada bir eyi elektriksiz brakmak

mold = kf

spore = spor (alg, mantar ve baz bitkilerinyayd reme hcreleri)

easily = 1) kolaylkla, zorlanmadan, zt anl.=with difculty; 2) tartmasz, without question;3) pekala, muhtemelen, well

grow = bymek, oal(t)mak, gelimek,ilerlemek, art(tr)mak, yksel(t)mek, geli(tir)mek,develop, increase, enhance, rise / raise, improve,zt anl.= decrease, weaken, fall, drop

habitable = yaanlabilir, oturulabilir, ikameteelverili, inhabitable

still-habitable houses = (Soruda, kasrgadansonra bile oturulabilir / yaanabilir halde olanevlere atfta bulunulmu.)

respiratory = solunumla ilgili, solunuma ait

skin = cilt, deristill = hl, yine de, however, yet, zt anl.= nolonger

yet = yine de, buna ramen, however

whenever= her dnda / diinde, her nezaman (olursa), her seferinde / defasnda, (Hiscellphone is busy whenever I ring him. = Onu nezaman cebinden arasam, megul alyor.)

Soru 17

surgeon = cerrah

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Soru 18 (Devam)

ultraviolet C = ultraviyole C (insan iin zararlolan ve ozon tabakas tarafndan ltre edilenultraviyole k), UVC

depend on = (bir ey)e baml / bal olmak,

rely on, zt anl.= be independent (from)

wavelength= dalga boyu

amount = miktar, quantity

help = yardm etmek, desteklemek, support,assist

produce = retmek,dourmak,ortaya koymak,neden olmak, make, generate, cause

vitamin D = D vitamini (en nemli kaynagne nlar olan, karacier, balk, yumurta,tereya ve peynirde bol miktarda bulunan ve

kas zayna kar vcudu koruyup baklksistemini kuvvetlendiren vitamin)

damage = zarar / hasar vermek, zedelemek,bozmak, harm

DNA = (biyokimya) hcrenin ekirdeindebulunup nkleotidlerden oluan ve genetikbilginin aktarlmasndan sorumlu ifte sarmaleklindeki uzun, dz polimer yap

genetic material = genetik materyal / madde(genetik almalarda kullanlabilecek canllaraait doku ve benzeri materyal)

alter= (zne dokunmadan ksmen) dei(tir)mek, change, modify

kind = eit, tip, tr, biim, form, sort, variety

chemical = kimyasal madde

folic acid = folik asit (baz canllarn geliimi iingerekli olup insanda anemi tedavisinde kullanlanB grubundan bir vitamin)

result in = (bir ey) ile sonulanmak, (bir ey)eyol amak / neden olmak, cause, lead to

deciency = eksiklik, yetersizlik, kusur,inadequacy, insufciency, shortage, zt anl.=adequacy, sufciency, excess

essential = 1) gerekli, zaruri, crucial, vital; 2) asl,esas, temel, fundamental, zt anl.= incidental,peripheral

fair-skinned = ak tenli

individual = birey, kii, fert, person

penetrate=iine ilemek, girmek, nfuz etmek,enter, get in, go through

deep = derin, gl, strong, thick, zt anl.=shallow

overwhelmed = ambale olmu, bunalm,deluged

surprising = artc,insan hayrete dren,astonishing, startling, amazing, zt anl.= banal,

dull

consider= 1) gz nnde tutmak / bulundurmak,dikkate almak, hesaba katmak, take intoconsideration, allow for, take into account;2) (yle olduuna) inanmak, assume, regard,deem

national= ulusal, milli

spendon = (bir ey)e (para, vakit vs.) harcamak,bir ey yaparak (vakit vs.) geirmek

share =pay, ksm, kesim, part, contribution

income = gelir, kazan, earnings, zt anl.= outgo

national income = milli gelir

considering how little national governmentsspend on healthas a share of nationalincome = ulusal hkmetlerin, milli gelirden(den paydan) sala ne kadar az paraayrdklarn dnecek olursak

few = birka, az, az miktar(da), not many, ztanl.= many

just as much = en az bir ey / bir kii kadar,

(Dr. Smith is just as much experiencedas Dr. Johns at brain surgery = Dr. Smith,beyin ameliyatlarnda en az Dr. Johns kadartecrbelidir.)

19. - 23. sorular(Metinde geen yabanc kelimeler)

ultraviolet light= mortesi / ultraviyole k(vcut zerindeki kimyasal etkileri yannda,bakterileri de tahrip zellii tayan, dalga boylarksa elektromanyetik k), UV

classify = snandrmak, kategorize etmek,gruplara ayrmak, categorize, sort, group, breakdown, zt anl.= declassify

type = eit, tr, kind, form

ultraviolet A = ultraviyole A (cildin korumamekanizmasn harekete geirerek pigmentlerinaktive olmasn ve bronzlamay salayanultraviyole k), UVA

ultraviolet B = ultraviyole B (ciltte yeni renkpigmentlerinin oluumunu salayan ultraviyolek), UVB

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Soru 19 - 24

Soru 21

wherever= nerede olursa, her nerede, hernereye

Soru 22

break down = 1) paralara ayrmak, analizetmek, analyze; 2) (motor vs. iin) boz(ul)mak,alamaz hale gelmek / getirmek, fail; 3) ruhenveya zihnen kmek

Soru 24

response = mdahale, tepki, yant, karlk, reply,reaction

cholera = kolera (sulu ishal sonucu ar sukayb, bacak kaslarnda kramp, ate ve bitkinliklebelirgin ar barsak enfeksiyonu)

outbreak = 1) salgn, epidemic; 2) ortaya kma,ba gsterme, patlak verme, happening

lead = ynetmek, nderlik / liderlik etmek,banda olmak, guide, conduct

medical professional = salk uzman

the response to a cholera outbreak is oftenled by medical professionals = (Soruda, kolerasalgn ile mcadelenin banda genellikle salkuzmanlarnn bulunduuna atfta bulunulmu.)

epidemic = salgn, (belli bir blgede) salgnhastalk

escalate = oal(t)mak, trman(dr)mak,kz(tr)mak, intensify, step up, zt anl.=de-escalate, weaken, step down

pandemic =pandemik, (geni bir blgede /ktalararas) salgn hastalk

medication = ila, medikasyon (tbbi tedavi), ilaverme, ilala tedavi etme

scarce = kt, zor / az grlr / bulunur, nadir,

uncommon, rare, zt anl.= abundant, commonepidemics can easily escalate intopandemics when medications are scarce =(A seeneinde, ila yetersizlii durumunda, bellibir blgede grlen salgn hastaln kolaylklaktalararas salgn hastala dnebileceineatfta bulunulmu.)

disease = hastalk, illness, ailment, disorder

choose = semek, tercih etmek, opt, pick out,select, prefer

be in charge (of) = (bir ey)den / (bir i)ten

sorumlu olmak, be responsible (for)

responsible for= (bir ey)den sorumlu, (birey)in sorumlusu, zt anl.= irresponsible for

at least = en az(ndan) / aa, at the least, ztanl.= at most

quarter= 1) eyrek, one-fourth; 2)makam,(kendisinden bir ey gelen veya beklenen) merci;3) yer, yn, evre, topluluk

damaging = zararl, harmful, detrimental, zt anl.=benecial, helpful

include = kapsamak, iermek, dahil etmek,katmak, birletirmek, embody, incorporate,consolidate, combine,zt anl.= exclude, separate,divide

tanning =(cilt iin) bronzlama

burning = yanma, yakma

premature = erken, zamansz, gereinden nce,vakitsiz, zaman gelmemi, early, untimely, ztanl.= overdue

aging = yalanma, yllanma, growing old

premature skin aging = erken cilt yalanmas

wrinkle = (yz ya da kuma iin) krmak,burumak, krk / buruuk hale gelmek, purse,crease

Soru 19neutral = tarafsz, yansz, unbiased, impersonal,zt anl.= biased, active

benecial = yararl, hayrl, useful, helpful, ztanl.= useless, harmful

indeterminate = mehul, pheli, belirsiz,undetermined, zt anl.= determinate, denitive

minimal = asgari, en az, en dk seviyede,minimum, least, zt anl.= maximal, maximum

economical = tutumlu, idareli, hesapl,

economic, thrifty, zt anl.= wasteful

Soru 20

additionally = ek olarak, in addition, also

similarly = keza, bunun gibi,benzer ekilde,likewise

however= bununla birlikte, oysaki, halbuki, bunaramen, yine de, nevertheless, even so, yet

indeed = dorusu, gerekten, hakikaten, in fact,actually, certainly, without a doubt

otherwise=yoksa, aksi takdirde, or else, or

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Soru 25

keep = 1) (bir ey yapmaya) devam etmek,continue; 2) kalmak, tutmak, saklamak, hold,zt anl.= lose, break; 3) kontrol altnda tutmak,restrain

run parallelwith smt = bir ey ile paralel olmak/ gitmek

molecular biologist = molekler biyolog (canlhcre iindeki malzemeleri, hcre yapsnnilevini ve hcreler arasndaki etkileimilaboratuar ortamnda inceleyerek ortaya karanuzman)

feverishly = hararetle, heyecanl bir ekilde

feverishly at work on a new research project= (B seeneinde, molekler biyologlarn yeni biraratrma projesi zerinde hararetle altklarna

atfta bulunulmu.)

disorder= hastalk, dzensizlik, bozukluk, illness,zt anl.= health

surgery = ameliyat, cerrahi, operation

pregnancy= hamilelik, gebelik

centre on / upon = (bir ey) zerine younlamak/ odaklanmak, focus on, concentrate on,zt anl.=disregard, overlook

abdominal = 1) (sfat) karn ya da karnblgesiyle ilgili, abdominal; 2) (isim) karn kaslar

region = blge, alan, evre, yre, area, location,zone

occupational =mesleki, i ile ilgili

safety=gvenlik,emniyet, security, refuge, ztanl.= danger, hazard

regulation =ynetmelik, rule

occupational safety regulation= i gvenliiynetmelii

industry = endstri, sanayi

record = 1) ariv, kayt, tescil, tutanak, zabt,sabka kayd; 2) rekor, (break the record = rekorkrmak)

result in an industry record = (D seeneinde,alnan gvenlik nlemlerinin sanayide rekorseviyede retim art saladna atftabulunulmu olabilir. Ancak, cmlenin devamolmad iin bu konuda kesin bir saptamayaplamamtr.)

rheumatoid arthritis = romatoid artrit (genellikleel ve ayak bilekleri, el parmaklar ve omuz

eklemlerinde grlen ve ekil bozukluklarna yolaan eklem iltihab)

nurse = hemire, hastabakc

learn = 1) (bilgi, beceri vs.) renmek, (bellibir konuda) eitim almak, acquire, study;2) anlamak, fark etmek, nd out, discover;

3) (genellikle baka bir kaynaktan) duyarak bilgiedinmek, hear

cooperate = ibirlii yapmak, beraber almak,collaborate

emergency = acil durum, urgency

non-emergency = acil olmayan, aciliyetgerektirmeyen

in emergency situations = acil durumlarda

alike = ayn / benzer / eit ekilde, equally,similarly,zt anl.= differently

aspect = a, yn, bakm, grn, feature, side,facet, perspective, view

such as = gibi, like

communication = iletiim, haberleme, temas

issue = mesele, sorun, konu, matter, question,point

neglect =ihmal etmek, savsaklamak,aldrmamak, ignore,zt anl.= care for, concern

severe =ciddi, iddetli, sert, kat, serious, life-

threatening, difcult, hard,zt anl.= soft, milddehydration = dehidrasyon (su kayb, susuzkalma, bir yapnn ya da organizmann su kayb)

death = lm, decease, expiry, zt anl.= birth

Soru 25

be associated with = (bir ey) ile ilgisi / ilikisi /balants olmak, be afliated / connected with

extreme = ar boyutta, ekstrem, ok fazla,maximal, utmost, uttermost,zt anl.= mild,moderate

tiredness = yorgunluk, bitkinlik, fatigue, zt anl.=strength, vigour

investigator= aratrmac, researcher

biochemical = biyokimyasal, biyokimya ile ilgili

clock = saat

biochemical clock = biyokimyasal saat (vcuttabelirli biyokimyasal proseslerin gnein douuve batna gre meydana gelmeleri)

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SALIK BLMLER - 17


10

Soru 26 - 27

property = 1) zellik, vasf; 2) mal, mlk, kiiseleya, belongings, holding

treatment = 1) tedavi, cure, remedy; 2) ileme,muamele, ilem, handling

early = erken, ilk, early on, former, zt anl.= late

management = tedavi, kontrol, baa kma,ynetim, idare, handling, care, administration

wound = yara, yaralanma, hasar, injury, harm,damage

injury = yara, yaralanma, hasar, wound, harm,damage

get / build ones hopes up = mitlenmek, mitetmek, umutlanmak

Soru 27

shameful = utan verici, rezil,skandallarla /kepazeliklerle dolu, scandalous

history= 1) tarih, gemi, kaytlar, past; 2) birhastaln hikayesi / yks

sabotage = sabote etmek, baltalamak,kundaklamak, undermine

attempt = giriim, deneme, teebbs, trial, effort

bring = 1) (yannda / beraberinde) getirmek, take;2) gtrmek

universal = evrensel, dnya apnda, worldwide

American = 1) Amerikal; 2) Amerikaya ait,Amerika ile ilgili

medical-insurance = salk sigortas

accept =kabul etmek, benimsemek, adopt,assume, zt anl.= reject, turn down

need = ihtiya, gereksinim, demand

radical = radikal, kkten, esasl, fundamental

area = alan, blge, evre, yre, eld, region,

location, zone

political = siyasi, politik, zt anl.= nonpolitical

leader= lider, nder, zt anl.= follower

unhappy = mutsuz, zntl, zgn, distressed,sad, zt anl.= happy

opposition =muhalefet, kar koyma, direni,resistance

typical = tipik, karakteristik, kendine zg,kolaylkla ayrt edilebilen, characteristic,distinctive, zt anl.= atypical, ordinary,

uncharacteristic

example= rnek, durum, vaka, case, occurrence

Soru 26

prove =1) (bir ey olduu) ortaya kmak /

anlalmak, turn out;2) kantlamak, ispatlamak,ortaya karmak, conrm, establish,zt anl.=disprove, deny

successful = baarl, etkili, victorious, winning,zt anl.= unsuccessful

clinical = klinik, klinikle ilgili (1. yatan bir hastannhekim kontrol altndaki gzlem ve tedavisinedayanan; 2. bir hastaln hekim tarafndangzlenen belirtileri ve genel gidiiyle ilgili)

clinic study = klinik alma (hastane almas)

signicant = kayda / dikkate deer, nemli,considerable, important, zt anl.= insignicant,unimportant

result = sonu, akibet, semere, outcome,consequence, effect, aftermath

scar= 1) (isim) yara izi, yara; 2) (il) (yara iin)kapanmak / kabuk balamak, (stnde) yara izibrakmak / kalmak

reduction = azal(t)ma, in(dir)me, indirim,decrease, zt anl.= increase

report = bildirmek, rapor etmek, account,

describe

University of Manchester= Manchesterniversitesi (gemiindeki 23 Nobel dl ilehakl bir ne sahip olan, Oxford ve Cambridgeniversitelerinden sonra ngilterenin 3.,dnyann ise 26. en byk yksek renimkurumu)

experimental = deneye dayanan, deneysel,observational

design = gelitirmek, tasarlamak, dzenlemek,dizayn etmek, tasarm yapmak, invent, organise,

formulate, devise

reduce = azal(t)mak, cut down, diminish,decrease, lower, zt anl.= increase

certain = 1) baz, some; 2) bel(ir)li, xed,particular, specic; 3) kesin, sure

scarring = skarlanma (genelde infeksiyon veyayzeysel yaralanmay takiben iyileme srecindegrlen yara izi oluumu), yarann kabukbalamas

preparation = preparat, belli bir formle gre

yaplm / hazrlanm ila vs., formulationanti-scarring = yara izini giderici (madde vs.)

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Soru 28 - 29

great = byk, muazzam, ulu, big, large,outstanding

lower= azaltmak, drmek, decrease, reduce,zt anl.= increase

cholesterol-lowering drug = kolesteroldrc ila

cover= 1) kapsamak, iermek, karlamak,involve, encompass, zt anl.= leave out;2) rtmek, kaplamak, encase, zt anl.= uncover;3) (askerlikte, dma

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