Page 1
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 1
Space Geodesy Satellite Laser Ranging
HowardDonovan2,ScottWetzel2,DonaldPatterson2,JulieHorvath2,AliceNelson2,JanMcGarry1,EvanHoffman1,John,Cheek3
1NASAGoddardSpaceFlightCenter2KBRwyle (formerlyHTSI)3SigmaSpaceCorporation
Safety/SecurityConcernswhenAutomatingSLRSystems
Page 2
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 2
Abstract
Safety/SecurityConcernswhenAutomatingSLRSystems
Thispresentationfocusesontheidentification,analysisandassessmentofsafetyandsecurityissuesnecessarytoachievingautomationofSLRsystems.ThefocuswillbeonSGSLRbutwillberelevanttoanySLRsystem.Areasofconsiderationincludeautomationregulatoryanalysis,hazardanalysis,situationknowledgeandaction,supportingsafetysystems,hazardreporting,ITSecurity,andoverallsiteassessment.Thepresentationwilldiscusswhatisneededduringdesign,implementationandverificationofthesystem.
Page 3
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 3
SafetyOverviewu Canweautomatesafetyissuesandsystemintegrityissues?u Identifytheentityorentitiesthatprovidetheconcurrenceon
non-objectiontotheautomatedoperationofhazardousoutdoorlaseroperationsthroughthegovernedairspace.– HostCountry
• Highlevelgovernment(Federal/National)• LocallevelGovernment(State/Region)– Requirementsoftheseentities
u Currentlyexistordotheyneedtobecreatedu Unattended/automatedoutdoorlaseroperationsexplicitlyallowedoraretheyinferred
– Organization(Science)sponsoringtheoutdoorlaseroperations• Safetyrequirements• Proceduresforacquiringconcurrence• Safetyplanandimplementation• Safetyplanimplementationverification
– InternationalRequirementsifinanothercountry– Whichrequirementstakepriority(moststringentineachcategory)– Periodicrenewal
Page 4
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 4
uRequirements/StandardsUsedInclude:–NASAProceduralRequirements(NPR8715.3)–GoddardProceduralRequirement(GPR:1860.2)– FederalAviationAdministration(FAA:AC70-1)–AmericanNationalStandardsInstitution(ANSI-Multiple)– SocietyofAutomotiveEngineers(SAE:3includingAS6029A)
SGSLRLaserSafetyPlan
Page 5
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 5
PerformFullSystemHazardAnalysisu Indoorlasersafetyanalysis
– Laserroomaccess– Operationsareaaccess– Buildingaccess
u Outdoorlasersafetyanalysis– Lasertransmitteraccess– Aidedviewing– Airspaceidentification– Identifyingusersoftheairspace(planes,helicopters,balloons,
Gliders,Parachutists,etc.u IndoorandOutdoorsafetyanalysismusttakeintoaccount
– Operations– Maintenance– GeneralPublicaccess– Effectson,orby,closeproximityprojects/offices/etc.
Page 6
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 6
u Performacomprehensivehazardanalysistoidentifyallhazardsassociatedwiththedevelopment,implementation,test,operation,andmaintenanceinvolvingtheuseofthelaser– IndoorLaserHazards• Local,state,federal,hostnationlaseroperationsrequirements• Laserparametersanddetermine– MaximumPermissibleEnergy(MPE)– NominalOcularHazardDistance(NOHD)• Reviewthephysicallayoutofthelaserroomandoperationsarea,identifypotentiallaserhazardsandhazardzones
• Reviewlayoutoftheopticalbench,determineenergydensities,identifyassociatedlaserhazards
• Reviewopticalalignmentprocedures,identifyassociatedlaserhazards
HazardAnalysis- Indoor
Page 7
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 7
u Identifylocal,state,federal,andhostnationlaseroperationsrequirements
u Performairspaceanalysis– IdentifyairportswithintheNOHD,Sensitive,Critical,andLaserFreehazardranges
– Determinetypesofaircraft,aircraftaltitudes,andaircraftspeedsthatareexpectedtobeintheairspacevolume
– Identifyannualairportoperations– Identifynearbyoperationsthatusetheaffectedairspacevolume
u Identifynearbyoperationsthatmaybeaffectedbysatellitelaserrangingactivities
HazardAnalysis- Outdoor
Page 8
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 8
Laser-Free&CriticalZoneConditions
Critical Zone5 µW/cm2
Laser Free Zone50 nW/cm2
10,000feet
5.2 Statute Miles
20 º
NGSLRSystem
RunwayAirport Reference Point11.5 Statute Miles
Critical Zone5 µW/cm2
Runway5.75 Statute Miles1.04 Statute Miles
20 ºLaser Free Zone 2,000
feet
NGSLRSystem
50 nW/cm2
• IdentifyairportSensitive,Critical,andLaserFreezones• IdentifyairportswhichthetransmittedlaserenergywillpenetrateSensitive,Critical,andLaserFreezones
Page 9
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 9
u Identifylocal,state,federal,andhostnationoffices/agenciesmitigationrequirements
u Identifymethodstomitigateallidentifiedindoorlaserhazards– Hazardelimination,engineeringcontrols,useofsafetydevices,use
ofcautionandwarningdevices,implementationofproceduresandtraining,andtheuseofPPE
u Correlatemitigationmethodswithallidentifiedindoorlaserhazards– Hazardelimination,engineeringcontrols,useofsafetydevices,use
ofcautionandwarningdevices,implementationofproceduresandtraining,andtheuseofPPE
– Identifylasersafetysubsystemcapabilities– Implementchangestomitigationmethods/subsystemsasneeded
u Implementandverifymitigationmethods/subsystems
HazardMitigation– Indoor&Outdoor
Page 10
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 10
u Emergencyreportingu Recordkeepingu Timetaggingofcriticaldata
HazardReporting
Page 11
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 11
u Safetyinherentindesignu PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)u Automatedemergencynotificationsystemu Laserhazardwarnings,labels,andcontrolmeasures
– Warningsignsandlabels– Videomonitoringsystem– Proceduresandbeamblocks
u Integratedsystemsafetyfeatures– AreaSafety- DoorwaySensors/StairwayPressureplates– KeyedAccesstoBuildingandLaser– Beamcontainmentbarriers– LaserSafetyChassiswithautomatedbeamblockandlaserfire(trigger)inhibitsignal
u Safetyrequirementsandprocedures– GeneralSafetyRequirements (SGSLRSafetyHandbook)– OperationsProcedures (SGSLROperationsManual)– SystemMaintenanceProcedures (SGSLROperationsManual)– LaserAlignmentProcedures (SGSLRAlignmentManual)– EmergencyProcedures (SGSLRSafetyHandbook)
SafetyControls(1)
Page 12
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 12
u CertificationandTraining– TrainingandCertificationRequirementsforallusersofthesystem-System
Operators,LaserUsersandOpticalAlignments– Allusersmustfollowtherequirementsandprocedureslistedinsystem
manuals
u SafetyEquipment(Lasersafetygoggles,fallprotection,etc.)
u SafetyVerification– RoutineSafetyInspection,periodictestingandcommunications
u SecurityConcerns– SituationalAwarenessofSystemHealthandsurroundingenvironment– PreventionofUnauthorizedEntry– BothPhysicalandElectronic
SafetyControls(2)
Page 13
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 13
SystemSecurityu Physicalsecurityassessment
– Securecompound– Buildingaccess– Lasertransmitteraccess– ReactiontoUnauthorizedaccess– Reactiontoauthorizedaccessbutunauthorizedoperations– Securityimplementation
• Redundancy• Securitylevels
u ITSecurityassessment– Internetaccess– Instantterminationoflaseroperationsinanemergency– Systemmonitorandcontrol– Upgrades– Unauthorizedcontrol
Page 14
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 14
ImplementationPhaseu Implementaccordingtoallguidelines,requirementsandimplementationplansdevelopedduringdesignphase.
u Ensureallplans,Hardware,Software,othercontrolsareimplementedanddocumentedpriortotesting.
u Allpossiblescenariosmustbedetermined,documented,reviewed,testedandverified.
u Allpossibledecisionpathsforthesoftwaremustbedocumentedandtested.Inanautomatedsystemthehardware/softwarebecomesafetycritical.
u Subsystemsthatcanbetestedseparatelyshouldbe,butfinalverificationcanonlybedoneatthesystemlevelinasclosetoactualusageaspossible.
Page 15
ILRSTechnicalWorkshopRiga1-6Oct,2017(Wetzel) 15
TestingPhaseu Testingandverificationshouldbedocumentedandtestedinall
operationalmodes,maintenancemodes,diagnosticmodesandsimulations.Shutdownandpower-upshouldalsobepartofthis.
u Somesoftwaretestingmayrequiresimulationbecausesomepathsmaynoteasilybereached.
u Methodstotestmustbedeterminedthatdonotharmanyhumans,ordamageanyinstrumentation,facilities,aircraft,butthatallowtestingascloseaspossibletorealsystemuse.
u Alltestingandverificationwillneedtobeperformedwithahumanpresentbutonlywatching(incasesomethinggoeswrong).Thehumanwilldocumentperformanceseen,butthefinalverificationwillbefromanalysisperformedusingthedatacollected(includingvideo)duringtesting.
Safety/securityforfullautomationisamajordesign,documentationandtestingeffort.