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Supervisor
Assoc. Prof. Aziruddin Ressang
Presented by
Nor Haslinda Abas
MA071136
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAFACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
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Introduction
- Problem Statement
- Aims and Objectives
- Scope of Project
Methodology
Analysis of Results
and Discussion
Conclusion andRecommendation
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Construction industry inundeniably is the mosthazardous industry inMalaysia.
SOCSO report (2000)
Fatality rate more than 3times of all workplaces(3.3% compared to all
workplaces of 1.1%).
The safety cost is one of the factors affecting the safety
standard at construction sites.
It is a duty of all employers to provide safety andhealth environment at work place as highlighted in theOccupational Safety and Health Act 1994 Section 15
(1) and (2).
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1
The assessment of safety cost for scaffolding thatmeet safety requirements need to be addressed inorder for contractors to provide good safety practiceat construction site.
2
However, most of the contractors are unawareabout how much the safety progress in scaffoldingcost and how it affects the project budget. Lack ofknowledge about cost of safety and its portion ofthe project budget may have significant impact onthe profit margin and may increase the risk offinancial difficulties.
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Focused on safety cost inscaffolding works specific in
building construction.
The study will be limitedto the site work ofprovide scaffoldingworks in Johor andKuala Lumpur.
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THIRD STAGE:
Analysis and Discussion
SECOND STAGE:
Information and Data collection
FIRST STAGE:
Identification of research topic and scope of study
Figure 1: Methodology of the study
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IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH TOPICAND SCOPE OF STUDY
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INFORMATION AND DATA COLLECTION
DOCUMENTSSTUDY
Malaysian enacted acts, regulations, books and journals, andinterviews with scaffolding instructor from CIDB in order toidentify the safety and health requirements in the scaffoldingworks.
Interview was also done with DOSH Federal Territorys Officer
to verify the requirements compiled.
PILOT STUDY
In order to get the appropriate proportion of cost,questionnaires have been distributed to five construction
projects with variety project cost. The results obtained in thispreliminary survey were used to determine the mostappropriate percentage of cost choices. The finalizedquestionnaire is then used to execute the survey.
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INFORMATION AND DATA COLLECTION
QUESTIONNAIRES
Interviews using structured questions to identifythe safety cost portion of project budget based onrespondents experiences. T
hey were required to determine the cost of every
elements of safety requirements in scaffoldingworks by choosing the most appropriate answer offour ranging cost given in the questionnaire,described as 1) 0 0.2%; 2) 0.2 0.5%; 3) 0.5 1 %;and 4) more than 1%.
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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
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1. Designated Person
i. Safety officer
ii. Safety supervisor
iii. Scaffolding inspector
2. Documentation
i. Safety policy
ii. Safety and health manual
3. Safety and Health Committee
i. Meetingii. NADOPOD
iii. Safety handbook
iv. Training
4. Inspection/Investigation
i. Safety audit/inspection
ii. Accident/incident investigation
5. Design of Scaffold
i. Design and approved by P.E
6. Scaffolding Works
i. Supply, erect and dismantle of scaffolding
ii. Safety appliancesnetting, barricade,
catch platform, temporary overhead
protection and lighting.
iii. Training
7. PPE
i. Safety helmet
ii. Safety boot/shoe
iii. Gloves
iv. Goggles
v. Safety harness8. Signage, Tools and Equipments
i. Safety signs
ii. Safety barrier
iii. First aid box
iv. Housekeeping
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Figure 2 : : Respondents Response on Safety and Health Requirements as Percentage of
Total Project Cost
Designated person
Documentation
Safety & HealthCommittee
Inspection/Investigation
PPE
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Figure 2 : : Respondents Response on Safety and Health Requirements as Percentage of
Total Project Cost
Majority of respondents agreed that
safety cost allocated in thoserequirements were not more than 0.2%
for each elements.
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- From the figure,
all respondents agreedthat the cost of theserequirements: DesignatedPerson; Documentation;Safety and HealthCommittee; Inspection /Investigation; andPersonal ProtectiveEquipment (PPE); and alltheir breakdowns werenot more than 0.2% foreach elements.
- The cost for theserequirements: Design ofScaffolding; ScaffoldingWorks; and Signage, Toolsand Equipments; and theirentire breakdowns were
seemed to be varies fromrange 0 - 0.2%, 0 - 0.5%and more than 1%.
- However, majority ofrespondents hasresponded that the safetycost allocated in thoserequirements were not
more than 0.2% for eachelements.
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Figure 3: Weighted Score of Safety Cost in Scaffolding Works from Project Cost (in Percentage)
Safety cost model for scaffolding work
= 0.6+0.4+0.8+0.26+1.856+1+0.884 = 6.28%
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Figure 4 : Percentage of Safety Cost Requirements in Scaffolding Works
10%7%
13%
6%
4%
30%
16%
14%
Percentage of Safety Cost Portion in Scaffolding Works
Designated Person
Documentation
Safety and Health
CommitteeInspection/Investigation
Design of Scaffold
Scaffolding Works
PPE
Signage, Tools, Equipments
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O
BJECT
IVE1
- The safety and healthrequirements inscaffolding works have
been identified.- The requirements can becategorized into 8 groupswhere each groupconsists of breakdown
elements. The safety costof scaffolding works isidentified based on thesebreakdowns.
O
BJECT
IVE2
- From the survey andanalysis, most of therequirements wereallocated not more than0.2%, where several of them
allocated not more than0.5% and more than 1%.
- The reason of this to occuris because the contractorsdo not keep the actual cost
for erecting scaffolding forall projects. In addition, allprojects do not keepapportion of safety cost forerecting scaffolding.
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O
BJECT
IVE3- From analysis,
the cost forscaffolding worksin buildingconstruction isnot more than
6.2% of totalproject cost.
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