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Safety Compass (2016.04)
(2016.04)
Vol.30
Vision
We make your cargo valuable and deliver a better tomorrow.
Mission
HI2020—The winning & Creating Pioneer
Safety Compass
Focus on This Month : Countermeasures against dense fog season
From March to May is the season of dense fog. Especially in April and May is the month the number of
occurrences frequently. In contrast learn safe navigation tips will have the time to raise safety awareness
through the incidents.
Contents
◇ COLREGs (RULE 13 OVERTAKING)
◇ Housekeeping in the workplace
► Meaning of housekeeping
► Relations with disaster
► Efficiency of operations
► Housekeeping in the workplace
► How to proceed about housekeeping
◇ PSC NEWS
► Current state of detention in TOKYO MOU-1Q
◇ Control of Alcohol
► Permitted level of alcohol in blood
► Prohibition of drinking and working under the
influence of alcohol
► Store and control
◇ [Illustration] Total Commitment of
Captain “Na Choi Go” to Safe Sailing
► Risk of Personal Death or Injury while Work-ing on Retrieval of Head Line
► Actual accident case
◇ Allergy rhinitis
► Definition of allergy rhinitis
► Cause and symptom of allergy rhinitis
► Treatment of allergy rhinitis
► A true understanding of common saying for health
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
Countermeasures against dense fog season
Safety navigation of foggy season
● This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one
another when navigating in or near an area of
restricted visibility.
● Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed
adapted to the prevailing circumstances and
conditions of restricted visibility.
● A power-driven vessel shall have her engines
ready for immediate manoeuvre.
● Every vessel shall have due regard to the pre-
vailing circumstances and conditions of restrict-
ed visibility when complying with the section
‘Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility’.
● A vessel which detects by radar alone the pres-
ence of another vessel shall determine if a close
quarters situation is developing and/or risk of
collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding
action in ample time, provided that when such
action consists of an alteration of course, so far
as possible the following shall be avoided :
a) an alteration of course to port for a vessel
forward of the beam, other than for a vessel
being overtaken;
b) an alteration of course towards a vessel
abeam or abaft the beam.
● Except where it has been determined that a
risk of collision does not exist, every vessel
which hears apparently forward of her beam
the fog signal of another vessel, or which
cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with
another vessel forward of her beam, shall
reduce her speed to the minimum at which
she can be kept on her course. She shall if
necessary take all her way off and in any
event navigate with extreme caution until
danger of collision is over.
● Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a
safe speed so that she can take proper and
effective action to avoid collision and be
stopped within a distance appropriate to
the prevailing circumstances and condi-
tions.
I. A power-driven vessel making way through
the water: shall sound at intervals of not
more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.
II. A power-driven vessel underway but
stopped and making no way through the
water: shall sound at intervals of not more
than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in suc-
cession with an interval of about 2 seconds
between them.
III. A vessel not under command, a vessel re-
stricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a vessel
constrained by her draught, a sailing vessel,
a vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel en-
Action for restricted visibility
Follow Conducting of vessels in restricted visi-
bility & navigation watch by „72 COLREG.
RULE 19. Conduct of vessels in
restricted visibility
RULE 6. Safe speed
RULE 35. Sound signal in restricted
visibility
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
Countermeasures against dense fog season
gaged in towing or pushing another vessel:
shall sound at intervals of not more than 2
minutes three blasts in succession, namely one
prolonged followed by two short blasts.
IV. A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is
towed the last vessel of the tow: shall sound
at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound
four blasts in succession, namely one pro-
longed followed by three short blasts.
V. A vessel at anchor: shall be sounded in the
forepart of the vessel and immediately after
the ringing of the bell the gong shall be
sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the
after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor
may in addition sound one short, one pro-
longed and one short blast.
VI. A pilot vessel : four short blasts
2. Accident case of navigation Collision case between general cargo ship (S) and
container combination carrier (R) in restricted visi-
bility (2005)
● Accident detail
- 07th March, 2005, 1450LT. After loading opera-
tion was finished, the named S was departed from
RIzhao, Shandong, China to Yawata, Japan. Also,
the named R was departed from Shanghai to
Qingdao in Same day 1036LT. 08th March,
0300LT. 2nd officer (S) was found R (Starboard
one a clock, 1.34 miles) and requested that kept
the course and speed by the VHF. (Visibility was
not more than 700M. But two ships was not
alarmed for fog signal and prepared engine.)
0302LT, when duty helmsman (S) was found main
mast light of R ship and reported 2nd officer, 2nd
officer switched over to hand steering mode and
oder to hard starboard. 0303LT, eventually, two
ships had a collision at Lat. 34-40.31N Long. 122-
05.50E ( S’s course : 195 Deg., collision angle: 88
Deg.) and than S was sunken and R had fire in
engine room. Also 14 peoples was disappeared
and died 2 persons was rescued.
Action for restricted visibility
► USE OF THE CHECK LIST
CODE102-627 N7 NAVIGATION
UNDER RESTRICTED VISIBILITY
━━ 1) Power-driven vessel
(Not more than 2 minutes)
━━ ━━ 2) Power-driven : Stopped
(Not more than 2 minutes)
━━ ·· 3) Other vessels
(Not more than 2 minutes)
━━ ··· 4) Towed vessel
(Not more than 2 minutes)
·━━ · 5) Anchored : warning
(Not more than 1 minutes)
···· 6) Pilot vessel
( In additional to the signal
Action for restricted visibility
► Proper navigation and using of
equipment
⇒ Defense navigation and se-
cured countermeasure capa-
bility
⇒ Prepare to dropped anchor or
waiting at emergency situa-
tion (entry/departure, coastal
navigation)
Using ARPA / RADAR / AIS
If you do not close situation with
other vessel?
⇒ be positive, made in ample
time in restricted visibility.
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
Countermeasures against dense fog season
● Cause of accident
- S ship
1) Did not adjust to safe speed in restricted visi-
bility.
2) Did not alarm for fog signal in restricted visi-
bility.
3) It was neglected the confirmation about risk
of collision and did not take an action to
avoid collision in ample time.
- R ship
1) Did not adjust to safe speed in restricted visi-
bility.
2) Did not alarm for fog signal in restricted visi-
bility.
● Lesson for accident prevention
► If necessary, duty officer is on navigation
duty (example, restricted visibility, etc.), it
must be reports to the captain without de-
lay.
► When you do take an action to avoid colli-
sion, you must do take an action in ample
time.
► In deeply aware of the fact that “CPA
„0‟=collision”, if you sail the open sea ex-
cept narrow channel and traffic separation
schemes, you must be compliance that it is
appointed for a minimum safe distance
(CPA).
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
COLREGs – OVERTAKING
Rule 13: Overtaking
(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II, any vessel
overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a
direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with refer-
ence to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the
stern light of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume
that this is the case and act accordingly.
(d)Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the
overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of
the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.
Keep clear when overtaking
Rule 13 has no exceptions; the overtaking vessel
always keeps out of the way. If you are not sure
whether you are overtaking another vessel, then
Rule 13 says that you are.
Remember:
● Always presume the other ship does not know
you are there.
● Avoid crossing ahead – it is always safer to
cross astern.
● Do not pass close – overtaking always takes
time, so make sure both ships have plenty of
room to manoeuvre. Never assume that the
other ship will maintain its course and speed.
● Beware of interaction – if you are forced to
pass close, be very careful of interaction be-
SUMMARY
Always keep clear of a ship you are overtaking.
tween the two vessels.
Remain vigilant – remember; you remain an
overtaking vessel until you are finally passed and
clear.
Once you are an overtaking vessel, you are
always an overtaking vessel.
-Source : North P&I Club
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
Housekeeping in workplace
Speaking of housekeeping thought that just scattered away with cleaning stuff in one place, but when you think
of the safety concept it contains a deeper meaning.
● Meaning of housekeeping
Safety is enough to say ’from the start by housekeep-
ing to the end with. So, housekeeping is basic for safe
and must keep to the last. Plan ahead to set up a
workplace situation and Accordingly definitely going to
run power or more united in response to changes in
day-to-day, must work.
※ Cleanup: It is unnecessary to leave that require
maintenance by separating the articles that require ur-
gent and unwanted goods says putting transferred to
another place in the workplace.
※ Tidy: I will speak to put in place the required layout
of the goods required .
Hopefully the housekeeping, you can see the following
effects.
► Improve efficiency by reducing wastage and the
cost savings.
► The prevention of accidents due to safety im-
provements.
► Integrity will be improved.
► The quality will be good.
● Housekeeping and disaster
If the workplace is poor housekeeping said easily get
insecure and unsafe condition the entire workplace
behavior occurs, also, fire, disaster or accident is easy
occur.
If the material or finished products put on the floor,
dizzy, hoses, cords, etc. This will take the feet. Also,
the remaining residue (oil, water, garbage, dust) is a
breeding ground for disaster.
● Work efficiency
If poor state housekeeping, it is applied to multitude
for facility and waste materials. Finally, the workshop
is inefficient and a breeding ground for disaster.
Poor housekeeping
Unsafe conditions /
Unsafe behavior
Accident
Industrial disaster
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
작업장에서의 정리정돈
► When bad housekeeping takes a lot of time to
find the something (waste of time), it is easy to
have a disaster in the meantime.
► If you do not see the necessary things you will
be forced to substitute the task inadequate ob-
jects (unreasonable behavior, dangerous behav-
ior)
► If you do not dispose of discarded things, given
the uncomfortable stuff disbursed narrow valua-
ble workshop space will cause a failure in the
delivery of raw materials .
● Housekeeping of workshop
► Secure passage
The housekeeping of workshop will be starting from
the setting and securing safe passage. Passage is
maintain and displaying the proper width or more
and free of any obstructions.
► Maintenance of workshop floor
The workshop floor place emphasis on the house-
keeping and dose not load unnecessary things.
► Raw materials and Half-finished goods
Raw materials and half-finished products are easy to
access by specifying the place and build places of
separated by type
► Deportation of garbage, dust, residue
If you do not create a clean workplace it will have a
map that is considered an accident or disaster . Al-
ways keep cleaning.
● How to proceed in housekeeping
Housekeeping of workshop is a big problem for the
work himself. It is obvious true that the comfortable
workshop is better than the dirty or filthy for most
workers spend precious life in workshop. In addition,
housekeeping is often something that can be im-
proved with hard work and research workers them-
selves. Basically, to think of as his home about work-
shop, can present the same thing.
► Take measures to prevent defile.
► Try to think of a better housekeeping in a while
the work.
► Everyday, strive to improve the maintenance of
housekeeping and clean the machinery in charge
of worker after completion of work.
► The efforts to improve the maintenance of clean
housekeeping workshop through active collabora-
tion with colleagues.
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
PSC NEWS (Current state of detention in TOKYO MOU-1Q)
Based on the data of TOKYO MOU, let’s analyze the current state of detention in first quarter, 2016. And we
will have time to prepare.
◆ Current state of inspection in 1Q, 2016
Ship’s inspection is 8109 times by PSCO of TOKYO
MOU in first quarter, 2016. And detention is 196 vessel.
(based 16th March, 2016) So, Detention Rate record is
2.42%. In the following graph shows the distribution of
vessels by 196 detentions.
Bulk vessels are the largest proportion accounted to
133 (68%). The container vessels are following behind
bulk with 28 (14%).
◆ Major deficiency in detention vessels
You may know that the most deficiency item is fire
safety, second item is ISM, third item is life saving ap-
pliances in the major deficiency items of the detained
vessels. Next, we’ll learn the detail of check point about
fire safety, ISM, life saving appliances.
◆ Fire safety
1) Fire pump (include Emergency fire pump)
2) Fire main line, hydrant, hose and nozzle
3) Fire control plan
4) Fire extinguisher
5) Fire door, damper and escape way
► Check the pressure gauge
► Test regularly and check the availability
► Check the leakage of sea water and lubri-
cant
► Check the operating manual and body
corrosion (Crack)
► Check the pressure about watering with
two fire hoses
► Check whether the leak and Isolation valve
stuck
► Check the packing and leakage about hy-
drant and hose
► Check nozzle sticking
► Check that access is easy and use immedi-
ately
► Check satisfaction about the regulation of
preliminary extinguishing (can be charged
100% for the first 10 extinguishers on
board, and the remaining 50% Beach)
► Check the smooth opration of the
damper and fixation of the locking pin
► Check the Open/Shut position that is
clearly marked
► Check the condition of Fan louver, disc,
shaft
► Check clearance between disc and body
when close the damper (4mm ± 2mm)
► Check the Fire door whether or not hold
back hook
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
PSC NEWS (Current state of detention in TOKYO MOU-1Q)
6) fire detecting
7) International shore connection
8) Fireman outfit
9) EEBD
10) 기관실 및 화물구역 고정식 소화장비
11) Paint store
◆ ISM CODE 관련
1) Documentation (CODE 11)
2) Company responsibilities and authority (CODE 3)
3) Master‟s responsibilities and authority (CODE 5)
4) Designated person (CODE 4)
5) Emergency preparedness (CODE 8)
► Check the operation condition self closing
device in fire door
► Check the condition of packing and frame
in fire door
► Confirm the lighting blocking when closing
a skylight
► Check the method of operation and test
about fire detection system
► Check the emergency power source and
operation of main control unit
► Check the normal operation of local de-
tector
► Check the operation of automatically
sounded when signals have not received
attention within 2 mins
► Check the condition of manual call point
► Check the matching with storage location
and fire control plan
► Check the mask state and cylinder pressure
(available 30 mins)
► Check the safety alarm (50 bar or less)
► Familiarize testing and method of use
► Check the condition fireman outfit and tool
► Check the condition of mask and charging
about bottle
► Check the method of use
► Familiarize the method of use immediately
► Check the nozzle blockage or line corrosion
► Try to hydro test of cylinder in accordance
with the requirement of the flag
► Check the explosion-proof light
► Check the document (DOC-COPY, SMC-
original) and statement content
► Check the storage and utilizing about safety
management manual
► Senior officer must be checked the Compa-
ny responsible for the operation of the ship
and does this correspond with the entity on
the ISM certificates
► Check that Can the master provide docu-
mented proof of his responsibilities and
authority, which must include his overrid-
ing authority
► Check that the master‟s review of SMS
documented in the Safety Management
Manual
► Check the master‟s review when does and
report the results of review to the shore-
based management
► Check the DP, the responsibility and authori-
ty, contact method
► Check the procedures for responding to
potential emergency shipboard situations
► Check the program for drills and exercises
to prepare for emergency action
► Check the record about drill and exercise
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
PSC NEWS (Current state of detention in TOKYO MOU-1Q)
6) Report and analysis of non-Conformities, Acci-
dents and Hazardous occurrences (CODE 9)
7) Maintenance of the ship and equipment (CODE 10)
8) Resources and personnel (CODE 6)
◆ Life saving appliance
1) Lifeboat, rescue boat and, launching arrangements
► Check the maintenance routine and rec-
ords
► Check that test stand-by equipment and
critical equipment/systems and record
► Check the procedure of handle when find
out a defect/deficiency
► Check the support of shore for ship‟s re-
quest of repair and supply
► Check the procedure of report and handle
about PSC deficiency
► Check the familiarization training for new
person
► Check the providing essential instructions
for navigation before sailing
► Check the working language that it is
identified in the SMS
► Check that SMS documents and relevant
information prepared in the working lan-
guage
► Check the condition of davit fall (Wire)
► Check that emergency contact to shore
management established in the SMS proce-
dure and kept up-to-date
► Check the shore management contact that
how do update and try to it
► Check the method of report that non-
conformities, accidents and hazardous oc-
currences are identified on board
► Check company action after investigating
the reported non-conformities
► Check the Winch seat, boat winch box,
fixing bolt
► Check the Suspension chain, Hook as-
sembly
► Check the condition of Lashing Wire
► Check the operation condition of Winch
► Check the operation condition Moving
part
► Check the operation condition of Engine
and state of fuel
► Check the steering gear
► Check the hull condition
► Check the position of post for launching
manual about boat (under Em‟cy light)
► Check the state of battery
► Check the painter and securing condition
► Check the bottom plug
► Check the embarkation arrangement and
platform
► Remove the obstacle in escape way
► Check the Davit (rust, corrosion, hole)
► Check the operation condition of limit
switch
► Try to risk assessment when mainte-
nance, launching drill, securing
► Check the inventory (condition, expire
date) and fire extinguisher
► Check the condition and procedure of
On-load release system
► Check the reset position of Hook, Hydro-
static locking lever
► Check the spring of locking lever
► Check the morse cable (broken, partial
damage)
► Check the sate of inside about hydro-
statics unit
► Check the operating procedure into the
boat and crew familiarize
► Check the state of remote control wire
► Check the water spray and compressed
air system (If applicable)
► Check the Oil bilge and bilge pump
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
PSC NEWS (Current state of detention in TOKYO MOU-1Q)
2) Life raft and stowage arrangement
3) Life ring
4) Personal life saving appliance
5) Rocket parachute signal
► Check the matching with storage location
and fire control plan
► Check the posting and state of each in-
struction
► Check the state of life jacket light, whistle,
reflection tape, marking (Ship‟s name,
Flag)
► Familiarize the stowage, method of use
► Check expiry date and rocket parachute sig-
nal in good condition, quantity
▶ Check the length of line (longer than 30M
or twice the height of waterline in the
lightest seagoing condition )
► Check the quick release of MOB at wing
bridge and self ignition light
► Check the reflection tape and marking
(Ship‟ name, Flag)
► Check the body (Crack, damage)
► Check the state of heaving line
► Check the mooring line and release device
► Check the state of container
► Check the Cradle, Release handle (broken,
stuck)
► Check the coincidence operation instruc-
tion and type
► Check the stowage as to permit manual release of one it
► Check the Em‟cy light operation in Em‟cy
power and stuck of Moving part
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
Control of Alcohol
◆ The permitted amount of drinking on
board
The permitted amount of drinking on board should
not exceed 0.03 %. This amount is equivalent to
drinking 2 units prescribed by <Table> within one (1)
hour. And the maximum permitted amount per day
for one person shall be 2 units. Also, the max. per-
mitted amount per week for one person shall be 14
units.
◆ Prohibition of Drinking and Working
under the Influence of Alcohol
Shipboard personnel should not drink alcoholic bev-
erages during any of the following times:
► During the hours of watch keeping.
► Within 4 hours before the start of watch
keeping. (Likewise during cases of special &
critical operations, the operations of entering
and leaving a port, and heavy weather at sea.)
► Period that Master designates for the sake of
safety of the ship & crew and shipboard disci-
pline.
► Mid-night (After 2200 HRS)
Shipboard personnel should not work under the influ-
ence of alcohol under any circumstances. A duty should
not be handed over to a person who is judged to be
inebriated, which should be reported immediately to the
Master.
◆ Store and control
The Master should control the consumption of drinks
with a high alcohol content such as brandy, whisky, vod-
ka, gin & etc.. Liquors should not be stored in the living
quarter such as in cabins but in the provision stores and
in the slop chest. Purchase, sale, distribution, consump-
tion and stock of liquors should be controlled under
Master’s responsibility.
If a check on the drinking state of the crew is necessary,
the Master should conduct the drinking test without no-
tice by using a breath analyzer or his sense of smell ac-
cording to the checklist for ‘Alcohol testing (Code <205-
201>)’. Master should be tested by C/E or C/O and the
result of alcohol test should be maintained on board for
one(1) year. When a crew violates any relevant clause,
the Master should deal with the case through the Ship-
board Disciplinary Committee as per ‘Discipline proce-
dure (PC-306)’.
Learn about proper regulation of alcohol on board and consider a safe voyage.
KINDS OF LIQUORS Q‟TY UNIT
Beer(4.0~5.0% Alc. By Vol) 250ml 1
Soju(18.0~21.0% Alc. By Vol) 60ml 1
Wine(12.0~16.0% Alc. By Vol) 80ml 1
Whisky(40.0% Alc. By Vol) 30ml 1
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
Risk of Personal Death or Injury while Working on
Retrieval of Head Line
Total Commitment of Captain “Na Choi Go” to Safe Sailing
While departing the pier at 2 a.m., a crew was heaving in a mooring line with the winch. When the head line was
nearly on the deck, the Chief officer signaled to the winch operator to heave in slowly, but the operator did not
see the signal, so he kept heaving in the head line with quick speed. With the head line placed on the deck moving
around up and down, the messenger rope1) connected at the end of that line was wrapped around the neck of
the Chief officer. Fortunately, the workers shouted for the operator to stop the winch immediately and there was
no human injury.
- Defective communication and lack of care
1) Potential Accident Factors
2) Precautions for Accident Prevention
- When taking on work by mobilizing a number of crews, the commanding system has to be ascertained
and accurate communication should be carried out.
- When working such as leaving, berthing and shifting and so on, work has to be done without excessive
tension on the mooring line.
3) Actual Accident Case
Crew's death on general cargo ship DD(9,892 tons)
(2013. 2. 7. 20:27, Mariyama multi-purpose international terminal pier of Tsuruga Port, Fukui-ken, Ja-
pan) By neglecting the safety measures regarding adverse weather, the mooring line on the stern was
cut off by a massive wave. That broken mooring line struck a winch operator handling the winch in the
condition without any protective devices (The Chief officer was killed in the accident).
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
Allergy rhinitis
◆ Definition of allergy rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis inflammation via several types of IgE antibod-
ies nasal mucosa, including the biban cells, eosinophils to the
stimulation site causing substances (antigens) that cause the
allergy represents sensitization for a particular substance is
exposed to the nasal mucosa cells It is a disorder that gath-
ered example inflammation caused by a variety of mediators
that they secrete. Characterized by three main Symptoms
such as sneezing spasmodic happens continuously, a clear
runny nose, nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis you may
suspect you have the symptoms of two or more of these
three symptoms. In addition to the characteristic symptoms
can be accompanied by symptoms such as itching around the
nose, headache, smell and decay can be complications such
as otitis media, sinusitis, accompanied laryngopharyngitis.
Allergic rhinitis is intermittent (intermittent) and classified as
persistent (persistent) allergic rhinitis caused allergic rhinitis
and more than a month long period, moderate and mild
(mild), depending on the severity of the symptoms that occur
only in a short period of the year depending on the duration
of symptoms classified as severe (moderate severe). through-
out perennial that occurs only. Seasonal allergic rhinitis have
many cases that are relevant to carry the pollen of the plant
off season and year-round chronic and sometimes occurs
regardless of perennial and seasonal.
◆ Cause
Allergic rhinitis is genetic and environmental factors com-
bined caused major allergic diseases, allergies and asthma
induced factors inherited from parents around as allergic
asthma appears to cause interactions. Allergy is a hypersensi-
tivity reaction outside the normal sense, and does not cause
symptoms for normal to say that the various symptoms of
hypersensitivity for allergy sufferers. Representative factors
aggravate rhinitis is climate change, cold, air pollution and
stress.
◆ Symptoms
Becomes a spasmodic sneeze continuously, while the pass-
ing of a clear runny nose, stuffy nose and itching to occupy
the eyes and nose typical symptoms. Sneezing and runny
nose symptoms are usually reduced flows in the afternoon as
the weather was severe in the morning, and continues to
look stuffy nose symptoms. Itching can also occur such as
the nose, as well as the eyes, throat, ears, so will be consid-
ered during treatment.
Stuffy nose symptoms accounted for more than half of the
most common and major symptoms of chronic and degrade
the quality of life. As you back symptoms such as a runny
nose and sneezing appear as pure, the only tears, headache,
smell loss, nasal obstructive.
◆ Progress/Complications
Once the onset of allergic rhinitis is about 20% of its symp-
toms are folded lifting spontaneous puberty or an adult, but
it is important that adequate prevention and treatment of
many examples that lasts a lifetime . If allergic rhinitis can
last for a long period of time can lead to a change and look
similar to chronic rhinitis, otitis media, nasal polyps, sinusitis,
olfactory loss, chronic cough. And look for changes similar to
chronic rhinitis, can cause otitis media, nasal polyps, sinusitis,
olfactory loss, chronic cough. Due to a chronic stuffy nose If
you continue to breathe into the mouth it may seem an ade-
noid face face shape longer.
◆ Diagnosis
Once symptoms begin within 10 days is likely to be cold
virus is the cause. However, there are hundreds of cases of
flu appear with symptoms such as fever and muscle aches
throughout the body that are not accompanied by symptoms
Allergic rhinitis Sinus cold
Cause
Pollen, house dust /
dust mites, animal hair,
etc.
Virus
Symp-
toms
Sneezing and tickling
the nose suddenly is-
sued, a clear runny nose,
stuffy nose
Runny nose, stuffy nose,
cough, sputum, body
aches, headache heat
Treat-
ment
Medication, avoid caus-
ing substances
Treatment to improve
the symptoms
Progress It lasts longer than 1-2
months
Most symptoms im-
prove within 1 week
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Allergy rhinitis
in allergic rhinitis.
Chronic clear runny nose, stuffy nose, indicates a fitful sneezing
symptoms of IgE-mediated When inflammation check and diag-
nose allergic rhinitis, need further confirmation of the order to
the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis symptoms, family history, living
environment and past treatment history. If it does not prove the
IgE-mediated inflammatory reaction to a diagnosis of allergic
rhinitis is diagnosed about properties, hormonal, food-induced
pregnancy-induced, occupational rhinitis according to various
risk factors.
◆ Examination
A method for diagnosing a number of rhinitis there can be
used for various applications depending on the treatment envi-
ronment or depending on the patient and does not always per-
formed all tests. First, it is good to listen to the history of rhini-
tis diagnosed helpful. Age, occupation, and the type and de-
gree of importance, age of onset, precipitating factors, expo-
sure, whether complications, allergic history of the residential
environment, allergy causing substances, family history, treat-
ment history and progress of symptoms to know more. Approx-
imately 40% of patients with allergic rhinitis is an allergic dis-
ease of a close family member within his uncle. If from family
history and childhood of allergic symptoms it appears, when
looking for seasonal variations, over time consistently and if it
appears repeatedly in the symptoms, if it appears the symp-
toms associated with the living environment changes can be
suspected allergic rhinitis. Because people with allergies are
sudden changes in temperature, cold air, tobacco smoke, even
in non-specific stimuli such pollutants show non-specific hyper-
sensitivity reaction, if symptoms worsen when house cleaning
house dust, sensitization to mites I can doubt, and if the follow-
ing symptoms occurred between directors from the new house
to find the cause through a detailed check of the changed envi-
ronment.
Laboratory tests may be done as a total serum immunoglobu-
lin E test, if specific immunoglobulin E Station test, blood eosin-
ophils and eosinophil cationic protein, smear tests. This is such
a biopsy skin test antigen challenge test and this is one of the
skin test is simple, yet economical, high-value diagnostic tests
that can identify the cause of reactive substances or not.
There is observed inside the nasal mainly used parenterally as
a physical examination, a non membranes are pale and not that
poured into the characteristic features of allergic rhinitis in chil-
dren when the rhinitis suffer long nasal blood color of the in-
side of the eyelid down to a failure of the circulation this may
seem bluish gums, nose, itching of the nose can often act as a
hand rub or cause horizontal wrinkles on the bridge of the
nose.
◆ Treatment
Treatment of allergic rhinitis is a substance that causes
environmental therapy is to avoid the allergen(antigen)
(Avoidance therapy) and drug therapy, immunotherapy. It
fundamentally avoided, but it is most important to avoid
the allergen therapy difficult to obtain a sufficient thera-
peutic effect only a single treatment regimen avoided
since it is difficult in reality, it is necessary to control the
symptoms to appropriate medications.
1) Environmental therapy
The most basic and important therapies in the treatment
of allergic diseases, or complete avoidance of the allergen
is impossible, even if you need to avoid as much as possi-
ble. The main allergen of allergic rhinitis are dust mites,
pollen, pet hair, insects, and with the aggravating factors
are tobacco smoke and indoor pollution, climate change,
such as mold, deterioration medications, and stress.
2) Drug therapy
Drug therapy is the treatment of allergic rhinitis in stages
depending on the severity of the main symptoms of the
patient. A drug used in the treatment has a number of
oral mucosa for / topical anti hiseutaminje, for oral / topi-
cal steroids, mast cell stabilizers for oral / topical for the
festival, for the topical anti-kolrinje, such as leukotriene
modulators. In the case of systemic side effects than topi-
cal pharmaceutical formulation for oral administration
while reducing the benefits worth around but there is a
high concentration of the drug into the nasal cavity, the
effect often has asthma, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis
that accompanies falling disadvantages.
3) Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a treatment method that you want to
cause allergen to a patient by administering gradually
increasing the concentration from small to eliminate or
alleviate the symptoms by modulating the immune re-
sponse of the patient. When Allergies cause symptoms
controlled with conventional medications difficult effective
treatment alone: It environmental control is not sufficient,
or to cure the patient may place you do not want a long-
term drug therapy, is effective only when the specific al-
lergen you. Immunotherapy usually appears should last
more than a year effect usually lasts 5-3 years, but it may
be necessary to further long-term treatment.
4) Surgical treatment of complications
The surgical treatment for the treatment of nasal conges-
tion and sinusitis caused by allergic rhinitis, sometimes
accompanied needed. These patients may have surgery by
a combination of therapy and medication can be success-
fully treated with a disease associated with allergic rhinitis.
◆ Prevention methods
Allergic rhinitis is important to understand whether some
bottles, to avoid aggravating factors causing substances
through environmental management, medication be used
exactly as a regular prescription from your doctor. We
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Safety Compass (2016.04)
Allergy rhinitis
A true understanding of common saying for health
◆Everyone has an allergy =Only one out of five Americans have allergic rhinitis. 보통 It will usually called pollen
allergy and hay fever. Dr. Costa says "Over the past 20-30 In the United States, but the increase in the degree of oc-
currence of food allergies and seasonal trends, some people who do not have allergies do not need to worry about
this allergy."
◆Without seasonal allergic as a child, even large does not occur =Our body can always get new allergies such as
contact and because of us. While no harmful pollen is essentially that the immune system of some people is some-
times a reaction to the pollen when you come across. Dr. Costa, "If there is no childhood allergies can cause allergies
when this grown, and grew even had an allergic allergies may disappear gradually when a kid again," he said.
◆Moving Lives can relieve seasonal allergies =It is not going to move a little help for seasonal allergy sufferers. It
is because the distribution of pollen in a very large area. For example, ragweed New England area is kind of like Tex-
as ragweed people who are allergic to pollen, because they cause allergies in any area.
◆Nose sprays are all bad =Allergic patients should use selectively and thoughtfully nasal spray. Local steroid nose
has a good effect for people with seasonal allergies. This reduces the inflammation in the nose. But there is adverse
sprays shaving. People are addicted to relieve nasal congestion and sometimes sprays you can buy without a pre-
scription. Lotta people have a problem if you are using a two minutes for 5 consecutive days, this happens when the
nose is clogged blood vessels is dependent on the drug due to side effects in the nose. More intensive nose sprays
to relieve tightness and run into a vicious cycle of overuse.
◆If the symptoms are deep when taking medication =Allergic inflammation is the effect lasts for one week. Dr.
Costa, "it is desirable to take the medicine for the regulation until severe since allergies are not severe" and
"Understanding the seasonal allergic to pollen started flying in the air advised to take medication on a regular basis
"he said.
◆Allergy injections are useless =Allergy injections over the past 20 years has became more sophisticated, gotta
have adjusted well to the smallest detail. These injections are prescribed only for people with very severe symptoms.
Recently the US Food and Drug Administration had approved a drug that can replace eating allergy injections, this
drug is effective only grass or ragweed pollen only.
also need to continue treatment to prevent recurrence of
symptoms and complications, even if the regulation. As a
general precaution to avoid eye dust, changes in temperature,
smoke fumes, cosmetics, and stress to the surrounding clean.
There are many seasonal pollen Close the window when you
go out you wear a mask, patient, pet cause will cultivate the
pet.
◆ Living Guide / diet
The goal of the treatment of allergic rhinitis is to avoid me or
even prevent the symptoms interfere with daily life. To do so,
you need a combination drug therapy with thorough environ-
mental management. Also, if suddenly exposed to cold air can
aggravate rhinitis, especially in winter should wear a scarf and
a mask when you go out and keep the room temperature so
no much difference between the indoor and outdoor tem-
perature in summer or winter.
Can be considered typical dust, change, or smoke fumes,
cosmetics, stress also causes the temperature of the element.
It will help to avoid the inducing factor in prevention. If the
house dust mite beds, duvets, pillows, blankets and stuff that
dust is easily released pinch or use the zippered cover and
cover to life. Clean Room using a special filter-equipped
vacuum cleaner will also help. In recent years, the develop-
ment of mites and pesticides. If the reason for the antigen of
the animal must not present an animal in the house or near
the house, and even after about six months to remove the
animals and keep in mind that the antigen is retained so you
can continue to have symptoms.
If the case is not experiencing the symptoms worsen after
eating certain foods you do not eat the food obscure. How-
ever, in some patients it may be the rhinitis symptoms wors-
en after eating certain foods when you are repeatedly symp-
toms after eating certain foods must verify whether caused
by food. You now known as buckwheat, eggs, crab, milk,
shrimp, peaches, peanut flour for food, such as the cause or
aggravate the symptoms of allergies.