Safety

INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETYProf. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Par!." P. DDepartment of PharmaceuticsKLE University College of PharmacyBEL#AUM$%&''('" Karna)a*a" Ind+aCell No: 00919!"!#1000E$!a+, - nanjwade.*/0!a+,.1o!24 August 2012 1 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani23NTENTS$ntro%uction&ypes of ha'ar%s(ecommen%ations an% )uggestions$n%ustrial effluent testing an% treatmentDiscussion on in%ustrial acci%ent case stu%ies*uestions (eferences24 August 2012 2 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniInd4s)r+a, a5ards-$t can +e %efine% as any con%ition pro%uce% +yin%ustries that may cause in,ury or %eath topersonal or loss of pro%uct or property.INTR3DU2TI3N 24 August 2012KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani24 August 2012 4 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani24 August 2012 ! KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani"eat an# Col# $urns "eat stro%e "eat cramps &oot sore 'mmersion foot &rost (itePre)enti)e *easuresA reasona(le temp. of 20+2!0C must (e maintaine#24 August 2012 , KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani - -u%itory Non au%itory effects Preventive measures a. -t source: )ource of noise can +e enclose% /ith an insulation material or concrete /all. Proper maintenance of machinery+. 0y %istancec. Personal protection against noise. 24 August 2012 . KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniNo+se ave )wo )67e of effe1)sE84+7!en) no+se so4r1es ",eve, 9 7o)en)+a, 1on)ro, so,4)+onsE1uipment)oun% level in %0- at # feetPossi+le noise control treatments-ir coolers239! -ero%ynamic fun +la%es45 revolutions6min 7 pitch45 pressure %ropCompressors 9031"0 $nstall mufflers on inta8e49 e:haust4 enclosure the machine /ith casing4 vi+ration isolation 9 lagging of piping systemElectric motors 903110 -coustically line% fun covers4 enclosuremotor mutes24 August 2012 / KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani;eater 9 furnaces9203102 -voi% sonic velocities4 limit pressure %rop 9 mass flo/4 replace /ith special lo/ noise valvesPiping 9310< $nline silencers4 vi+ration isolationE84+7!en) no+se so4r1es ",eve, 9 7o)en)+a, 1on)ro, so,4)+ons24 August 2012 10 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 11Rad+a)+on Rad+a)+on are d+v+ded +n)o )wo 0ro47sNa)4ra,Man !adeCosmic rays ?e%ical 6%ental :3rays isotopesEnvironmental @ra%ioactive elements e.g. uraniumABccupational e:posure$nternal @potassium4A Nuclear ra%ioactive fallout-ppro: 0.1 ra%6yr ?iscellaneousUse of ra%io active su+stances +y %ifferent in%ustries24 August 2012 12 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani )omatic Cenetici. Preventive measuresii. (a%iationsourceshoul%+ehouse%ina+uil%ing that shiel%s any surroun%ing area.iii. (a%iation +a%ges shoul% +e /orn.iv. Perio%ical me%ical e:amination.v. Proper use of lea% shiel%s 9 lea% ru++er aprons.24 August 2012 1 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniEffe1) of a5ards24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 142a4ses)mo8ing in the factoryDefectiveheatinge1uipment4electricale1uipment9 /iring.E:plosive gas lea8age.$na%e1uate protection of electric motors)par8ing of electric /ires 9 e1uipmentProtection 9 prevention&ypes of fire24 August 2012 1! KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniF+re 9 e:7,os+on a5ardsPreventive measuresProhi+ition of smo8ing in manufacturing areas.B:ygenpresentintheinflamma+leatmospheremay +e 5+y %ilution /ith gases such as nitrogen4 co;4steam or com+ination of these. ;a'ar%ous operation shoul% +e isolate%Eliminating the ignition sourcesUsing fire resistant material in construction )uita+le emergency e:its-%e1uate venting 24 August 2012 1, KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniF+re 9 e:7,os+on a5ards-utomatic sprin8lersE1uipment shoul% %esign to meet the specifications 9 co%eofrecogni'e%authorities4suchas$)-4-P$ 9-)?E&he%esign9constructionofpressurevessels9 storage tan8s shoul% follo/ -P$ 9 -)?E co%es.$nspection 24 August 2012 1- KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniF+re 9 e:7,os+on a5ardsChemical "a0ar#sLocal 1ermatitis Ec0ema 2lcers CancerInhalation 3as PoisoningIngestionLiving tissue may +e %estroye% +y chemical reactions such asDehy%rationDigestion B:i%ation 24 August 2012 1. KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniSo4r1e" effe1) 9 7re1a4)+ons of 1e!+1a, a5ardsT67e< so4r1e of 1e!+1a, 1on)a!+nan)Effe1)< or0an affe1)edPre1a4)+ons )o .e )a*en-cri%ines4 phenothia'inesDermatitisCleanliness4 removal of people from the areas as soon as first sign of s8in reaction is o+serve%. )olvents li8e chloroform4 +en'ene ;an%le /ith care=egeta+le %rugs li8e capsicum 9 po%ophyllumDust evolves4 affects eyeCoggles are to +e /ornLong term use of filter /ithout cleaningDust e:plosion (egular cleaning 24 August 2012 1/ KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniSo4r1e" effe1) 9 7re1a4)+ons of 1e!+1a, a5ards$mproper use of cleaning agentscontamination Dollo/ esta+lishe% cleaning proce%uresEor8ing /ith ra%io pharmaceuticals;a'ar%s %ue to emitte% ra%iationEearing lea% coat4 maintaining pressure of /or8ing area slightly less than atmospheric pressureUn%ergroun% tan8s Difficulty in monitoring interior 9 e:terior?inimal use of un%ergroun% tan8s24 August 2012 20 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani &olerancelevelsforto:icchemicalsset+yfe%eral regulations have to +e follo/e%. )tricto+servationofoperationsofallsafety regulations 24 August 2012 21 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniPRE=ENTI=E MEASURES B+o,o0+1a, a5ardsDisease %ue to +iological ha'ar%s 0rucellosis @%airy in%ustryA0yssinosis @te:tile in%ustryA0agassosis @sugar3caneALoco motor %isor%erPreven)+ve !eas4resPerio%ic health chec8 upPersonal protection&he manufacturer shoul% also provi%eDirst ai% facilities$nitial e:aminationDacility for vaccination(outine sanitation programme24 August 2012 22 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani Me1an+1a, a5ards-cci%entsusuallyta8eplace+ythecom+inationofunsafe con%ition 9 carelessness.?ost of in%ustrial acci%ents are %ue toDaulty inspection$na+ility of employeePoor %isciplineLac8 of concentrationUnsafe practice?ental 9 physical unfitness for ,o+Daulty e1uipment or improper /or8ing con%ition$mproper training regar%ing the safety aspects24 August 2012 2 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniF$n or%er to prevent mechanical acci%ents factories act lay %o/n certain re1uirements Dor cranesEn% +uffers$n%icating lamps)ignalsProof loa%ingupto"0 tons "(? Danger signs. &heD-NCE(hea%erisuse%/henthereisaha'ar%ous situation/hichhasahighpro+a+ilityof%eathorsevere in,ury.$tshoul%not+econsi%ere%forproperty%amage unless personal in,ury ris8 is present. 24 August 2012 , KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani2) Caution signs. (i)

&heC-U&$BNhea%erisuse%toin%icateaha'ar%ous situation/hichmayresultinminorormo%eratein,ury. ;o/ever4Cautionshoul%not+euse%/henthereisa possi+ility of %eath or serious in,ury. 24 August 2012 - KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani>@? Safety instruction signs

Ceneral)afety)igns@)-DE&ID$()&40E C-(EDUL4&;$NKAshoul%in%icategeneral instructionsrelativetosafe/or8practices4 remin%ersofpropersafetyproce%ures4an%the location of safety e1uipment. 24 August 2012 . KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani(4) Biological hazard signs.

&he+iologicalha'ar%/arningshall+euse%to signifytheactualorpotentialpresenceofa +ioha'ar%an%toi%entifye1uipment4containers4 rooms4materials4e:perimentalanimals4or com+inationsthereof4/hichcontain4orare contaminate% /ith4 via+le ha'ar%ous agents. 24 August 2012 / KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniPictographPictographmeansapictorialrepresentationuse%to i%entify a ha'ar%ous con%ition or to convey a safety instruction 24 August 2012 40 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniSignal WordSignal word means that portion of a tagJs inscription that contains the /or% or /or%s that are inten%e% to capture the employeeJs imme%iate attention. 24 August 2012 41 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniagTag means a %evice usually ma%e of car%4 paper4 paste+oar%4 plasticorothermaterialuse%toi%entifyaha'ar%ous con%ition. 24 August 2012 42 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniDanger agsDangertagsshall+euse%inma,orha'ar%situations /hereanimme%iateha'ar%presentsathreatof%eath orseriousin,urytoemployees.Dangertagsshall+e use% only in these situations. 24 August 2012 4 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniCaution agsCautiontagsshall+euse%inminorha'ar%situations /hereanon3imme%iateorpotentialha'ar%orunsafe practicepresentsalesserthreatofemployeein,ury. Caution tags shall +e use% only in these situations. 24 August 2012 44 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniWarning agsEarningtagsmay+euse%torepresentaha'ar%level +et/eenKCautionKan%KDanger4Kinstea%ofthe re1uire%KCautionKtag4provi%e%thattheyhavea signal/or%ofKEarning4Kanappropriatema,or message24 August 2012 4! KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniBiological !azard ags&he sym+ol %esign for +iological ha'ar% tags shall conform to the %esign sho/n +elo/: 24 August 2012 4, KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniColor Coding"Danger agKD-NCE(K 33 (e%4 or pre%ominantly re%4 /ith lettering or sym+ols in a contrasting color. 24 August 2012 4- KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniColor Coding"Caution agKC-U&$BNK 33 Iello/4 or pre%ominantly yello/4 /ith lettering or sym+ols in a contrasting color. 24 August 2012 4. KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniColor Coding"Warning agKE-(N$NCK33Brange4orpre%ominantlyorange4/ith lettering or sym+ols in a contrasting color. 24 August 2012 4/ KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniBiological !azard ag0$BLBC$C-L;-L-(D33Dluorescentorangeor orange3re%4orpre%ominantlyso4/ithletteringor sym+ols in a contrasting color. 24 August 2012 !0 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniInd4s)r+a, eff,4en) )es)+n0 and )rea)!en)Eff,4en)isanoutflo/ingof/aterfromanatural+o%y of /ater4 or from a man3ma%e structure.Eaterpollutionor/aste/ater%ischargefromthe in%ustrial facilities.REAS3N 3F TESTIN#&o fin% out3Pollution loa% 3Presence of to:ic ingre%ients 3Color4 tur+i%ity4 o%our an% 1uality of /ater 3p; an% aci%ity 6 al8alinity 3)uspen%e% soli%s an% %issolve% soli%s 3Phenolic compoun%s an% oily materials 24 August 2012 !1 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani#UIDELINES F3R TESTIN# EFFLUENTS)amplesmay+ecollecte%atspecificintervalsan% finally can +e mi:e% +efore analysis.Containers ma%e up of glass4 polythene or any suita+le plastic material may +e use%.)amplesmayalso+erefrigerate%toavoi%lossof volatile matter)amples coul% +e preserve% after a%,usting the p; B"4 CB"4 CB may +e estimate% 24 August 2012 !2 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani Effluents may +e e:presse% as mg6ltr4 ppm4 G6ltr4 an% mcg6ltr -ci%ity 6 -l8alinity 6 Bil 6 Crease 6 CN 6 Phenol 6 Dyes content shoul% +e reporte%TESTING OF WASTE WATER (EFFLUENT) TEST TREATMENT METH3D7H-ci%ic0asicLime or N-B;;")B!24 August 2012 ! KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniTHE RESULTS 3F TESTIN# ARE REP3RTED AS F3LL3AS-)uspen%e% )oli%s )e%imentationBil an% grease 3grease taps3s8immingCyani%eChlorinate% 9 comple: /ith pyri%ine pyro:olene3Colourimetrically3al8aline chlorination3o:i%ation /ith o'one3o:i%ation /ith ;"B"Phosphates3Convert to ammonium moly+%atephosphates3e:tracte% /ith +en'ene6 iso+utyl alcohol mi:ture3organic phase treate% /ith tin chlori%e @+lueAColourimetrically3ppt /ith chal8 or lime3coagulation /ith alum24 August 2012 !4 KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniTHE RESULTS 3F TESTIN# ARE REP3RTED AS F3LL3AS-?ercury3treate% /ith nitric aci% an% potassium %ichromate soln3 treare% /ith tin chlori%e=apour %etermine% +y spectrophotometry3Coagulation3chelation /ith trimercaptotria'inePhenolic compoun%s)team %istillation3aci%ify @p;>!A3 a%% Cu)B! soln3-%% aminoantipyrine soln3 e:tracte% /ith chloroformcalorimetrically(emoval +y polymeric a%sor+ents24 August 2012 !! KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniTHE RESULTS 3F TESTIN# ARE REP3RTED AS F3LL3AS-BI3L3#I2AL 3BY#EN DEMAND$t is the amounts of o:ygen re1uire% +y micro organisms to +io chemically o:i%i'e car+onaceous organic matter at "0 0C in < %ays.10 mg6litre or less E:cess ma8es /ater to:ic MEASUREMENT)pecial %esigne% +ottle /ith flare% cap$ncu+ate% at "0 0C for < %ay measuring DB?icroorganism a%%e% if re1uire%24 August 2012 !, KLE College of Pharmacy, NipaniDissol o:y in ppm @mg6ltrA M N@=A @2A @1000A=1= M =olume of so%ium thio sulphate re1uire%.N M Normality=1M =olume of sample ta8en.2HEMI2AL 3BY#EN DEMAND B:ygen e1uivalent of organic matter present in /aste /aterthat is suscepti+le to o:i%ation Easte /ater sample is reflu:e% /ith a 8no/n e:cess of pot. %ichromate in a