SAD
Feb 24, 2016
SAD
Dissociative Fugue
Psychological Disorders and
TreatmentMyers Ch. 12 & 13
Disorders in pop-culture
As Good as it Gets
Copycat Talladega Nig
hts What about B
ob
Define ‘abnormal’
Defining disorders 1) Deviant 2) Distressful 3) Dysfunctional Patterns of
thoughts, feelings, or behaviors
Understanding disorders &
perspectives Medical Model—approaching
abnormal psychology as a disease that has symptoms, and can be diagnosed and treated.
Psychoanalytic Model—disorders are expressions of internal conflict
Cognitive-Behavioral Model—disorders are the development of learning maladaptive behaviors…which can be unlearned.
Integrated Models Diathesis-stress model
—suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
Systems approach—(biopsychosocial) suggests that disorders are lifestyle diseases—reduces the emphasis on predisposition
Terms to know… Etiology—cause Comorbidity—
co-occurence of two or more disorders in a singe individual
Insanity—legal not medical
Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology
Multiple Personality Disorder (DID)
Constructed memories
Exists primarily in the US
Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
The Purple Heart is not given to soldiers diagnosed with PTSD because it is not a physical wound.
Psychological stigma Why so prevalent
now?
Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology
Cultural/Gender Bias in diagnosis
ADHD/ODD Histrionic
Personality Disorder—attention seeking, provocative, heightened sexual activity
Anxiety Disorders GAD Phobias Panic
disorders OCD
Mood Disorders Bipolar Disorder
Mania and depressed states Treated with lithium Virginia Woolf, Winston
Churchill, Ernest Hemmingway, Teddy Roosevelt
Depressive Disorders Major Depressive Disorder SAD “learned helplessness
theory” SSRI
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia—loss of memory of significant personal information
Dissociative Fugue—loss of memory of one’s personal history along with an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity
Developmental Disorders
ADHD Conduct Disorders
(ODD) Learning Disorders Communication
Disorders Autism—impairment in
communication and social interaction (can be considered an emotional deficit)
Personality Disorders
Odd/Eccentric Schizotypal, Paranoid,
Schizoid
Dramatic/erratic— antisocial, borderline,
histrionic, narcissistic
Anxious/inhibited— avoidant or dependant
personality disorders
Schizophrenia Schizophrenia One of the most
devastating and mystifying of the mental disorders
Occurs in roughly 1% of the population
Effects men slightly more than women
Late onset disorder
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Delusion—false belief, often bizarre, grandiose, and/or persecution.
Hallucination—false perceptual experience (i.e., hearing voices
Disorganized speech—severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently
Grossly disorganized behavior—behavior that is inappropriate for the situation
Negative Symptoms—emotional and social withdrawal, apathy, etc…aka, and absence of certain normal behavior or motivation
Types of Schizophrenia
Paranoid Type—characterized by absurd illogical delusions, vivid hallucinations, resulting in poor judgment and dangerous behaviors
“A Beautiful Mind” John Nash
Types of Schizophrenia
Catatonic Type—characterized by alternating periods of extreme withdrawal and extreme excitement
Types of Schizophrenia
Disorganized Type—a more severe disintegration of the personality. Emotional distortion is typically manifested in inappropriate laughter, peculiar mannerisms, bizarre often obscene behavior.
Types of Schizophrenia
Undifferentiated Type—displays symptoms of previous three types
Residual Type—mild symptoms following a more intense episode
Biological Factors Dopamine hypothesis Strong genetic
component Treated with dopamine
blocking medication—antipsychotics
2 to 3 times more likely to smoke—self medicating? Answers for treatment?
Tardive Dyskinesia
Positive Psychology Martin Seligman—
human happiness and virtue deserve the same attention as disorders
What creates happiness? Genetics Friends Money Comes from goodness
Treatment and Therapy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3JPa2mvSQ4
Types of therapists Psychologist Psychiatrist Social Worker Counselor
The stuff we used to do…
Hydrotherapy = waterboarding
Lobotomies Blood letting Cocaine Shock therapy
Types of Modern Therapy
Psychodynamic Therapy 29% of therapy Why we still talk
about Freud Dream Analysis Free Association Projective Tests
Types of Therapy Behavioral
Therapy Focuses on changing
maladaptive behaviors into more constructive ones
Token economy— Exposure Therapy—
systematic desensitization
Exposure hierarchy Aversive
conditioning
Types of Therapy Humanistic/
Existential Therapies Person Centered
Therapy: Rogers Active listening—
paraphrase, clarification, reflect feelings
Unconditional positive regard
Gestalt Therapy: the whole person/situation—role playing
Types of Therapy Cognitive
Therapy Involves teaching
clients to change belief patterns.
CBT—Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; very effective in treating depression, and anxiety.
Aaron Beck + Dalai Lama
Types of Therapy Group
Therapy Couple and family
therapy Substance abuse Divorce support
Drug Therapies Psychopharmacology Antipsychotic drugs—
Schizophrenia—dopamine
Anti--anxiety medications Increase GABA High risk of tolerance
development Withdrawal causes
anxiety, so…
Drug Therapies Antidepressants and
mood stabilizers Connections to
suicide?
SSRIs Serotonin and
Norepinephrine