SABDA MANJARI Enlarged Edition with a most interesting Chapter on Samasa, Foot-Notes and Glossary
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
SABDA MANJARIEnlarged Edition with a most interesting
Chapter on Samasa, Foot-Notes and
Glossary
Sinskrit Study Made Easy Series
A Reformed Series of Four Illustrated Sanskr t Readers.
With Grammatical Conversational Exercises,
Glossary etc ,
For a Pleasant & Quick Study of San krit.
Mo wd !y used throughout I .dia ar.d Foreign Couutriei
Viz Ceyion. Siam Bangkok, Germany, Italy Australia,
California, San Fra' cisco etc.
And Selected By The E' bassy of India
and T. e Ministry of Education and Scientific
Reteari i uj Govt, of India fo Prese ;a: ion to
Foreign Students of San k it
FOREWORD
SSP?: PM: §^l>:
HldSW R?T*fiM<
Such is the Greatness of the vn^T which is also
known as the qurt1
the language of the Gods. Thescript (fofa) in which Sanskrit words are written is called
^rrmcV
The system of Sanskrit Grammar is the centre of animportant and interesting subject for the study of the
Ancient Vedic and Modern Sanskrit literatures. It is also
the standard of Accuracy and the basis to produce sweet
and precious expressions and win prizes as qfar-
JTjjTCTst offered to his Court Pandits.
This book grepmft will be a very simple andvaluable Text for the proper study of the gaRT portion
including 3T^, tfmtfSWW etc. The portion, verb
system, is likewise separately dealt with in a very
analytical form in the vngCTTOft book.
The Special Features of this Edition are (1) the
Simplified arrangement of the 3OTWSTOWI, (2) the addi-
tion of apt illustrations in Slokas for examples of various
voices, (3) the inclusion of a very interesting chapter on
UfasTOOT giving apt illustration in charming Slokas andalso in for all the 5 ?fas and (4) the adding of the
method of - Aoalysis of Sloka and sentence.
It is earnestly hoped that the production of such
Simple and interesting Text Boeks will be a good service
for the most easy and pleasant study of Sanskrit and as
quickly as any other languages of the World.
Kalpathi, Palghat-3.
17— 3—61
L. Anantha Rama Sastri,
Vyakarana Siromani
fiwn^Knl«I«BT (CONTENTS)
Foreword 3
§«rt <
—
1—Introduction $
\ g^-st^Pn: or Cases c
\ ^Srm^T
—
bt^ : 5^3?—Sanskrit Alphabet
V 5pj^n ••• ••• Vsn$ror; <*&(& ^ •••
% €TWT 5T®? f^TPT: H*
(^) 3HRT R^oiq;... 1H
(^) 3T5RT sroron —f}) qjgsfel SRWl .... V*
(Vy 5^*tT jfejf ...
(^) 5^1 5PR°t^ ... *\
($) 5^^ ... ''.I
v. • gfaw Pronouns *\<— «*
C qyp srepp(—Numerals ... v»\—
(<!) 3T©^T: ....
.*. **
(^) 5T*^T:
(*) sf^n-sf^r 5T^t:.
< 5T*? ^TPTt .... ...
(t) 3f^T S$W{. ...
(\) ST5RT Sftfo* 5T^TH •••
(^) Sf^Rf •TJTOfeS ... %*
?!
h
•%sr: SP«f*n
(v' §v^ gfei? n^ojn * • •
(’*.) 5^<T sftras jR^orq;
{%) strafe* ssvm • • •^oV»
io^ s^raTP;—Conjugation of verbs W— «,»!
(’<) R^T^TT—Introduction • * • W(^.} ott *r^r—v^rf?; • • •
(?) fg^fcf noi;—ar^j^; • « • <5=10
(>•*) 3^T -lot:—rTn:%; • • •
°ii 5w) ,T{?r§q'Jiti—Voices••vt l^V-
?TW:—TO • # • —1W(0 • • •
(=.) afe5#l: • • • *»v»
(\) fWRRW^:--^lfiwT • •• V**(v)
• • •
(V/ ororift: • • •
srWT^t—Analysis
=)* —Inaeciiaab’es • • • 1*V-
W
srarasn—introduction • • •
('*) 3TS4#m, (\) Bpni^or,
(0 S^<T, (*) f^f, (’0 cirScTRT. ... -m(f.) 5^T, (*) g^TflT STSi^nft u» ^WS
(c) =sfsr, («,) ^Tc^^szr^, ... iv«
(l«) STKTTfjr ... r*\
’SH STS^BTST:—Glossary ... <^y
INTRODUCTION
— : o :
—
The words of Sankrit Language are classified-
under two main groups.
1: ‘ ’ or i- C. baviDg the ‘ §<{/ or
Termination - Declinables.
e. g. fl*:, WI, CE* etc.
2.
‘ ’ or having the or gW3SR
Terminations of verbs e. g. vr^fa, etc.
Those words which cannot be declined or conju-
gated are termed as Indeclinables or 3T®JPTS
e. g. 3T?I etc.
Adverbs, Prepositions or Prefixes and Conjunctions
are grouped under a^w^r.
* ’ Sabdas are grouped under the following
four classes.
1. fitted 5RT: Adjectives ngr-., g$:, gfif: ^zr:-
2. .fitter ^T: Nouns TUT:, trg
3. T&TW 5T^I: Pronouns ar^ „
4. qpri gstjiif Cardinals W, l» ^ .*
((Numerals)
Introduction vs
The above groups are dec’ined to show)Gender
or (2) Number or and(3) Case or fspji*!,
There are three Genders(1) Masni me gfcr)
(2) Feminine (tffe*) and Neuter)
There are Three Numbers or
1. Singular Showing Onj
2. Dual Showing 1 wo
3. Plural srg^FT Showing mor-.- thsii Two.
There are Eight cases or frjrgw:. /idv- cparate
Table with sj^pjts and Meanings on Page 8. C;.;e? show
the relation ot the 5^7 to the governing words.
There are 13 vowels - or wt : The words ond.ng
in 3T?: are called 9?srt: :
Thcie are 33 consonants 53; or ejprst.i.T The words
ending in are called 53^11:.
The dec endon of Sabdas are dealt h re ir. the
above order. Where there is an omission of words
ending in some letters it is to be noted that no fcabda
exists in that <*of.
Verbs are formed out of Roots (*r.g) and are
conjugated to show Number, Person and Tense or m ods
Details are given on Page 108.
u ^ Occt/3
u.
Du
•
-Go
>• ^4
c/>r-«
C3L.
G wo 5• *“• • #
uj £o ~
•
ccO
J=Z
HC5
00»A
<1ic/
sCj
<-«
p-cT «>•Cm
«4-T
o#»
'
ok*o
C• —*
aof uT 5
-OCO
u.
•->
OoS'o
Ci *OU- a
o O • •“*»
.rj> g « c
ow«
i
- o CO •
Sr* X
-a i Cg'g*e o< ^.
.
«
fcr
&priff
£‘
Cm ^ **
RT cp
|T.S
.8 € «6*8tS>3- "
Uf
«$
&!T’ K'fcr fcr
>* H
fcr a-* 5+
* ;=* .?
ft'
1?.
55 »•>«
f I
<D O ;>• 3
> > k. o •w
wc«
G
•jC«G
oCAC/D
>• ^*4*-*
rt
ca;
GO
O>• «»«4
u>
*1—
©>
*
• •*•
ao2
aoz
o>k(A3 au! 2 • «»4
*->
ca
“O"Oco
o
<c
«—
<
CO
G>—
.
!
«Q <
a*u .
oc?
o
k. 00
-* £W5 C IId? **tr
4dS'
B ‘to gf? Jy lr &
w ii
The Sanskrit Alphabet Consists of 46 Letter?
(13 Vowels and 33 Consonants.)
(FHT) = VoweSs 13.
-*7, f, i a, WH <?, 1. ^Out of the above the 5 vowels gj, and % are
S'*!: (Shore vowels) and the S vowels VT, 7, 3?, ^ 1, ?/,
3Tf and vft are ^vrf: (Long vowels) |!
- Consonants 33, in Eight Groups,
i*^ *
v;•v 7 3 — Gutturals g*rO
5.. X%
oT5?StI7; — Palatals
f- f * X Ji^KTT: — Lin&uals (z sr*V
’4. V\ \ % X V=rtf.‘: — Denials 5$:)
• X X ’sfown — Labels («r 5 T:)
»"* Palatal 3TRj:«ciT:
Lingual or• «V/?
Dental Bind-Vowels#
Denial and Labial
Palatal SOTTO:Vfr. Lingual or
Denial S5l»f!anir»
• •••• Aspirate
The last three letters of each of the first five groans
or qvrf: together with the semi vowels and the aspirate
are called Soft Consonants The rest are called Hard
‘Consonants,
Besides the above 46 letters there arc two more
sounds known as srg^tt: (-) fWr (s) il
rwffctf mtm—The usage of cases.
The following Slokas show the usage of all cases ir
it, tBcoj and 3^ Sabdas in
Wf 5F?:-—
SR*TT —sfaW:
fitftar —i\A
<c<ftaT —*m—irorc
raft
# —*PK*T
3H*ft ~~RR
vm f
—*rc!
PRT *TR:
^pt rw. I
srf #
S^PPB II
R.cww
fffimv. fi'NfFTI
^•m^T 3[P5ts^Ti
^ ^tuf ?PT‘||
\* *& ^~S#f *Tf^* Jj^r 5^ l
R TO 3^:, nRuRd 5ft *nr, qrftgfr lit
II ii
I)£p vro: sro li
& JW: Wl 3^: '
spfaT-Prayer
^IWfN ^rhl ^TWTH'T^ I
f^m^ Tr^fm^^fr n l
W^rcraFrq; 3itw*t I
37trF <nfa^ sra: il*
^t mi f^ti 5FT3fRm: l
<tohto TO^ 'nforo sw: ll 3
^ ttpto w n «
^I'H'+.lt *R«fa TTFT^TC I
^it ^ wtsfor 5pmq; n ^
’T: ftr*t ^TTrpRTO *TI twH#<£( I
^prt: Jht wrt ^THf^ ll• 5
V OT«raRfqf^=* The right understanding of the words
and their meanings;sp^=(i) salute,
^fspn^having obtained ; fcR=entire.
*. ftrc::»words ; <r*T:=darkness ; f5^r=removed.
v. 8TfinT=lgnorance ;^rar=brush; 3^tftfecT=opened*
H- gft^W^stnfaR and Md^fe.
sfo:-always ; 5PT=Victory; tTjfc&»auspicious,
Study of is essentia! and
is very interesting too
Itg&sgre ^ ii ? ii
73ft ?H'4h mft T3 p -^frohjv
i
-;^r: si^ to? to?, 'W\ W&im• •
M tow4 ^^ gnroiu n
sh s—§si s^r^nt £irf^ 1 s&tftc «to«^ ii
S^ISM I ^fcS? 71 SnSflfafl* !*
3^— sm^rtqq^^ H!
*.. ?rs^r:§fGrammar•,^.to tie; 5frft=E!eph3at •
^5Ktt^cr;g=Lotus stern fibre,
v. cf5?lft=even then;
cr5=study;
?qnR:=relatives;
q5PT:=dogs; s*fcentire; 5r-555=bit;
gf>3=once ; 3Tf?i=ordure.
§^*=Good voice; 3Rn(:o«r^fi=clear letters;
2on:=qualiScations,
3?g?rm Instruction.
*t?i<n^=^'*ra?c. <Tcrafaf<T JT?i»rsjrai
•^FStM^eioqaent in Grammar, vrq=may become*
FOR NOTES
FOR NOTES
II sfkm3T^ II
* f^RpTT *
II 5K*rad II
TOR0!^ f^TFT:
3F5RI JJBf
a^RFcl: 3%: ‘TO’^ (Kama)
%=H'R,
vm to: TO TO:
t jwn ^TOv * i
% TO \r to:
fbftar toj; TO TOF*V
<[#n *T%0T* toto TO:
i\w*n TO^:
toto
TOTT:
TO*ft TTTOt: TOTS
W §3, 5$K for, CT 51p:
* In ggfal and qgt a|^T the letter ^ will
he generally, changed to ^ when it comes after \oi %
c.f.j^T, 35'^>etc”
ee Panini’s °T; II
?*
jf^f: rl5^: (Vishnu)
ST. 6: 6*
S. ST.
aT£.
3- OTT
*T. I#6* #R?t
<T. 6°n^S. 6 6i: 5^3
<33 3R, ftft, «forfa
3. f^RRT: 3^: *-‘*TfcT (Master, Husband)
IT. mi 6V *mt
& ST. 16 1 6Vft q6V
3* 'T^IT <ri¥*T:
6V
and are irregular bases in | The
words however is declined like^ when it stands at
tbe end of a compound,
viz
3T3RT STSTRor 5I3^T:
q. q^: qftprf qft*q:
q. q^: q^qt: qqtqp^
q. q?q? q^qt: qfqq
3%: ‘ qi<B ’ 5T®?: (Friend)
q. q^T qq<qr q^q:
q. q. ?q% 1 qqiqt f wmift. q*qrqr mvg3. q^qi qfq*qT #fq:q. mi qfa*qf qftqq:
q. mg: qftnqf qftf*q:
q. mgi qqqt: qqfcri^
q. qqqt: qftrs
'A. d+KR; (Teacher)
q. 3* : 3^ 3^J
q. q. t3^ l?F l3^ift. 3S 3^3. 3^n 3**tf 3^ftJ
q. 3^ 3^T 3^q*
7.
7. 37'i: gpruj
3. m.^ 3*3, ^3, *ng, 33 W:
V 5R75RR: : 51°?: (Giver)
7. ^131 zjm ^ItTR!
£ 7. | 5RR 1 tort I TORrs
rc.
•
?I3KT TO*3. 3771 TO*tf TOW
TO*7T TO*7:
7 . TO 3FF7
1
aoro7 . TO 4
.1^11^
s. ?T3R TO377 7|<J, 77$ I ||
* Nouns derived from roots with the affix 3 such
as vritj. $$ etc. are to be declined like sffij|
They form
their feminines by the addition of ‘ §’
etc.
sFFfl
'3. W: 2%: ‘fa[? 5K: (Father)
3. mi ft*vm faro
^ 5f. 1 far: $ mn | fan:
ft farm;rv «kmn • fq^j;
mi farm farm:<s **m fa[m farm
7. m: Tq^rm mm7. 1%
rx *\
I'm: fq^qf
*3. farfr rnt: fan
qt 9T<2, M, ^ 5F®?I: I 51^
mTR: jftjf: * ‘ T » 5T^: (Wealth)
51. Ti: Tnfr tft:-
# 51. Iti:s ^
^ nqi 1 tft:
ft TFT^ TFTI TFT:
3. TFTT Tim Tim:
m Tim Tim
i q. TFT: Tim Tim»
>1 *‘t* ^q-. ‘*n’ qr-;^ ^tfassfa t ^Tifir
g^JS5T6^ ii
«T.
S.
TFTT:
R,. afi'hKKl: 3^W : ‘iTt’ (Bui!)
5T.. *ft: *Tlfl *TR:
m\ I ^T'T:
ft.TTRT 5TI!
*T5T tfr^pqt *TtW
R. ilt ft*qf
7. ^Tt:
7. Jit: tt€Y:
S. *TFT *Rt: %\0. aftarcTR: 3^: ^ (Moon) 5R?:
51.
*mi *mt mir
S 51.
v *>
t *37: | ssrt it *3R:fs
15. *31'-W *?w *3Ht
*^fr-RT
R, *<5it *3rfari *3T*TJ
<r.*Dr*r:
«T. *3H» *3Rm
H. *<$iR ^itt*
tojr h
3F5RT 4
—.o:
—
\13TT^RF^: tffejf:
lmv (Lakshmi)
u. W mv
4 m |^n:
ft Tm:
3. mm ^TT^TT
mm ^TT^Tt tiot:
q. vm*. mrmr mVWw*n: vmti mm^
H. imcnj ifofT, $WT, 35ir q^q : I
‘W<3TSr> 513 1 :
*| 3F»P, ‘I 31$’, ‘I 3f5’ fft II
U-2^1<R: :. ‘*TTrP ^:
(Intelleot)
u. imt wt:
# sr. | im:
ft ITMT
1 . 5ftf% arara^: 5T=3T: =T fWl 1
2. All abstract nouns (HTtSI^T:) ending in % i.6.,
Sfe, ?fcT, *r%, etc. are to be declined like rrfij li
*Px- *kj<3mK
TT^fT
TOT - TO% :1
* Hid^rt nfiFrr
<r. TOW - 5$*> jqftwit
<r. TOW -
S. TOTT3; tot? TO^t:
• 03 gfe EP33«I:
f: 5T^: (River)
51.
ATO:
& s.
V A$ *^IT | to:
ftA
SWT TO*:
$ tot wrror TOlw
*r.
ATO TO^TT
tT. TOT: TOf^:
3. TOi: TOt: TOHHT,
S. TOi^ tot: #3^ =fITIft, wsft
,^T,^ *P35R: 1 S$?ft
cPft, $
WJ, I
* Sftf&lf Words ending in * 5’ i.e., *jfrT> ^
etc., have two forms in the Singular of ^rgsff, *F^fi
and
3T3RT ^
{8. |$RR: $%: ‘^fr’ 51s?:(Lakshmi)
5T, ?ft: ml fan
S. S. I ?ft: 1 mi | far:
ft. PTO fan fan
3. PHI sffarr srifa:
=3. fat - f*& tfpRt site:
<T. fan: - m:, sffatf *fte:
*?. f«nn: - f^pr:, fait: sffafy fam
*r. fan^ - fafa mi: to^ &, $1. >ft W: li
f:‘ 5P^: (Woman)
ST. fft mi fan
#. 5f. 4:fa,-s ^
t mi 4 m:ft. mi fan, #:
3. mi fN #fa
*r. m ffter:•
«T. fmi: stef Ste:
*? mi: #TO*T. fm mi: to
•
331RRI: <^> 51^: (Cow)
5T. H3. 5T. 1 t TO:rs
T5. H H:
tot ^cqt q#r:
* to-^t%, ^t:^Ri: - ^t:
*T. ^Ri: - ^t:, ^SjTP^
TOt: ^33
33, 13, *33, ^3 W: "
’
'
5 . 3^fTFrT: * SIR: (Bride)
ST.
Ato:
3. ST. t ^ .i tot | to:
m. tot *t?
% TOJK
^*TT T^r:
% TO TfR:
7. tot: tjr:
* Note that the words ending in s i. e#> vfg.
^3? S3. etc., also have two forms in the Singular of
<W*ft. ^ and SHift like 11
SFTR°r 5T^I:
Tfroj;
H. ptfc P3P 11 ,
W ||
\C. 3^RRT: ^ 5i^ :(Earth)
ST. H} PT p:
$ ST. 1 pi !1 p:
iz. p^ PT p:
z. pi
^
.
p -ift, ^rt
T. pi: - pi, p^r:
T. PT: - Ph PT:
FT. PT^- '#> pt:
P *T, §H 5PJP: ||
°S. °\
* 31^: (Sister)
ST. ^TFTTCT
S. 5f. I PFT: | SWKT | OTTT:
ft. ^rrc^ ^PTHT
* The words siitj, |f|<| and being them-
selves feminine do Dot takethe feminine termination f -
See foot-notes on page 18.
^5*qt
q. ^pqfq. FT#: wpn^h. ^TTS *q#J WJ
R°. RyfiRR: 5i^: (Mother)
51. *TFTT TTTSTCT *TRR:
#. 51. | mi ? HTSRT ^ RldS*
ft HI3M Vf%
3- vm wqt mftv=3. m WRt m?vq. m? myitq. m *n^T: mpwiST. *n#
q4 WL, II
3^: (Wealth)
aitW: ST^: **fc 5P5?: (Cow)
^ ^.K'R
^ 1 k J SP5?: (Sky)
sfrsRF^: #%•: ^ (Boat)
^«VN<V
3f3Rf <jJlRs^ R^jp^
3T3FtT
: o
R*. ^KRI: < ’^5 > ?r^: (Fruit)
3.
ft. 'CT; txSIW
^ ^ !!
|3>RRI: fcRjftf :
1? 51®?: (Water)*
sr. ^TTH fifaft
tf. ir. *1 mft t^rrM Ir\
ft.
3. mm\ m*n sifw
=3. ^Tfwt
<?. mmi sifoar:
nftw snftTt: 'uAnl'H.
S. . ?lf^Tf: fife
*’
The neuter words ending in % 3 and *5 hav
two forms in the TOT 11
5K: (Curd)
IT.
4 *t. 1 ?ftft I sftft
ft. eft
?ft*TTrv rs
3[rqm:
% eft*ft ?tw:
<T. ^1: eft*?i eftro:
% 3[W ?SIR
H. eft -
^ 3rf&, arf^t 5R3J:
p>RR: < J 515?: (Pure)
5?. m sfMt
4 sr. \ ^r-l ift,
ft. m3. #rra:
=?. I5RWTT
* The adjectives (neuter) ending in 5, s and ^ have
two forms in the Singular of ggsff, q^ft5qgt and gHift and
^0t, UH«ft fffR? ;one form being the masculine form of
nouns ending in the respective letters (cf. 5$, gtjt, etc.)
3T5RI 5Io^T: RR
3 . #R! " #**> #*3T #*3:
3 .#s: - #:> ^wiq;
s. ^llW- #rat:-^3t:> #13awiR, §tf*T 3^:
R<^. 3^KRf: ^3#$: ‘Hf* (Honey)
3. *3 33^ 33ft
S 3. %3#^ 1; 3gtf |
a. n 33ft
3. 33*3f 33m:
=3. s# 33*3f 33*3:
3. *3* 33# • 33*3!
3. *3* 3#: 3331^
ff. 333t: 333
R33, 3*§, 3R? 3^: 1
R*,. 333S3: 3p3#f : ^ 5P*S: (Heavy)
XI. m 3#r
S3. 1 # - 1 3^> 13^ 1 ssfa
ft 3* 3*°ft
3- 3^n 3$*3t gsft*
=3. 3# - 3^> 35*11
«?• 3^:, - W>, W*T 3W*?. 3^i: - 3%:, - 3*fo gPTR
*T. 3#r - 3?t, grtt?-g^:» 353
^ 35, 25, *§, ^3 f
(That which gives)
9. ^PJ^TT STFjafV
S S. 1 to - 1to t to°a l^ofVrs
T5. TO.1^ 2T^
<T.- 3[ffiT
>STTRt S^TijnTJ
- 3^t TO^ •
TO*tf
7. TOf^-TO*> TO^Ti
3. tt^*- ^3*> TOTOTO^- ^ld^Tlt-^rati> TOS
trt cfi§, IT^J,^ *P3sfll:
WRI-, ^.^RFcir: srl'TKF^T:,
sftaKKil^l SI^T: q f^Rf II
3i5R?
It 3T5R|5W^ ||
^ ^5^ , PF* W^'
\\. ,*M>KRf: 3^^:<
^I(H^ (Merchant)
3T. #T^‘
4 , jt.
*The final ^ or sns changed to ^ when followed
by a hard consonant or by nothing and when followed
soft consonant.
sra^swH
ftrs ^
'TTGRT 3Tor:
q-fap^qf ^forfj^
=*T. crfq% 'rfujJ+Mf
T. ^TW]
3. #r: ^rrn^r: *tRrt*
*T. ^f«rra ^TOt:
Ri^t
,
^frR
ST^RFcT: 3^: ‘RHT' 5T^: (Kitag)
5J. RRT RR:
tf. sr. | RRT 1Hr:ft KR^ RRT rtct:
3- Tr=n RF^TT rrt%=3. ^1% rrrt<T. rr: Rtfwrt
%
'f. rr: RRTq^
S. ^5^3 sPJjR:
SNTCW 5I^T:
V<*-‘ IT^’ 5T»?: (Wind)
JT. TOT
* JT. |n^ I IT# I TO:rs
TS. *Twr TOMt'dl WS:I# TO^K
<r. Htrs^JT TO^K
<r. Ht*d
2
M#2 TOT^it#: ITOS
#TO,j TO* 1
W, TO* ; *TO»
^1^, <\Rsd, *TO*W tpifa II
‘The Present Participles of roots of the 3rd
-conjugation ftwr^etc.
Andathe present participles of the 2nd conjugation 3T$r?t.,
-jsnstft, etc. are declined like n
All other Participles of the Preseat and the Future
in the masculine>
e*P. are t0 b®
declined lik^ II (Vide page 34.)
5R5RF9: p5f
:
*£
> 5f3^ : (One who cooks)
^ cTqfiRRT: 51®^: (Great)
S. mj*r.
sr. i to t toA t to*nft WTO to*
513?^
5T. TO
j%: ‘sir
5?fr
51®^: (Friend)
9PP€ 5F. t to 1 TO?ft. §TO 5^ W-1
5. WX. 9S& §£CT TOP**
«T. m TOP**
to* TO*{ TOTOs. 9lft TO^ TO9
\C
V\. .'KFcf: jf^|;:
,(
3p^ 55?: (Young man)
Sf. PT Pm PH!
ls^ tpi# 1 PR!ft. PPP* f*R> 5
J*I!
3. P* p*qi pft:
% $ p*qf p*q:
<r. W' p*qf
q. P! Wa. pt: PI
V\. q+KKl: 3^f: ‘WR’ 5To^: (^?:)
5J.
2tot wr:t 5T. 1 I WTRT 1 wth:ft.
•
WTH^ qqfa:
3. JNfaT qqq+qi wrfq:
tot q^-qf to:7. wttm wt*t:
<4'3^ fsrci 5% tdu^rat wi I ‘p<ft’
<3^% n
2Note the difference between given undet
the 36th $r®^. (Page 34) and\
3f®f SITO 5T53T;
q. *i%r: W^t: #IW3. irntm
I'fcKl'd: 5J^: (Road)
5T. 3?4TJ T»TRT <f*th:
s sr. 1 'FSTi: ?: <pWif>
15. 3^TI^ 3-'4RI q^r:
3'4T qfirwtf «rmwq. wqf qfrwr:
«T. T4: qf^qf qf«r*T:
T.4
<WJ WT: 3*1113;
H. 3T4 q^t: 3T%
(Elephant)
*• wl wi:* sr. I^ I TOT | to:
qflSnfat: srs^T: f^inq, fwu^n —gjf^oft, gfojsfl
II
ft.ssfotr
3 .$ftRt
$ftRi $ftRr
«T. WT: **rt «Rr:
«r.^Roft:
H- *Rt: 3*3
* 51%^, iPJcR:
5?^,. sl+Ki'rf: jftf : ‘ft?r 5K: (People)
5T. *ft^ ft* ft®:
*ft* *ft* tft®:
ft. ft!®^ ft* ft®:
ftsri ft^Ri ftsft:
ft3r ft^RT ftfR:
<T- ft®: ft^RT ft^R:
«T. ft!®: ft*: ftsiP^
H- ftft ft*: ftss
The ending of root-nouns is changed to ^ or ^ r
or fa^etc. But the ^ or ^ and is changed
to 3 or ^i.e., or f^r ; or sn ; ^ or *2*t n
|5RI WWl 5T^T:
ti'3 . 5T35RHT: 3&S-:1cTTSSP 5f5?: (Such like)
JT. *<TT^ <TT^ rTT^n
5 5t. | tflv<u \ cnr^r;
ii xrzm%
dlW) dl^Al*
5. cTT^iT ^TT«-trf
arcwrr
q- m^?r: tnt^i
»r. <n^2 rrrwT: dl^il*(
*r. tfisfa
W t?? 5 ,^T?3T
,<RRT?5I
snjrR: ii
»<i. TORI: 3%: <f|5 > 5P?: (Enemy)
ST. ft* ft* Hr.
5T. t fist %fsst
ft. n^n
5- %T fef^TT
ft* fl^Tt fs^r:
* feprf * 5n?5r% ’ 53H?t^r ^'nfa i ^ sn^r
gfojr 4rTt^cir:
’ srftr sgwr^ i 3 fera*
4cTTTsrT, t^n ’
^nfSi n
V*
«T. feq:fs^r
% fs»n fs5t: T^qi^
s. m tCTt: fs^§
Wfm: «®C: (*«0
sr. t*T: qwr i\Wi
* 5T. I \ %mi
ft
=3. T43 ^qf«T. tw: Wt^rr %^r:
q. tw:tqra %«rcg
q^ra-.
*A°.
•
^'tiKFcf: 3^'W' ‘STO' 5I«?: (Superior)
U- %*m\ %mrj
^ SI. %WH \ wmt* «pra?rf*i!: 5t^t: ffcrai ‘ &ret
’
*T^t II
3% TO°r wzj-.
ft wm\ ^TTST ?fcrei
% ^frei ^rtm:=3. ^rtref
<r. %mi ^nref ^T^Tl
3.
*T. 5>T% wmtt
^
H?- *TsfiRFT: 3%: ‘> 5^; (Scholar)
9. *rait( rarer ftsre:
5T. 1 m^ 1 ftsrer 1 ftsre:
ft. mm • «^|
rareT ft^r:
3- ftl*n ra^re m&ft#
<T. %?: ra^re fts^r:
f. ft# ftpHH. ft# ft#: mm.
53 sfag, sftfare, d^iw sppq:
* 3TR t5TO?cTT JT^fcT I q*T[
—
«3#> %s#f ere^t, rer^ u
S2
wm*-. 3% ‘ iv (Man)
R. S*P* AfRTHi
•k #
&V t SRtrt t JRIHt
ft. SHf^ $m\
3- W 3*tf #K
% $ S*RT 3*«
R. w jwrt 3**
R. w>S. w ^t: 35
*A^. G*RRRI: 3%: ‘^ ’ 51®?: (Arm)
R. & i^RT ^Rt
i R. 1^ I^rj
ft.<|R»
$• ^tRT ^tfvr:
% «*R.
R- ^R: StRt:
3. dRt: ^*3
51^1 * ^jfsf: * fe|» 5K: (One who lichs)
V. B^$ 5T, ift? 1 b|t I Bf:
ft. b^. fcft
ftfi B#:% ftl %^T.‘
<T. ft|: f$^r:
*?» ft$ bsi^
Bt| &3S
«p^ H^P?:*\ -s
II ^«ri |i|yf II
m^i #fof yt&m
'JfcKFdl I
%qf Wf I ^« §$RRTT *
*Va« 4'feKFtl: (Speeoh)
1(Pa«e 8i)
^ W SPJW:
8*
mm: (Gar,and>
gRsf1 ’ (Page 31
)
*v», ?mm: ‘ ’ to (River)
gRsf ‘ (Page 33) 51^3,
<23 cR^,
v. mm: #fcf: S3*: (Autumn season)
gfof ‘ip.’ (Page 35) 5I5^
^ 3tT^, II
< S^ , .5P^: (Hunger)
*t. w-
S 5T. ls>n
ft S^L S^n ffl
3- ifto
flH*
»?. 1CT S*«*
3- ffa
3.
^3* ,«R* ^T sp®W: 1 3§%sft vm
‘ fPlT: U
WT 3=^T:
5,0. (Boundary)
<i% lim! (Page 36)
5.? H*KR: ^ 5To^: (Water)
(fe®[ Always Plural)
3IFT:, 1 m:, 3TC:, ^:, 3g3|: t*
vt. ^ (Direction)
51-
. ST iwi t $$$fk-
$•
^r-
«T- $f*r:
7. W*S. ^Pt sFfFTf.*
The words etc. formed by the addition
of *ft( do not take the feminine termination $ though they%
end in 3. These words are however optionally declined
like feminine words ending in sn;
i*o,* fffar* tflfl!., etc.
Sd 3r«^swH
z\.X^- J ‘fa? ^ (Speech)
5T.PPT fan
ss- t pm I fan
R. pm^ pm• A
pm
q. fan fafa:A
'C.
q. fa* nW fasq:
«T. fan *ttrt fafar:
q. fan PKtJ fan?a
a. m PRt: %
%V. qqiRFS: ‘fa? ^ :(Heaven)
q. . *mi fan fan
S q. 1 mi t fan 1%:
& fan fan
3. R^T s**t SfiB
=q. » l^T n*n
q. fan <* f*q:
q. fan fan: fan?
fafa fan: IS
Note the other mode of declension—-22nd
SNROT 51^1: 8^
$*.. TORi: <3%:* <$$> ^s*.(Nighfc)
jf®f1
R5I ’ (Page 40)
'P TO:
5RBRT^: ‘ ^ (Direction)
3% ‘31^’ (Page 41)5^
V». : *mX (Rainy Season)
3&f1
fl^ )
(PaS0 41)
*P fa* TO:
5.<^. •M'fiKRT:% ‘ to;’'
5T=^: (Light)
sr. w. tot mi^r sr. \w. t tot t to:ft mx TOf TO:3. WF tot TO:
towt tot:T. to; mm to:*r. mi mt: TOWs. *n% m\i
_ ^
** erf^ 3) if ' fan ’ *s$sft1 WRIS^ 11
^0 ;
6^. SffiFI: :
4 TOW,’ TO (Blessing)
jr strcft: TORt rtRr:*1
4 51. fcsurcfo•
| snrerft | TOR:
ft. 3U&W snfcRt rtrr:
?. tori TOt^JT 8(wRl
% TOft Rreftro TOt**r:
q, 3n^n: 3tT5IftRT aircft*?:
»t. TOR: anf^Rt: rtIsri^
3. SifTClft TORt:
vso. 3: TO (Shoe)
U. TOR ^WRv 3’TRf*
^ st. |tor | TOR:
vssi«r) 3^IR|5
ij. TORI OTRlFlt TOife
^t.totk*»
q. $sR£* vJMk’^MT vwwss:
<1. viMi*R: visIH^I* *WW£H^
tf. ssRft TORt: 'ShH^
li 5PR0I^ II
:‘
(E1o?uent )
IT.
t?£TFK
ft.
fPT1 3<5^’
$uik
3^RFcf: ^R#f: ‘W-fg 515?: (Blood)
IT. ST^F ST^ft ST^IMC
#. IT. |3T^ I 3T^jfT | 3T#^T
ft. *3* 3T^fT SRjftjf
sft ‘ qte » 33^
«V 3^RRT: (World)%
IT. ^Id,
tf. IT. ^ 3HT^ 1 3FRft
ft. sT^Fft mikffa
< 1T^ ,
*JT^i,, 4id=j^, 5R^., 3>foTc^ r
11^, II
* nc^^i:, ?3^n:, CTf?-cmr?-^f^-wf* ft*nrr ;
^re^cTT:, (i. e. of 5th, 7th, 8th and 9th coQjugations ;j
er^T^t ^KW^Rld^TJwft fa^ror: SUFai:, fPL, Tm H^fTiT:
trjj %=n: II
VSU. TORI:<^ *
5T5?: (Giving)
Sf.33Tcf-
tf. IT. 1 Vfa
ft.3^rft 5i^r- ^fni
SHR, -'toldd, ,51WI., ^PJ^R: II
'S'A. TORI:1^ * 513?:
(Giving Pam)
3j. 5^C 3^" 3#>^Jt.
ft ^ 3#’ 3#*
^ ‘ 51°^2q^ 2^, 5^, *TR, *$“0
,I'
**. TORI: d!PR#f: * 5K: (Cooking)
3. 'Hd, T^ff
$. sr. | TRnft | M'-dPd
ft.
•
Tf^rfT
^ ‘ IRj^* 51®^1 aTWT^mrjwi: (gitcirif^V’J: JT^I'OV^^) (WW: WRITS
« 5ng^’ snjgjisr ^ SB«n: n
* 3RT^ 8WRP%wr« f3|®WT: 5I5RH:
(Present Participles) 5$ ft*rvn OTI3 (Future participles)
arf^ 11
SWT ws^T: M
'S'S. d^Kint: ‘^’ Sis?: 'Great)\
% ^ %fl +if£lP^
Jf. ^ \imfci
^TR5ft 3^
. ^jRRl ‘^ ,51*?: (Heart)
sr. p: ffc
1 *. is* |
% sa’ Sl®^
SWTCRT: 5T®?: (Name)
5T- *TR »Uifl-»Utf4i) «n*flPi
^sf* t srra^-t »nKj | Hiyt—^ t •rrorf'i
hih h i^Ti ^mfk
fft‘
^ STR^, W,, II
tj:rrf?-f5^rf?-f^-wj-5nTfi3fq| ^r^'.Ti: Ttirft^r; a
TO*®*ik
6°. WFa: ‘ 5*3 ’ 51*5: (Action)
% «$ 5*#
#. s. t *i f 5*# 1 wfa
ft. 5*# $nfo[
• WJR,T^q:
*\ . TOF3: iQWftf; TO- (Day)
ST. 3^: ST#- aapft, srcift
3^: 1 si#- 1 3^#, K siHR
ft- 3^: 3T#~ 3t$#r 3Rlft
3- 3^r 3## 3{?#Tr
311 3#^n 3#*T:
<T. 3^: 3t^rf 3T^tr:
311: 3T#: '*mfl. 3(j§“3l^[) 3(§|! wm<£R. *i3>KW: #f: * 5T^R( ? 3I®5: (Meritorious)
% 3ft 3ft# 3#ft
# *. 1 V$*&b *1 3ft t Sft^ 1 3#ftft. 5ft 3ft# 3#ft
^ 3^1 spp?:
OTRW 5I^r: ^‘STV (Water)
5f. TO =nrr *tm
5 . *r. 1 to t srft I to*
ft. .to TO*
tr? ‘rev
<: 2 . C*RRi: sS-^K-"
$. Vi.
fu-
>*f» r»
'<>
oT^i,
f:‘ ?RS^» SR: (Of that kind)
mm\ mmi | <n^r
wzft mmffa 3^
W *P* :
WR: ԤT&T *K: (Very Matrons)
Jf. #!£
tf. 9.
fg;. §RR( §M(SRpft
^Crrq
mtr*:1^ ^;
(Mind)
IT. W: mmIT. | TO i n?wt I tom
ft vt’ TOffa
?T^u 'k M31S, SP£R:
$f2W, spiral: fq*RU 3ffa #Ff 11
^RT^: ‘ ffH ’ 5T^ :(Oblation)
If.
rs c
ST'TTT #fra
If-
•k rs
^m-r> f\
% U'TTt i #rc
ft
3.
m- ff#r <~^£y
^TPT
^FPTIc
% #*ST 5TS^TTA
<T. imi fft# WJS- #T! fmt: ktns;
fl. wm ^FS
<£T *T%, *%£% spjcR:
<£<£. 'Ef'ftKI'3:‘ ^’- (Body)
S$ S#& IT. is$ is#
\ • C\
ssi;rc
ft S$ s# sift
S'Stf 5[c^T;
3- 33^ *8#=3.
3. ^T: wjwn ^T:«f. ^3*
ff. 3# ^3*3
W «*3$ , W:5F?:
(That which has stood)
JJ. <PffrfS - •fN_
fltwTTRT
S- 3T. 1 f <Fffr
ft.
‘ %T >| g£j^ ?
OTf^ET,R^: II
v« fE^RRi: *
3[#^f (Lotus)
5f....
,
*\ r\
3TRTOT 31##4 ST. t 3## 1 sp^rt#
•ft.r.-n, ,-%- f\V*w?5 31##
i?
II # *TgSR#|: M^l^ II
II# ^^1 H«W^ II
ll # sniffs fcmi ll
3^f (Pronouns)
There are 35 Pronouns which are classified uoder
the following 6 kinds :~
1. Personal— (I), (You), ^(Your Honour),
^ (One’s own)
2. Relative—Jf? (who), S<W, SeW—^ tJcTCIS.
3. Interrogative—fapi (who)
4. Demonstrative—^ (All), fqg (All), ^ (another),
(either of two), tjcTC (Other), (Other),
tf (Other), (Half),su*r (All), Rw '(All), cT^ (That)
tRI\(Tbis), 3^ (That), (That), (This)
1. There is no vocative case for Personal Pronouns,
2. There is another word 3FW«T which is not a
Pronoun. It is declined like
3. *PT when it rccanss ‘AH’ is a Pronoun. But mwbeD it means ‘Equal’ is not a Pronoun and is declined
like wrers*.
4. ^3°t? 3T$nta;—
313^3 fefjE 'TTt% II
^ is used when a person or thing is near at.
hand,
5 .Numeral— 1^ (one), fj (Two), 3*r (Both),
3*3 (Both).
6 . Directional—^ (Eastern), if* (Other), 3R»;
(Western), qfjjvr (Southern), 3^ (Northern), (Other);,
ep*< (Inferior), (Outer)
gvri and 3cl* are 5. s<3vts which cat be affixed tc
and <r$. Ex. (who 01 which, of two),
(who, or which of many) 3cR (who or which of two) Jfci*!
(who or which of many) 33* (That one of two) 3cT«
(That one of many)
is used when a person or thing is nearer Still
artj^is used when a person or thing is at a distance.,
is used when a person os thing is abeent.
$gas(i
1
^r*t 5S,T1
mw\ ^ \\
1 . The various meanings of tr$ are:
—
one, 6R*r little, smR chief-eminent, sp?* foremost,.
%^?s sole-only, greKm common, ww same, wt The-
number one-
VSRil^rct: jftf: ‘TO TO (AH)
sr.
?m m rr
& sr. l miN ~r
TOR
ft. TO m RRTR;
3- xm TO*RT to
TORf tor:
T, toto to*rt TOR:
r. TO TO?t: toti^
s. TOit: TOt^f ftij, ScR-SdRMtfWI'R, RRkW, 3RR, 3RR<R,
^K, sR, ^R, SR 3l«\(:
<U. 3TFRRR: : ‘TO TO (AH)
JT. m m rrt:
t IT-
•v **
i^r•s. '*'*
5 RR•\ 0
5 rrt:f\
ft. TO RRa
rrt:r\
$ tot rrtto mmtor RRT*RT m*v
<T.;rrto RRFRT TOr:
*? TORT! to?*: rrtrt^
*r. RRRt: TOR^ ‘ft9P SPJRR:
5[^[: $
. aRSRIR?:A
.^33#^: *g|* (All)
i?.
i 5?.
^ c
1 l m | R#Tft mq m *R#f
^ m 5T^T:| 3
(Vocative Singular) ^ S'TlIw II
3». 3T*fiKRT: 3%: ‘3<§> 51^: (Eastern)
JT. 3^ 3^r-35t;
R. % t ^ t3j?f f *HWf\
IS-
S- 3^3O A
3jn*rf #*T. 3?T*Vr
A3^tt
«T.
0
33^ 3^*t:
3. 3^r 3^t: i$W{
R- 34faRH^ 3F*fr ^3'
3^ wrfa ‘
'R 5 s^cR:
3^; ‘3^’ ^tp ‘‘RP %Wl-
’A. 3R3RF3: : ‘ ^ (Eastern)
ST-'l?
S' 5T-
ft
jpSJ
*S 'J'TTM
3R5RF3-.‘ 3S 9 5T^: f^ ff^THT: (Both)
Q,\9.*fliqp3 W *#
fl. 3ST 3% 3%
S-3- f 3*n 1 3*r | 3%
ft 3ST 3^ 3%£
c[- 3ST*TT 3ST*ST 3st**ttA
% 3ST*trT 3ST*St 3ST*3T
s. 3ST*Tt3SRST
«T. 3SSfc 3W, 3*wt:
S- 3SSt‘* 3SStT 3*wfc
*
* gfa-S^ '»ton* - snfoif ; sl% - :v£&S&k i
\oo. 3fl$RFrT: gf^: *‘3*pp
TO %PR5T5?: (Both)
IT. ^TT:
% JT. Isvpr:
ft. svpn^
3- 3^:% 3*FT& 3#r:% svpfcq:
%
3*T%
OfHi 3 'irfei ii
? oR ^'t-Kl'd:*Ijspf t
WT[-#^-f^rkl^ fcqfog1
TO >
|
tft 3^1 ft^R |
* The word <r«r? (in all genders) is not used in dual
l|
*8
^0 3 . «,wU^: S^f :
( 3V (He, that;
%*ST *
ft<KS
st r<di+^i s:
*3. <F& stasis; s*s:
sr+si S*S*‘^•s 4
7- <H=*T sst: STT
sst: S3
^ ‘ S^5T®^:
\ °S. <+KM: «< SS J 51°^: (She, that)
IT. ST % ^fi:rs
15. % st:
5 SST aiwrt siftt
s?*tt sr*s:
STJST! dl+MT sr*s:
*. ^tt: <PTtJ STHT^
S. ^*TT*3[ rn: STg**$ ‘ 9^’ 3T5?:
5* °*A. ^Kl'd: <g^>(That)
51. * srft
% sift
ffcS^I 5K: 1
1°%,. ^RRl: 5%: ‘’ 3T5?: (This)
%ft-
<(.
% *3^Tr^Tt n^r:
>T
.
*r- »srct:,
513?: (This)
5T.
ft.
3- n^PTf-^jpTT mf*v% ^TTRt
T-
<T- Wi:
* The optional forms of and viz,
<$«T etc., are to be used when there is i.e., whentheir proper forms have already been used in a previousclause
; tr^r sTOWJTvftcTq; (He has studied Grammar), tr#
(Teach him (prosody) etc. ar«n^*r meansthe subsequent mention of a thing a'ready mentioned.
$°<£. ^KW: (This)
sr. TOI, TORfi:. TOR-TOR
\ °^. 535RRT: gfcjf: ‘ ^ (Who)
ST- *t:
*TT *
ftis
*n MR?R ’TTTO . T.
TOTT TO:
«T- ^*TT^ *TTTO
TO ^trTT- TOR TOt: *1
^ ^TcWc^^T®^
^PTCR :
‘’ 5TR: (Who)*
ST.' ^ *tt:
ft. *TR *‘
*n:
$• TO TOTT Tift:
TO TOTT tot:
<T. TOIt TOTT tot:
*FRFT y^.l:
<T.WTT:
s. w: *ng
^'PRFcf:1
5T^: (Who)
JT. ?TTH
rs
T5. 3»v
w* 3^1 *ra^f«ra*^5T3?T
\ 3.WF3: ‘ W (You)
3.
ft.
?*pn
gqw-«r:
7. pt*rf
7. 3**TPR-sn
a. i**ns
‘The two Sabdas 3Tcrc?T, and tppni. become e^RRr
in Nominative, Vocative and Accusative Singulars.
•The optional shorter forms ofgsr^ and ar^viz.,
<ti, f:, % and m, art, are never used at the begining
of a sentence or of a foot (qr^) of a nor can they be
used immediately before particles =tr, 5, 51, ^ and ^ u
m . W3: ‘3T^’ 515?: % fef3 WPIW: (I)
Sf. as* 3TTCT*
ft m*-aT, 3TWT5;«l{
3 .JRI s^ritoi
3RW-^J
*T. a* 3ISR*
«T.aFrcfc-srt stchpe-*:
S. JTf? asms
^S. Ri^RR: 3%: * 1 T^’ 5K: (Who?)
51. $5Jfc
%
ft ** ?5T
3.
'M+H1*
<T. 'hlHI
<1. Im*+R:H* ^rt: %s
^ 3kPT 51®^
* Indefinite pronouns are formed by the addition of
or arfq-
to the various cases of this word in all
the genders e.g.
tffopT 51^1 :
S> S*^. t'bKW: ^1%^: 4
««[: (Who?)
ST. $T % *r:
ft. $1^ % ^t:
3. to 3TOT 9TO% <troi tot:
«T. tot: TOTT tot:
*. tot: wt:Ml
TOT^
*r. TOm; to: TO^
5^: (What?)
ST.
ft. ft*.
* JSlft
^ 3^ I ^r ,3«wt. $i«jj
\\*. H+KR: 5K: (This)
5T,
ft. J
$. TOTT TO% TOlt TO<T.
3TOT TO**
7. TO 3i^t:-TOt:, TO3^
TT. arf^; TOTT:TOTt:> ^2
The r. srs^TS ^cRct. and i«w^. become creiCRT in
Nominative Vocative and Accusative Singulars,
wt- wra: ^ :(This)
9. & ^n:
ft. *r:-srt:
* sr*th?r% mw 3rrm:
awwtf 3TR-q:
*T. 3^?i: srrfqf
*?. mw: sr^hr^T:,
3KW{ wfr-iRqt:, mWRT: 5K; (This)
3T. $^
SRRft.
%* 3^^HIR-tRlft
3%: 4 3^ * 5T5?: (This)
5?.
A *S 3T#
15. *S.* spprr snftft:
3I^rf 3nft»K
%km 5T5TI: ‘3J>
*T. 3T5^ 3PpT mmi*r.
sri^T snfanit
a. 3Ti^t: mt%
$>^5> . ^T^RRT: * 31?^ > TO (She)
51. mi 3P£r\
15. ** 3P£
3. zi&n STfRT spjft:
3*pT sppri sifRt
«T- spprr st^t:
«T- 3Ti^n: snrrt: 3T^•S. 3^:
WR: ‘SR'S’ 5135: (That)
3R[; *1 3HJ&
fe. sr;:.
5R5RRI: 3%: (Other)
5f, rid I ^T3J
i^ (Other)
cl^I^R: sj^R5%: (other)
W 3%: * * 5r^: (Thee)’
*• WF$\ Wtt'.
ft?‘
’ 515?^
515?: t^RR; (Thee)
ft? ‘^ >
^RR: (Thee)
** H^ft *raf<r
ft? ‘ 5TR’ 5J3^
II ^r toui^ ||
sm**? w sitimr: H 3 ; m
(Numerals)
sf^RFd:* ‘^ —ffc&frWFd :(One)
W. jra W %TF*
ST. ^5T
&3. WT=3. *?3R*t
7.
7. W 73R3T: «J3R3
fl. ^R*R[
m f|^f-^r^ ^ ^T: [
crt 3Rq ‘ m$\ n
^RFd: ‘fe’ 5T^:—^ |lWa: (Two)
W. # n°. ill* ^ST. Ir
•s.
5
ft 5T*v
5
* t^sB when means ' one ’ is declined only in the
Singular; but in other senses it is declined in the Dun!
and Plural also.
3. 3Frf
T. 5F»rf
7 .
w m m. w_#ms:
ms:
mm*f^r:
m*Rm:
mfoT
fftP«r
mm:
$TS^ ;van
q. ^4 : ^>'q:I
q^^q*A
q.A
q^TT^A
q. ^5 q^5‘qg^’ q^q: qqa^q’ q^RlT: 5I®^T:
;have
same declension in all Genders and in Plural only.
W.q^qRT:) ?«° .qqq faro)
5f. <T2T % qn'
ft.q-2? % qq
<[• qssmi qsft: qqfq:
q. q^q; qq*q:
'T- qsm: q^*q: qq*q:
q. qs^Riq; q^ qqiqi^
*• qsrg qq§
<»*•,qqJRHT: ‘ST^’ 51®?: (Eight)—3ftq ftfqqW
WW OsTC'TRP^) f5#T^ (<{HHH0
q. 32 silr
ft- '<m
3. qqfq: ssriq:
q. qq^q? srei*q:
q. s^q: qqpq:
*r.
31213
* ‘33^ spp% ‘sRcRF^’ <T^ir: 5I^T: ‘HH'i) |}
—Numerals 20 and above
Pforft:, feld,, ^fr-llR^, W^iHiTd,, qfE:, FHf3:r
^llfd:, q^fcl: ^ #{^5|T: I fsRR,, -'WlR^, T^TSR;
^ fl^RTFTT:, 3F^ faTOFfi: f^fa: I 'T^ff
ft^n R%T: fqflwrar r i Rw^rrS&ft I 2?3TT
—
6
Rsrft: fJTTCT:’ 1
RiiMd^l R4l^f 3 siR FT: I q^T ^q'bl'Jfi
\ f%ft, ‘iFfT %: foRq : ’ |51tR I 3^ ^bRRHT ‘qft>
515^,3w<nqr ‘ fR<; » =* m$\ sssqrft n
5TcT Ff[3-3T53-53J-5153 3T=^T: 3f^Ri<3-
pRFSreffll^: I #TRft fifftTOl sfift
qqi—
‘ 3RT 5ht:» ‘«fs fm: J sriRi
Rtraqi wf 3 fg^R-q^q^ ®rft w., q?rr—‘w
1 51^,’ ‘ wwi qtRr Fq^Rt ’—irtR 11
S^iRTR: ‘qjffi’ ST5? : -^q^'-HdF^:(How many)
Same in all Genders
w*m> $Rr> ?$m, $Rr*t: $Rft: ^fRrnj;
n ffe mm^ji 11
* Refer to pages 79 and 80.
5I^T: V3V5
(Ordinals)
^Rl'd: ‘ i (First)
5T. 5jsm: wm sp^-srspw
4 n. 1 5im | smi 1 5ro%-| 5wn:
H3 ^q-^^-^qq-^-fgqq-qq-fqcR ^Eqsppq: II
*»». STWRRT: sftfsf: *
5[W
» 51^: (First)
5T. WWl SflPt JTWJ
SStlft ‘ vn * 515^ I ^ ‘
=^jti » 3na;qisfq n
‘5f%UT’ (First)
51. 5WIP* 5^fSIlfe
‘’ 35^ |
‘^ * Icqi^qfsc^q ||
s^RT: 3%: ‘R^fa’ 5K: (Second)
5T. R^ta: fetor fetotf
4 5?. 1 fstftav rv r\ ^I fetor 1 fetoi:
ft. fefrft fetoig
I. fl^TA
R^TT^Tf feto:
3. fedlW lidl^Ml*
334
’ 5153;:
\S'S. 3TT3iKHr: ^f^p: < f^dNl ’ 5T®3: (Second)
*m 1l
:^-^2infr-'#-^H%-
fs^wr - fjcffapr ; fs^ftqwr; - fetbrmi:
;
Mwn: - fl^TFn:, - KdV-u^i^-sft
^ f%: I*& g^fkRF^ n
SHKW: 1
fjdl'3 1 5T^: (Second)
_ a, _ r aa r fv .r.A-
R. IsdH^ 1351 1 3 15,dNrM
in %f | ftdtnrfta. r_ f\-TrT n rA a aIS- TS3t^ |33M wlrTfH
5TC 33^. I 33‘
’ 5103;: ||
1
=^[-'T^‘TI^: 5T^I: irsfi—3%
%3t ‘ 33t ’ 515333^; pjfc ‘ 3*5 > 5T^3^ 3E53I: ||
and (in all genders) are optionally
declined like in the Dative. Ablative, Gentilive andLocative Singulars < Refer to page 79.
TORTT: W ^ ^ami ^5^^: ^fm 1Z&%—
^*EI3fl: (Cardinals) (Ordinals)
Mas. Fem. Neuter. Mas. Fern- Neuter.
Io;3v. >^T
R It S
^ 33: fg^:
^ q^
V3 HH
<: ere, sret
•5,
^°
*WI:
52 m
^foi3 ^
qsn:
TO:
SflH:
ere1!:
q«RT q«m^
ftrfal HtffeP*
=33^3^1 3*M3^ 3^
q^ft q^rei,
TO* qw.
^rarei;
ereft stot^
Jppft
^Wt 35PF(
^TTO:
3[5TH:
and ^ are irregulary formed ;HM ,
**»
^ they are formed by dropping the fin a *
=E(cIK: ^3: -t^flR4^
»
l&
1 2 3 4—Refer to pagesA» > >
73 and 74.
<UW«n:(Ordinals)
VI
(Cardinals'I
f^nrR(w
9?1 •
SO^T: SEKSP^%
?3 ; 3%3ST: 3%sSft
r*
q^5T trarsRT: w?et
'TT?5ft ^ISSPi,
WRRT:
i
3HR5T: STERSft
Q^rR^T: q^rcR^t «?^rR^tv
^I^R^tR: :
i
[g^RsrR:
Rm3
3rR5T: 3RR3ft 3RRrei^
R^T:
R^RRW:
R#R^rRcwt
isrc;
R^lRcifR,
H.+R#: q-.'^R^r^
1. The ordinals from to are foimed
by dropping the final ^ i. e •etc *
2. The 9th compound numeral *
v19 t 29,39, etc. may
also fre- made up by prefixing
4
or gj5f=less by one to the higher.
3. See foot-notes on Page 81.
flfSIRrs^T:^ •
?T|p€}2EiT53T: (Ordinals)
(Cardinals) fenrru. OT*j*rf^5r: g?M
3 3
sreiRsi: snnftsft
*The ordinals from fsstRT and above have two
forms;
The first form is by adding fl,? invariably ; e.g.,
Mro*r, farcw, *ftew* etc.
The second form is :
—
(a) By dropping % of group and forming its
Compounds e.g., fNr, etc.
(b) By dropping of fiptRt., and
groups}
and <rera\
(c) By changing the final % to 3T of tr^fg upto
stfsrafct: e.g., tpare, etc.
Note that the following 4 cardinals sfe, *THfcT, 3T?ft%
and have only the first form, e.g., 'TferW, tJHfeW,
arcfifrRW and rnrf^TJT ll
* In the compounds of t^-ijui»<is (12, : 22, 23,24 etc),
ffc, ft and 3mi, are changed to S3, *TT: and 3m necessarily
before fferRt and ft^ra. and optionally before
«t«rpi, <*fs, and rrafer. Before sreffft they
remain unchanged.
S—
6
SpRIs^r:
{Cardinals)
f^SR
\\ >R#3R
3.R S'^R,
^Rfii^R
3* ^RR.3*A Pf^RR
3$ reta.
3^
\t «rejf&R
«? ^^tRsrgRRifoR
GhmiI&rv\ ^SRfrfRR
ferifaR
*»
^ '^RlfoR*3.
S'® STOlfRR
STRJRR^
af^RIRT: (Ordinals)
w?J>T:% "ftfeR
Rt3T: m feR'S^f’TCT:
51^51: grftsR
5Rf%?T: ^Rer^5%5T: RgfirR<TSjf%: «rafNi 'T^fera
'Rf^ST:
\
'RftsR
*Rf^3T: safer) SHfeR^ffeft 3TElfeR
Rf^ST: s^feft ^fewRRrfRT RRifM
w
SRifom
• " «. vu ^
Si^nffcft gj^rf^^1%: fiRRTfoft t^Rlf{^^^Rlf-RT: 5fl}*JRrfRft TOqsnRgq
R^RlR# f^Rjf&R
WRlf^ft WSTlft^q^ifaft T^ifera;*krtriM aa^f&RSH^ijfRT:
»
rJ I #
;
$?<?, 7'T7<7ltol, TT^TlfeT: 77=7*7Tf:
(:<Tl 3773*3
•Ao TSTRR, 75!RT: 731$ 73T5T7;
"v5> Q^T^RIT, 73>7*:.
77>731$
3T7* gT73l$ gT73RI3;
Ht^rr f^q^iRT: f|73Rft fg33Rt7;
*A^ 77:7^RT3, 77:73RT: 33:73$ 33:73RT3,
ftT^RI^ f773RT: f$3Rft T373RT7,
W =73:7*1. =73:7*: • =73731$ =73:7*^
«a»a Twraro^ 7373RT: 7373RTt q373RT3;
'AS, 7Z7*IX7273RT:
•s
7273Rlt 3273rr;
<A^ 7TORT3 377*: 3373Rjt TOTRTT,
'a^ 3*27*3 3TH7*: 3*273Rft 3T5q3RT3.
STERgRI^ 3T2T7*: 3T2[33f$ smiT^Rr^
A 1
?, 777*3. 773*1: 3773RTI 77731:73,
S® 7T2:
\\ tr-wfe
S.< gJ'Tfe:
%fS:
7fe?7:
7^72:
£T7S:
m-M-.
7fcf$
l.'Wfil
gJTSt
tTEt
33:3$•
7f$W3,
7+7S7;
5I7H3,
tv
tig-’JisKi
:
(Cardinals) jfe
5.5?
V*l q^#: qgq?:
5.5. ICTfl: q^qH:%
^vs SHqrt;
$.t are^rfs: arsq?:
3TSTTf%: ®rsiqs:
5 1
?. wfe: •RiMK:
^HfddH:
^RRRT:
zmft: £W9d:
f&*lHd:
^ mmlb qq:^Hd:
%TCRJ:
'*V ^3:^:^'A q^RTft: qg^cl:
^>5. wmSi: q?*RRRm
** mmfo:•
SRRRRT:
*t 3TS^: s^ERRI:
3TSraHl^: ®rewaci:
•T'l^dd:
3Rftf<RW:
t\ q.qsi*ft(d: ^l^fld:
S|fSPRr®3T: (Ordinals)
ferqn^ fiffr
^•.q^»*
q^qqt q^qs^qzqs) qzroj;
tfflqgt ^yq^3Tsq^ areqi^
3T5iq^t 3THrq^
qqq^t qqqpj;
^Hfcidn)
westSl’Hddt §mqq;
ftflfldq;
fq^RRft
•
tacra;
q^s^Rft q^qqqqq;
qzssRft q^Rrqq;
*RRRRft snsi-Rra;
3T5*RRft
3TERRRra;
qq^dt qq^crq;
^ftlddH^
q^iRfare
gfqr-S|%T
(Ordinals)
(Cardinals) mSRIl#: sRTfa:
s^RlRR,
=WM<^ ^RTtfcl: 'rannfa: 'mrarat
^fld:
<^ TORTtfr: HHl^d: ^^reitera.
£t RSRltfd: STgRTtcf: 3TSRM1 ®jewM<£3, *RRTtfd: •RRTkR(
'T=d%crR': JRfdcRt
'S'FRfd: «cw#fFRRT: glldldl ^rrr;f&d'ld: fg*Rcf^
^'f'ldl 5RR^R,fcrcft: f^R^rcT: f^R^t
'dsjd'ld: Rg'krft •d^dld^
^ 'TWRfc: H^Nd: SWRcft Wddd,
V® m^-. 0TO: ^RR^ft
%£ ®rg^: ^SH'td: ^Sd^d) 3n?Rd^’3tSHe
l Id
:
RER^RI: 3fS|d=ldl 3TER'RR(
*>% *icHd(d: *H*FRT: M'H'ldl
S|p*wi«3T: (Ordinals)
(Cardinals) •
J>0 O SETcTC: ^icraql 5TclrPT^
^0 o o -Fif^raq:
^o o 0 o ^ndnl
^ooooo W;^T; <3^: 55^41
^oooooo
o O 0 0 O 0 0
The ordinals from 5TcT and above are formed only0
by adoiDg an e.g siaatr, ssfecW etc.
The other cardinals above sRtfe are ;—
6i5^}
9T«3r, 3T^5T, Ji'^r and qn«r
!
Each of these is ten times as great as the preceding,
Refer to the following slokas :
—
^-^51-513 ^^ IHgci'+I : WST: I
V|«l|q|: ?3TRHT IkIT: ljf: II
H II
m Tom ws fam:
3f3Rf ir^W iPRip^
tn. 3%: ‘^n$ »^-.
(Descendant of f^If)
If.
£ it- t
ft- $pnqi v&mu^-tH fg^PiT: ‘W $5?^,
‘
3^ ’
tV. 3PSKR: 3%: * fiftV TO (God)
ff. If.
fi
i-
V <N rJ^ N V *N r_
$ R^flJ ) | ROT5 R^HT ) % M^FKR
R3TT ) FfrKR[
RTOT i R^s:r\ ^
' . f\
RSTCfWfT R^T:
*t.
fos^FT {
)
f^r^ft ftsftwR
* The word optionally assume the forms of
before the vowel terminations.
— 45RTST <nfaR*5ft: 1
fM[W*T
mw>
foam
ROTT~ 0
<5? 3T5T{, f^5fj SPJcW:
\\{. <ns, W- *na
3IW?I?T MI?, ^1, *ne 3^HT T^, MIS
PIR3TT few *fe I ^ =? ?fe ‘§1^’ fe\‘)Tlfl ’ 515???, ?go*ir: II (See Sabdas 38, 84, 68)
\W. 3TOF3: 3%: ‘RW » SR?:
(The Protector of all)
q. ton:r\ ^TWIT kmi
t S. I kmuV r\
t km \ rw:ft Wl^ rv ^
TWITrs •
fenrs rv
I. TWTI R^TPRTT fwnro% km fq^qp-qf
7. kmi frsprnptf fasmwr.
q. km kmu fq?<RT^
*T. km wiki
#TTT, 5Ifan sppq: II
\W*U 3TI^R^: 3^5f-:i
fl|f1 (Name of a *P*t)
%^
flff! m fifn
$ sr. f flfl* %m t mi*
k lift TO*• fifim:
% TOrin- m inwt
flfTJ miH. w £ifi§
^BRR: 3%: ‘ WTfri ? 51®?:
(Descendant of 3pTR^)
R, 3?TfM Sl^FTTJ
$ 3. i srpft 1 3I^Hmfs
IS-^ \rs
sfeM vlf^taRt
1 5f# II
^’V8 . |^RF5: 3% 515?: (Wise)
5f.
rs -*i
§mT §fWIPTJ
V r\
I |#*T!
ft §TO §mr #*n3- #*n grftatf
Sf. #1 59W<r. §m: 5^hp?n
7. #PT: §mt:
a. pf §mt:
1%3S: ‘
ifr ’
m ‘ w? ii
f^RRT: 3^f: ‘fcfRV 5I3S[: (Commander)
5T. fowl5T. 1 forfr: % %*FT>
fj. sftf^
%ww*wtt frrretft:
s^nftwrf ^Rpftwn
7. for*?:
TRF’T! ^TFqrg•
sr. SRPTFJ) %IP7t: STCRhj
^ ^nqtrft spjcR;||
» t^RRT: < Spft >
f^: (One who deeply thinks)
&TR* 1
> |f?t ||
\\°> !jf®f: ‘IP^ 51^: (Very Intelligenc-
es 4t: q?q fft ffa* :)
sr. spft: sre^r:
JT. I sift |ir4 1fe. 5f^ 3t4 stwtj
5. 5TWT sraNt rorwST«T 5T#qf wtr:
«r. span: •jNW snftwn
«r. wmt JMtJ irfRTTj;
s. ST% ip&I
^q# 5T^fS'^q^q| %=j TRq
‘> sffi wk%i n
\\\' t*RRf: s%: ‘^npft ’ 5T3?:
(A swift antelope)
IT. 'TKnr#: ^ran»4i im*vsir. 1 imfti | STRUCT
£ ^TTSiPftqr transit «ilda»fR[
5. ^Rpnftorf irrarmfs:
=*. BESEEMDEESES<T. ^nmFqf7. ^raiFTJ ^RRFTtJ 3I3hHR(S. ^Wh*h)5 'TWmmTI
J : &Nf5?T: 1 {
\%o. fwR: *5T^IT
y 51^: (Very Intelligent)'
(RfST ^IT. mti sraft q*q:
l qft 1 J^n | qsq:
ft 5T^ q*f:
3. span qqn-’qf snftft:
=3. sn*r q#qf jpfoq:
q. jt^i: qqfrqf qqt^q:
q. q*n: qsqfc qqfafl*
q. q*TT^ snaft: qqrq
qg^qtft 5I^rsc^f|
gtq s^W#‘
II
\\\- WI^: 1%: ‘ ^nnfT* 515?:
(A swift antelope)
q. qiqqqt: qiqqrqT qiqqpq:
5T. ^ qiqqqh i qraspu | qiqq^q:
ft qiqqqiq; qr^qt qrasnfa
qmqrqi qiqqqt^t qiqqqtfqi
q. ^ESESIHKES5Bq. qiqsppq:
• qirfqq^qt qiqqq^q*
q. qrqqpq: qraq*qt: qiqqrqi^
q. qRfqqr qjqsFqfc qiqqqti
$ I
ft.
*. %-^J,tf. ^SR-^M,
5&teRT ^^qj ^t§»Tj
s0|wn
^fT:-^tft;, sftg?
W- 3^5RRT:(S
3%-: ‘fffig’ (Frog)
5r.
s.
^Rj:• 3TOTO
1V ° ^i ^TRT 1 ^fcr:
ft.r *,
3W3T3. ^n*n TOjwrf
'TITR ^Ri^rt tojwtj
7.
0^TPJwrf
*m*f:0#^
'TTR^t.*A .
^R^R[3T. cpn*qt:
3^, ^i^m-. ii
^TRJl
3T3RT 3&IF f^PRT^T; ^3'+<RRf: 3^: ;
^fVJ f 5[5^: (Vishnu)
5T. *T£?t wmS 5f- l^f: 1 sn#
%1 *Tpf
rs
If *tpt w$v.
W^t<T.
7. ^p: ^rp: ^pnj;
ff. ¥T# w&ti^ mi sPfTC: II
W- 3^RR: j&f:4
it w.5f. Hf iff
f n. \w tifi
ft. Ilf iff
3- Iff ipft
If n^7. lf! n*tf
<r. If: #s. s% S5»s
(Name of a rj^d)-
If
I If
Ilf.
IIWJ
ll*rc
Iff
in
3fd*cl
—:o:
—
mW'Z-. #%: ‘3RI ’ *51^: (Old age)
3T. m src-arcsT to-to?
& $. taft % SR-| TOT 1 to-| arcnrs
15- totot 5RR-TO
3. to*tt 3Rlft:
*T. <ttot 3RPRTJ
<r. srTOi TO*T:
<r. TOfc-roT:, TOOT-TOW
h. '*RPn’-3!T%» TOtJ^TOt; arc®
SR^01F(
t Vs- 3F?>rcH: :
‘ 3RH * 31^:
(Not subject to old age)
s. sn^-sR#
**»- as issis. aRft-ara#
*v •
—.0:—
See foot-note on page 87.
57 faSRT I < fifcpn > 5K5‘ ^Nrr * # ^ ^5% 1 w ^ i
l
^tT 3to^
^RF3; ‘m^P 5I«3[: (Eastern)
5f. *m UT2A m2?:
S 5f. | *N| 5fl4 i m2?:
ft 511^ m^:
3. JTT^T Tfl^’Tt »3TT% 3fmt mn-m:
srm MW+^i nm:?. 5?h: 5tnt: m^m;
7T.
‘ mH urct: m§
^ qflssj, m** ^m -11
* « snw[ ’5T?W: re 5T^I: <5ftfe*—sr"!, sRfW, 3^,
3?^ fcKsft 5% tWCRTT I 1st *3 SRcR^ ^qtf5?||
iftf:
4 ' 513^: (Western)
3. JR<ff mm qcq2f:
& sr- | StfqsST | mmft.
mm 3Rfta;
3. JK&^T skmj*4 q^rfjqj
*r. 5pft% q^qf q^Tr^Ti
'T. jrN: JFTWR
JEfta: s4%*r. R&fa sf?qi
^ SF|, ST*Jci2?: II
^v9o. ^46KI'S: 3^ ‘3^’ 51®q: (Northern)
5T- 32:4 3^25:
t S. 1 3s;4 1 3^:
ft. 3^ 32:4 3^RJ
33[Ht 32wrt 3^q:
qtq ‘ R^rq ’ 51^3,
#
w- q+KR: gftff:‘ 31^=^ ’ 513^; (Following)
sr. 3R^ sft4 mmI sr4 %mm
p>|f ftsfa SFZJ: %'S
ft.stor sf^:
3. 3FJ5T 3F=RWF 3Fto:
%. sf^pt:
«T- 3T^? 3F^‘^t
T. 31^: 3v#r: 3T^f[,
H< 3P|# si#t: 3F^5T55[:
(Going horizontally)
51- fto rto:
to. 1 ito. \ ra | totf
ft.
rs C Atol
T
to:
3;- tol fto*rf to^i:
=3. to fMto fttof:
T. to: T^F^rr Rrqto:
to: tot: frFT^TO
*r. to? tot:
Si^KKt: jf%|•: ‘to^P 5P*?: (Bright)
5?. iqidi- &*(('*> foirat %rra:
\ to$ $wzm I to*:‘ *T=$/ 515^
7
4\.
x*
^
^^
&
£p
4f.
5T^TTRt: 3te^: ‘ $«?: (Sage)
3^
Wk I^T
^TT
§*n 3^*TT
w>3UT 3% m,
|lJv. 5WRHI: 3&Sf: * 5^ ,2
ST®?: (United with)
3^; 5^r:
7 ^^ 1
1
53^:
S3^ $st.*
tw * 3^’ 31®^
W- 5WRHT: 2% ;
<
(Universal sovereign)
*• fWFc^ ftmra;
JK^nrmt ^jthi. tjicit.
^ ‘^ ’ ^«JWrT ’JTcTf:
jf^W 5KI:
4- 5J‘ | EpTO? 1 wzm | fsrw4:A15- nwm ftHT42
ftHRt ftsjTCRptf
=3. mmriTwrt
wzmi WJKV&tf
<r. wzm: nr^rat:
rararrafc wm$$\W.W9: jftjf: Ԥ71^
(Having good feet)
5T®?:
51. 3^ 3%
8TO4. si- \mz isroft §tn^ 3^ 3TO3- S'KT m&ti 3TOJ
% 3^ 3TO*b
tT- 8W WI-&4
?. i^: 31^3. 8^ i'TRi
fi[71^, SWTT^ 7^: 4
775RF3: 3f®f: ‘TO* ($ :)
51. TJPB
o o
4 Iw
{**>• SF5RRI: 'iRf
:
(|^:>
5T. l^T i^rs^n l^TJ
S u. 1;w* t WM! I 1^:ft. f5T?^T l^ra:
*• i^ihi l^r^rt
3. i^ra CTppqf
T- i^ra:
*. im f^st:
S. i^rra-TOw, I^at: I^fS
<£t m&, W: II
^O. «!<!: gfcf: ‘ cfT^T^; » 51^: (Summer)
^fe: cftw°n sftakiw
P^cf gfeff f^p? TOR
*r. ?>rit #nSNt $mpm<T*§&Ki
«r*
a. #n#: <rteTpg
? ? . ^Ki^: 3^: ‘ 3RF(> TO: (Horse)A
3T. 3Wt 3T^T
sfa ‘^W.’ TOW. 11
JpPlTO: TO: (Having no horse)
‘WW TOW. II
3^ l m®FV TO: (TOO
n. 5ROT ^W°TT sri^ft:
* 5T. | 5ROT5 I W4T°n
ft 5ROTITO ^pnt 5Ri^J
$ 3S&TT 3\I%W
% sRSfiptf 5rto^t:
<T- mw> f#^:«r- m®'* mivs-
ti+RlR:
ST. 3JRT
tt 5 ssrj
:‘ 3^’3SFRT
33FWT
«: 31% ‘ SRfJT > 51^: (Time)
5T. SFtfl SR^fr
5FT4 ^R ,
\<C%. j[<*»RRl: 3^: ^R^nT^* 5T5?:
(SustaiDer of the universe)
ST.
t JT.
ft
<?.
%<r.
«?.
S.
| f^3RTj£
wxmjftsRT?:
ft4te
Iwrt
fcwit:
33 I^IR,
C^RFcT: jfsf: <f^:)
5T. 3^ *^J^TqT s*iw
tf. R. | ^TRTTf.*
fN
IS. ^mm. 3WT1T a^Rnf**
OTR?Hlt amr5pT.*
IW^TT amr^r:
7.
q. 5^1* 5MT&: PHl^H. <3<l*uft STRntt:
535RF5: 3^: 4
$5
*
513?: (One who milks)
Sf, £**C\W ss:
& 3- Ip *spfs
i?:. &*
*• w$% sfc I^Tt f*wR
7.
<f. #s. sft # m
^ ^ <1
TOR: 533?:
(One who bears hatred)
sr. 3*-"35, P P*r. <^SF^H> i*p ipft. SP
° A 3
.m vr*
S'fwtf f^t
!*<?. m fwrt-v^jf, gwr:-|^Rjj
p pt: PHs. 5ft
'O
^35,ffr fTfSS^ 5T5?T:
TOR: 3%: ‘ 3R^ ’ 5[^ : (Ox)
5f.
4
sn^rirf 3R^!$ 3R^TT|:
ssr. t. ^nr^H t I 3r^^:
ft.
5- sRIU•
strife*3. 3Rll 3R15^i:
<T. 3RlfJ 3Rf5?B
'• 5T°^: (A door)
% 3i: 3RT 5R:
& si. |su |3RT 1 SR:
ft. SR* 3ft 3R:
f.3RI 3i*ft nft:
3. 3ft siftr SP*n
7 . SR: 3p4 3TPT?
i. 3R: 3ft: 3RT*
s. 3ft 3ft: 3T3
5,. *iWF3: ‘3rf^ ! 515?: (Flame)
sfti: sftre:
ft ?r. 1 3?ft: 1i sftnr
ft. sd%* srrfti ~iftra:
3?f%T sifter:
=3. sftft asfMrc
7. sftrc: sftrft:
3. sftra: sftft: sftm*
c sftft• *
aftftt:
i. AFT 5TS€^fSft 1 5W W 3 ^rs^ra.
'wKl'd: 5T®?: (Companion)
R. SIR! ^Ri
t R. t mt ! R^RJ
ft. rirr; R1RT SIR!
3, kirt m*m w^h*.
% ffspil
R- R^pTT S^R!
R. SIR*:
3. SIRfc
CRiRR: {
3fwr| > 315?:
(A kind of metre— jj^T)
R. 31'uj^ 3FR$ sM?:
t R. | SfalRi"\ I sfrRf:
ft. sfarfr '$f®R?>!
sfan[I L1L Cl l* 1 BHHfiijSfcim i^ -3
% sfan? LUJ Cl IS l fyjgjHjpfcij Li'j ttmH
R. i rri^ i Belli l\‘ i r rs/m
R. sforft: HlEiESdiU®
S. ^RfT: Ijfcfcj Liu )?, Mif~
II ft$SW5. WR[ II
:
‘ , 51^: C1^!^:)
$Vv sr., s. n., ft. m mfk
n., 5T , ft. iftHt 5RJ%
*^S. ST ,$. ST., ft.
5>V^- 51., $, 5i., ft. 3^* safHt ^T2?
WK. sr., tf. 51 ., ft- foaft ftrcfe
sfa jHU
^ xRjRI^ : (n^PWT:)
37., s. sr., ft. m ?n^r infe
!T., t ST., ft. 5Tc^ 5^^ 5T3Tlr
51., tf. 5f., ft. 3R^ 3T^2ft SFTfk
sr., s. sr., ft. ^sr., s. it-, ft.
tft I
l^fTRT: ?T^T#fT: ‘^’ HHlV ^=* 0 °. 5?., tf. 5f., ft. ^ ift
H., S. 5J., ft. ff-ffe gft
W. 51., S. !T., ft.
tft 3^.1
II ift H
Id^M^lf^-Conjugations of Verbs.
II SRJJI5RI II
towrrtRm W'7.* (Roots) afo|
^W# '<IF!T: 3OT (Tenses and
Moods) TOfcr s 33 Wftfr,
(Tenses) ^3RJ SRtftftW! (Moods)| ^qj
—
wra:--Six Tenses
viz. one Present Tanse, 3 kinds of Past Tense
and 2 kinds of Future Tense
TENSESName Sanskrit English Example
1. 3Zs Present
2. SFRERFJj!|
Past Tense, )
Imperfect 3
3. £5 W-{
Past Tense, )
Aorist 3
4. fk Past Tense, )
Perfeet j
spj?
-5. gjFirst 3
Future S*fRdl
A *52Second )
Future )
* Besides the 10 cS^TTTs there is one more
’TrTTCJ —Four Moods1 . ^IZ
2. ftft:
3 . sn#% 3TI#.
5
4.
Imperative
Potential q^Benedictive
Conditional
3WW SIR T4S 8^5R*PTT?
(Personal Terminations) VR&I $5713* Spj; flfcr-
777g??7: Third Person used with etc.
*IWTg37: Seoond Person „
Z37g$7: First Person „
S57T°li 5R& sfrfoT TTHim rc^RT I
77> Singular
H[ eHH*< Dual
sfl W( Plural 7^7713
'$57*^71 <£T ‘fas’ ^R* I T33T <7^7-<3TR?i%q^ # 1; 77 wm ^7^7 «na*r:
viz, This is used only in Vedas, and is hence
termed “The Vedic Subjunctive”. These technical namesare given in the following —
35^ I
*I3*H3WK
%*TO3W# <K^T#, % ‘W^R^r^^n# i m
ft—<rwto to $%* ^m-sncwri ^ qhrafti
qq TO 3WFTFT (For another) fto TOq $f
qr^toj qq g 3TRqq: sqqMq (For Self) ^# tow I m—M:
toi—tott^ ,mi to— i
qt 3 ^ TOW <iFF4 1 TOq^,=q ftfro q$*r% to: ii
%W\l ‘3ITOJW (Conjugational Tenses•C
and Moods), ‘3^Wp>T: , (Non-Conjugational
Tenses and Moods) m^\', | ^4'4i<: 1 31*% q^> snq
W1 I TOT3^1 UTORT ^ nft
(Itotoi: stot: tfqto% i m ft
sroqfa—^+st+ft i (0 W# toopros, (\) ‘ft* # 5f.qqfqq: h
toqnroi: ^fto: i %qf w®*M T % toq qfM: I . ^t ft—
ms
3^-5^r:
sm: «nft:( ^ 3T
®r
ft
t^: 31cfrft: w — ft
^CldJlft: a— ft
=^: fcflft: ft? ft
WI: ^lft: 3 ft
^5: as 31 ft
flHH: ^Tf^: 3 ft
3TOT: 3 ft
W: 3T ft
^W: 5? 3fq ft
[f^
&
43*ft
/tr
5 te'
^ft cftaft
^ wfk ^^ ddlft dd,^
^ sftuilft
^ %lft =%*ft
ftv?3 %^T ‘ ’ (& + *£ *• «• wkh f* the
augment), $qq ‘ sift: * (3R; + %% i. e. without the
augment % l) tJVJT— ^T§: , <H?T: *lf±t<ST, *i(4W>!ft-
<*T^ qrat: ^ JT£% l’j
tngj siftj, 9T?r: c?ror, c^q^ftctnft ‘t* f^wrf^r i
For detailed study refer to Book
dr4ipRi wmm it
(Personal Terminations)
$Z (qRWRTsb: Present Tense)
Jt. 3. ft 3: srfci % ft '^ft
3. 3. ft w «r s ft 'ft
3. 3. ft 3: m ? it
Imperfect (Past) Tense
n. 5, ^ 31*1; 3^ 3 3R
i, \ ^ 3 m:
3. 5. snj; 3 3 5 3ft 3ft
(f33Rft: Imperative Mood.
si. 3* 1 3t^ 3t?5 3^ |3p^
3. 3. — ^ *3 ^3 . 3. 3rrft sir aim 3 str| 3Tt4
Potential Mood.
* 3* ft fti^ ft* ft ftrai^
3. 3* fc ft^ ft t^n: t^wn^
3- ft3; ft ft ft ftfl ftft
SIWM:— (1st Conjugation)
£
'V to be) qT^TTRT
yOT^si: sot: ott:—s
\
.
552 (3cPTFf$?:) Present Tense.
ai^cHd4iv
V. TOT tot TT^T
TT^T^'T: TOT tot
OT3^: toti tot: tot:
R. 553 (OTWR^IW.) Imperfect (Past) Tense.
S. 3OT* stott 3TTOT
IT. OT:
3. 3TTR 3HOT 3TTOT
^T2 (f^^ROT*^:) Imperative Mood.
5T. OTJ-THdl^ ? TOT T^F3
TT. TOTOT^J tot TROT
3. WR TOT TOT
s. (ft^TPT^R^:) Potential Mood*
3. TOT Ti%i:
TT. TOT TOT
3. vkk T#T OT
S—
8
First Future Tense.
R. cR Second Future Tense.
uipi
^ (# HTf^H =ST fejpit srm€t 3$)Conditional Mood.
8t (Pas
> I
61
Ji
m
6i
M
Xi
6\
M
maTRfi^ (an$fa*Ri:) Banedietive Mood.
5T.
U. ^fT:
3.
* q^’ 3TTCW (to bow} —3?Tr?HW
Hiq^npJi: !lMi WWS—\ —Present Tense.
qF^ =n%T
*T.
3.
3*?—Imperfect (Past) Tense.
IT. 3iq^3 3rq^?qi^ 3T?T?^3
JT. WFZJW 33%!^ 2T?F^3.' srq*-^ •^FT-#
q. ^—Imperative Mood.
5T. ^ttw q%rc%
q^q3. qpt q*5j^t
2. fqfqf^]5—Potential Mood.
5T. q%i*T. qF^nt
3. q% q%ft
snwpJT: jfw;\ —First Future Tenaa.
2. '3F5.3FC.’
H. #^fRn^i
3,
< ^
—
Second Future Tense.
% WfN«r%
3. ^Kr-Tm|
<$$-—Conditional Mood.
5f. 3F-fF2^ 3R^R3. m%&mi snri^sn^ 3Rp3^qn3. SRp^MblRf
». -Perfect (Past) Tense.
5f. q^[
*T.
3. ^K*r|^ 9f--Aoriat (Past) Tense.
51. sFrf^wi^ STTF^Ff
*T. 3I#3OTT^ srerH^ra3. 3RKPf 3i#^ni
s£ri'^*|G(*. (2nd Conjugation)
W%: ‘W? - m.-. (To be)—'
*• •Present- Tense.
5?. TO H: TOq. m w.Z. to *3:
\. SfF-Inijwfect (Past) Tense •
?T. 3WHA
"MR-H
*. TO: to*( 3TTH
3. TO to^tc-Inj peractive Mood.
2. FTW
S. h3. srtpt TOi TOT
-Potential Mood.
?. *Rr( ^<TFfr^
ff. to toh*. TO!3. FTR HR HR‘2RP\ 9lof: |d^5 *i.’ ^ Wlt^T
8th (Conjugation)
*ROTI^!:—
‘2* ’ (To do) ^T^t—q^qg^,.
?• —Present Tense.
3.»y
1WJ 1#??. 1=5*4
3. m ffe
R* 5J3-—Imperfect (Past) Tease.
S. 3PRtc[
I?. W: 3TfA
3. 3If? 3T1?
3. ste—Imperative Mood.
S. I?7??. $$ fWf^. l<?d^ w3. otiPt
A ^— Potential Mood.
s.ii?
1?t:. c
i?fera[ l?rd
$?T? wm32—First Future Tense.
ST.A —
**4FIKT 'h’lft*
?.A 4*fer: $?TF4
3.
Second Future Tense.
s. n.Rwrfa
JT.
3.^JT^TT'T* *mw
—Conditional Mood.
5t.
^(Rura^
3.3l’+KWW s^R^m
c. H—-Perfect (Past) Tense.
sr.^3:
^v*T
^R-^,-Aorist (Past) Tense.
A
sr. sr^HT^ -<*m(\
*T. SFfTPTT:3F$Tg
3i+;m 3f^r49
9o. —Benedictive Mood.
5T.flprc©
H. f^RTIJ fSFTO^ Tsp^Rd
3. T^TRH{ fSRTO
•
sjRft:
—
s?R^i?mk?• 5Z—Present Tense.
5T.
*T. W* mk3. # mk §*t
R- 555“—Imperfect (Past) Tense.
Sf. 3TfW sifsmrcc SfftRf
Jf. ?mw> Sffqr^
3# 3f#i -mm^fZ—Imperative Mood.
5f. WML f#TT^ ffenq;
*1.
^TRTRlI ^TITlt
2. fwf^tss—Potential Mood.•v
5f. #3 gpihikliq
*?. #*it: f#n«rr^
%mk i^rf#
'a. gz—First Future Tense,
51. ^TTc*\
3RTKT ^k:•
3. <isiRn%
3.
—{Voices)
iprfti ^TnT: Active Voice.
(^) ^nrfor THTT1!: Passive Voioe.
(3) *T!% Impersonal Voioe.
?• «fidR sprftT:
spTPt iTw f ^vferr^r^
$m^r i yra: i wf ; Tfmsi nt » ^r‘ w <
*if ' I
c
^RqqpTTs^ ra^vr:
—
mfai, m*kt,mM.t
jw
^PTR: |
3R>fe flOTB: l|—
^
W—wfe—^4 T%SRf, sror^i I
3 . ^4p:-^Ttw: itt ?p: fort^ |
3. *T5$fo:—
£
ft: gs *rr q^fcr 11
3. qnrfor jp^t:
_». $gf®r 5rtt=t s^trropi: <r^ gcfY^ri ’sWroti. sptoi^
1 g^if^ ? ¥r^r: | ^‘ «faT&r =ot: ^ ‘
ifTTlSs^ ’ 5fff, ‘ jfl: ’ %k ffcl 5SSn* ||
*f|*W -n?cr:
—
5?-jfI=(-q^n^fq-gf^g.f%-3-.5nq.f^:^ gt^g,
*»R3>f«ri ct^n wiff. (gftgsf)
Note :-—The termination g is added to the root to formPassive Voice e. g. ***{• ITJ^, ,T.- etc.
m •
R. 5PTt*t 3
wm mv^i wf i srairofareiH* 1
T4i—‘f^rc gs: &?i
„
^ ‘S***w ’ sraw*5 # n
3 . yji% JPTt^i:?
^i% «rqin $*iw sr^i ^tftm rw%: l T4i-^ to*^ 4 *
*4 W * Vfa m 5^H3?T^TTft
^{7 n^T: (TO^:) ^ ^ IT:
9 . ith^t: 3it •{'<# mytt :nt* VF®
?, rft: g*5T^ Rl^p™3 . 3(t ^rt^ TO ^tf . v3 flf *TRH ?TO ^
(%fifo:)e^foT wT:
V ^RCl gfr &PTT^|5 . ?r: £ft <R 3^ fiTO
*T1^ sj^PIr
vs.
^^ -a
^°. «TKSi: spfe^T
1 . ^ s*fa pn%: sraft rftfWl,
sron «n^ &: n (<d?40 a >„ TyT
...
2 WT% SRitn S&T SW«3*^*^^ 11
s>;* y
The various voices are aptly illustrated ia
the following slokas :
—
!
*iqtn
3TTiT^tWflares
7^cn vi f|
^nwfir <friHr
"storrafa
5f3^nk10pTRi^n: q^it%
uh afrnsfon 55The Corresponding voices ic
mentioned here under :
—
i the above Sloki ..> are
?.. *wt fruarer - ov&FS SI#!
2. =CWr iJiire?«TqT5*!f<t. - Z8X8. W^'sO 3'5Tjftq[ 7?«|'fiiTrftsT5Trl. - ^£f< 5t#I
4. kt^jt gfter: ^q-ifsRn - V%vfo H«iliT
5. W*% »^Rt - 5(WT
6. fwreifo f^rvJTiHi: sifter-. - flews WWt Jpfrl
7. ?r % gftsrcr) - «Sft sqtn
8. (gerrmft qmn) - ?n&fo '-raR sfljfa
9. sftiTWft «*rf|wj; .... vj_^fnn^T - srafr
10. 3<i?Mfi*T: %vet jTfl. - *6m«i rwft
11. gt =r sfrm •• «ret w12. »rcft ftg: sfcra aqfa
-TRTi
<RStoniWx
i| I il
^f+v^XCf *^Rf i
ns it
gft?$R!$ *TF-:RT I
rtr-T^|| 3 ,j
i
3% ^mVplRrl )! 4 I',
ft ¥R5 I
,2^RP5t vft’-T'f % ;i 5 it
• •• v«
*rk
fa Uflft 5 5f 3 TOST<J* I 3T3 S#q wi?r wm ^^ 4 ?
’ tnfr-
| T4I—
^
+ ^= ‘'F# > 'S^
^ ^ + ^ + ^ = ‘ ^ II
5T-?R^nat ^Tlf^ vnr^t ^jr, ^ffl,
=g ^qrfoT visu^^i’
3^3H5
ft
$
*TI
ft
fo
ZJ
WI W{ *TT *rft ^
mz <nrcft
?Hl«lkl srm * jfpftt
TI W$sprra
wtisp^t ft 3#
TFT^ ^r^Tl^fcl Wl ft#
A
**Hft ^T#sftfa #3
5jrf^ ftFJ%
qfar 'ft* 3444 i w —• 4574*4
3PM 3415? ^W4: ' 41^4: ’
4^44 I 3R4 ^4FF4 4
tftn » eft *foc i 144:
42? | T4T—
f^rfer ^4i?FT4T^^^%44: I
wmsft ftsfe: 4444T: q^frpr: u
(V wRb (*) ^#TJ (3) CTgHMIfllfa
(V) 54314314: (H) JPTHfftr:—efi ||
?• ¥?3T4:
(Formation of words from roots with primary
affixes)
Wfxw: 4Tgvft fcfnn% i sm 4tw^:S4 4153 $?Sc54Rt 4fa%4 !*R«ir; I
WRUTTC *R4T3Pj; WPTPNTftjI I
^4re4ft 4T '^R m 4T4 5r45I*4^ II
44^ft *ft 4451: | ftrcft-
|ft j
fpft 3Ffr eft I 7^ |ft *f[^ I
* 1% is the general term for any group formation
in Sanskrit requiring explanation.
R- tfferaft:
(Formation of derivative bases from riouna by
Secondary affixes)
w ?Wf ^T'mw« Mt^rt i w—
*T «fk^t •# R4oT: I
% ^PTT^ RF3 wp#; 1
1
ll%: STCSlTft 3RRT:=*T!3<fl
:
3T$%: 2^1H 3RW:=3TT^qi: (3TT%tt ; )
3nr^n% 3%fl:=£%?T: (%2fT:
)
3HR;=?RRf^:
?RFF^npf%:
—
W\ >W%rT
g^RTT: (Deaideratives) Examples :—
IM Id I I
i fn-^T#^r=Rfm?r \
gnTt,-3U ,
il(M^gfd=tw l imw i
2. fe^T: (CausalB) Examples :—
^ | *T^—ipRfrT 1$—
I
^ I —dlddfd I |
(Pr6qu0ntativ6s)
(In this the termination ?s added and the
root takes 3TTc3^q^ terminations oniy)
v—
i
<rfa—3TRTWT f7m =1
1
ft—
l
39[— 3TTriJ
-tl^«1 icM fa = II
(Frequentatives)
(In this ifa the termination ^ is dropped and the
root takes qt^q^ terminations only)
f&vmm sr$: ii
5 - (Denominatives)
S^PH: aA: Wl^lfll
**: ^RT = ^TFqfg[ |
mmi\\
3. w«r-(?) TO * jsbpft j
^t: sik'H; - ^Wik \\
(V TO ^ *1^ = 3#?^ j
^r srrarft = r#r^% i
I? 3IR# --jrffiHftaft 15
3.. - is: ^ 3<r3#= fg& S
*»• TO;— fen S* '4T^Ff= fewr iW 5* 3TTTO% - $WIP1%(
T%i 3TN# sf5j|R^|J
M. wvi— Artier: ^ft=st%Tm stffejpft I
*K: =vkito i
?w, TOft, *r^#, n
?% 5rr^i?ri^: i 3i^ ^wmi x%m i(
otpttc stot farfr m ^rtht i
*nar =* fair =^=M i *RRFfr =? inRRawnc^ 1
ft%T ^ I ?tt =* a !
f^RT ^ li
8-9
yHl?T3^r:—Compounds
(Formation of a compound word by the?
Composition of several words)
mmt #tfj; 33: !
^ fs^T II
mi ^ %TnTTRd fzsn n
3?5tsfqf fgfait ir^rtseWflRt HffT I
5^: 'U^rtrt sjtopt II
1. xmi—wzm: 8
2. mm: 7
3 . qssftft *m\m—
7
i fig wmi—-ftfat 2
5. 575 wmt—fifasn 2
6 . ^rmgj—ftjta 2
f^m1—S°R *WRT: — ar^ WIF:
f^I — 3T^? F^fTF:
l.
7 Kinds according to fs?¥f% and the gth ^ cTcg^<T:
(Negative
)
T4^riRK^r%^f|irf: i
3^R^R?rmf qfetj ra: II
f\ a •'
‘ ^r: <r
'ZRl II
'3^R: |
gmtit wtm rt sra: i
3wm
^
sp'pr^ ii
5:^ I f^3:=^rf«Rf: I
1
3- c^fan
m Jirafe 5 i
^TRt «P|f l|
1. WRn^tt^TfJT^T ‘ fsrn^iWH. ’ (Analysis of a
Compound into its Component parts) t?n l e.g. 3TR:
Wl is the of the sure ‘ 3mWi: *I
s{^:-F.Wi^::i J7RH
\m §^-=f^i%JT-.| q[^f ^;=^»5|:
!|
tf. ^ff ?Pf?r:
# 5;% 3 t,&&: 1
p: !i
5#:=^^5: I
•TT% ^_=?TT^!^ i
^ | f^s^iq 5)’5(T3^j
'a. T^jfr <r^?:
^ %WT 9FT ^nsPTRT^^fJ i
^T^T 3R: 3TCR RTO $HR[ |!
%IC ^==%Wi, I5zpn^ jffe:=5Jnspft?r:
§<3T5, 37^T:=§^TO:
'HJT <K35V
srfsR* 1
T^j^iTrm^T *rwr ii
m- S^':=^Rpq ; I ^qf i
fS?R W=^W I ^Rf ^:=%J5f?fi: I!
^JRftTO 1 *Fre: I
^ sm4W* $$ 11
\\\
®n^ | sn%I
<J* ^ <R^t:
*? sf?r:=3I®$:i ^ 3RJ:=3PP5: | 3 ^3H:r^vs3jr;
j
*. f® ^1=^5 :
1
s? ^==3^ j
2 . wtfwtto—(Appositional Compounds)
(Members of seWpt wrar have the same Case when
dissolved)
n?^lnO-Tl^J^ -dSd sn^TPTfftfci \\
feim ,*jrc^m7^ Rwi ^
s
TR«t^T=Cf ^FTOTTCOTT ^ II
? . fr3w$<r? serifs:
^Rrfr^T^rTi^T d*Rrprft 11
^aj=3?^n^;I
*rft^T ^ cTlf^I tRT% ^=^R^RffH II
XX*
R. qjqqRq?
snftpr q*q *mw;vi^ fft jrVtf i
x%^m\ fsr ^rt ^q q% n
iT^aj ^ sq?T^r«l=JT^H^T: |
3* fq^qufoprq^ wrRq:
W 3R ^qtcor^q f| |
q^rfq^^fit^: srntHqqq sr: ii
STRTTftT ct sigf^HTaj = ^IcTigfearf: I
*TRq q 3^u’[ q =|
ftfecT q cT^ qfq^ q = ftsjqqq II
V. ^qqRH^MT SR&TRq:
^iftsq s^qur: Rfq: qr%^.* I
3^T sqRT fq = 2^qf5T: |
^sRT fq = qjftfSRT: |
*TSRT: |q = q^RTfo; ||
H. sqqrc q^q^ qRRRq:
^I^rfw^T qiRr qr qroft i
^RRft q^T 3RT^ RI sROTftf RR*^ II
c5^rr f=r
iRTl 5?
I SRT 33 I
dMid>$$jkfa3.* flidt fd^rrfd: I
*FW! *w>tf£st ^sppfrwi il
9WT3T 13JT: “ cWl^^lT: I
fq^q qid: = f^sflRct: 1/
JR fft q%T =I
wfrfjM ^TI^T II
r4Wi 03 ?t{%^ = I
3^: 03 RlB = I
q*33T 03 = ^q^?: I
jrttB 03 3%: = 35rafid: II
»P *01 III
PTJ1
I
<r^ri
as* n
srjpfrfe sn^r ^i^r^it $$FHP:m s
m: i?R‘: ^i S: = ^PffR: (j)
*TR: m W “ ^PtRT (tf)
W: *K: (nj)
^tsfq %^n: *{ gr* feypr
^RT ZvTgW ^T’T u
1. 5fF9T: 3T&: ^: = ^Wrfjf: I
2. 5-T5; »*I: = 3/RSJT: |
3. qsg: S: = ^gqg: |
4. 3331: vRT: *IRi^ *T: = 35SKR: |
5. 4kT: 3^1: ^3 ?fl: = ‘ffr'TW; I
6. *f53x®I® -*IR H: = *^f=f55; |
r\ r\
R. ^ crpTT^:
,TT3 l
WT 5RTTO f^TS^[ R^^il^stcr
3?*^ ^ *T: = *MldM< : !
ftsfc 8*5: *W: ST = fqsq^c^qqfT II
3. ?N4!«n^
tpi* fsS-TFnf^n a&
!
qaro *n*n: fwife; sng^ it
gt ^T qql ?-fT= fg^T:
‘ q^ ^T eiz qr = q^rr:
a. srssftft:
strott: $8f ^r ^r wn i
f3F<s*r%$*TI fFF II
S^THt % sfcl ^ = 3qW: I
qqqg^iHl sqft ^ sfor s= sq+Ksri: u
h. ^tft**
wm' H5SRTRI: H^F 3ffa qT^n: t
iTifi ^55rrr it
q*?rft: Sf ffs = I
*RTR: W q§^# = I
^ (S^:) II
n*
5. 3?ft)ft ;
«3^tt« f^rfecrcias gr = gg^4 I
3flww g^n*r ft^itercrs ?n = ^f%ap^T n
^ll+rt^R^Tg; ^m\ =3 II
qj|^raj Jjsterr ft gt qgt = qi^ft I
gfef^rsj gfefts? qf^ ft gs qit = ggtgfe|
'%% %trg gCt^r ft gt qgt= %5n%f% i
4. fig sumr:—ftfc*:^ #
=^TO^r%^^:ittrt rt^r fi^j: i
wir^t iRH^M-twift g^tft: u
*. 'OTrAV-ft ft5:
T^R^T *m ^ ft ftg% I
xR 'T^Tt sr: %*ft ||
q^RT qZRT *RTCTC: = q^t |
’PPlt #RHT OTIfR: = ft^r^r 1
q^RT IRT ?mrfR: = q^RR |
- flcgt
mfa i 5^i I
f$& sift^T mm\ to: ii
mf^rsft pi ST^^ f| II
qnuft inaoTi^ 3*^1 3^= WI9*: I
flH =q R = *rafa: II
5. SrSSHH:—fwH
(‘^> 3??.:—
^
55^;)
scraps FTwmtJ i
S f| 3?d to iw #T^ HRf^l II
^Aa^IlPTl hh!$hi§M^4T I
5T*qi q^rf qfton H
1. $ . f^q^cF^T^I
qqffe^ h^t imm l
ttwto: ^ ii
#*j53 ^qorar = ^riw I *$«*
R. 3?33
viferaHftiw "i &mt w
^Pft ^ ^r«f 3JFS3? = SiKI^cTOT: I
^*3 s$83 e.W %£&j = !i
2, \. ‘yf^mK SFZl
50^-4 T. *?T^ ?T^I I
WW w^i ft qpfift «WRf H
=£f 3C3T =q g% ; ^R:=?n-am^ I
^ 5:$ =3 9%: «RTfR: = I
3FE =*f =5f cTCi: *Wi£R: =
R. WfR 373-J
S^RJ^liqj? ^TW 3['iTR I
^ri 'm?> w ^r: li
SIT =q ?5qs3 q^pj ^T WCR: = I
wm C^I =5m ^TT WI1SK: = affa^IW >
6. spn^rmre ^PTRi:—
to r-H'?^qr5«-q^
qrat ftftR ^ 3fR i
#; q^Fitsfq ^ ^ p*r:
K* nm^ w^rof^n^nj;
!
^mts^ toHWiM II
^5^fn=5R^ 5lf^/^efF2T^sn5jRh!
=H^3= ®fft«n^ i ^R^f: rrI' = |
^HR, TO?:=frTO ! *T£H( R2R: =
TO^t to toft * I
^TOWs^Ri $*? ?TOR H Jfiji il
^TR &*:=q«Wft I 5TITO ^T:=^rTO I
In this compound the case 8ndings of the
w ords (that it contains) are dropped.
E. ffcrfr f%ffi:=:fWffS<q: Here the fgifcn ra^flfi (of fwr)
is dropped.
Mostly ai! compounds will be
In this compound the caae endings are not
dropped. This variety may be seen rarely in all
compounds.
?°3^F5: ^ ^:=^j°3^iT5: (=T^^tf^:)
5ig^T 3M: =3^p>5r: (d?JR:)
ff^ ^isrfd |% (3^rT^ ^ptr:)
3R: =^rtl5f%: (d?JR:)
3lhld: =^Pd^Kl<ld: (^3^0
RR ^trt^t:
In this compound the f%n^ ^ispr cannot be given b>
using the words actually compounded.
Ex. =ET%r gf5r:=^?«Rr<T: |The word should
not be used in ^repr i The meaning of sfifJT is
expressed by i
This variety is very rarely seen.
3TFM MR:In this variety the words compounded can be
also used separately.
Ex; *r*[: i Here the two words *t*T and.
3^* in compound can be used in fesffincfff also.
an^n^JT-Analysis
qg- JT?J cU, §3^ 3F33fHTq (Prose order'
m\—wife i
mz: vmi^ qi^q#*m ii
JFT55?5T^:)
The Analysis of the above Sloka is as follows ;
—
cF3; - - ^: ? 3TT^T^fT
‘ 3T|q;?‘ 3T£ ^
4 3Tm^r ‘
‘ 3ii qHdN#a(t^ ^3:
qTq^rcWr ? ^rf‘ *PRT: fq^ » sfo 3^
3*: Wl *$ ?
‘ qFT^fe S3*fit » # •3^
f^»q^? f^nmRiiT^T^T ‘qmqftq^ #’ wj,1
cfFratfqq 5PT?f: fq^Rt, q&fta#^
^teq^ q^,’ «g«( :3pqq; I
The following is a rare specimen Sloka giving.
Examples in all pprfas with feqtTJT and faqtef—
TO %?q =^K wp;:^W *TR*TT
TOT f^TClt SiTOT
‘i II
An Example for the sn^I^rt of a sentesoe (r.g) js
thus :—‘ *m: wj srm: ^
»
# mi#; 44#
» # \ m-^Rh #w I
3=# 1 mi :
fRt i # * wit vwitrm »
4. ‘4^’ (#, 44^, r#r_) # *ra:
cm s^# i w-4*#q ^ 4i#
*m: ‘ $ ’ sniRr ? fra to \ * kmcfra I # 4 rifi ’
f .4 $'4^: »
<» fra to 4
3*1451^1 ’I 441-4$^ ^4 41# '4#^
»
44: ? fra sn44f$r i
* ^raqrq
’
m: i>& fra I
«. ‘4#^’ f# TO ‘4JTOtW4
TOI^T ’ 44T-4%4T^ TW ‘’ %m
44T4? fT4 3TT4n^(T I ffefTTq
\\m ‘ 4144##^’ W 44# S# 34^ I
H, ‘4^’ ‘14’ *4?4q/ '14:' fr4T#TO:
f4?4iN^iw4 wxm i w-ifewq *w4i44#Rr ferc ‘^ * 44# ? f# to: l #Rptfi^qoRq’ 34445^4 I 344 44?
4I4#4f4q.f^t '4# 414:’ 44# f# I
(Adopted from «*iwji tr^Rutl Book)
SF’FT —Indeclinables,
T{Rt
3n% Sift ‘ ^qqift * 1^*1$ I
(3Tsto is a word which has no Gender, Casa
or Number and which undergoes no change.)
=s—trsjm ft#s ^ I
^ -3% c%R II—|ft I
\. arsTOftrreTOTst: ^fccqsqqcifa %<i: i
*rs!ir—srqro^ (Near town), srfef^rq; (In the tree)
4Twftn*rn (In the middle of the way) etc.
H- Adjectives will beoome arsro when used
as Adverbs. *r?7r—‘ jtwji’ fcTO ijr^c srs^t
fMt'wq: (Adjective) i *? <*sr4
TOgrer ’
f^mfsR^TOTJ^ (Adverb) i Henoe in the second
sentence ial
V ^rfHf^^sqqrfw i
*ror— setting, TO: a salutation, *qf$-=r hail,
^3T5T food offered to Gods, ^srar food offered to
or Manes- happiness eto.
1 .
4 ’—'TTfaftcpn (I
crafg&ms^ feftWdd fenr?^rc%- s^«5jif4%
Orn: II
s— 10
that exists, frrfer that does not exist, a*fcn I,
3?TS said, srrer there was, happened, 11
dl-Sdl^TTR ys3T3-flf^ 5
—
(1) crfa^cTrft (Having the sense of the
Ablative case) nr^cT: from the mother, fttjrT: from
the father, from the beginning, Frar?T: from
the middle, ?gr?r: from the Voice.
(2) sic^rnfjt (By adding the termination srjJ
is affixed in the sense of * equally with ' or
* like ' equally with that;etc.
(3) (By adding the termination ?r?3;)
3T5q^r: little by little, 3f3T: mostly, ’sms?!: bit by
bit I
%d»-diw —The Indeolinable Past Participles—
(1) TRRfrift— having gone. having
done. having seen eto.
(2)—*1 is added instead of c^r to roots-
with prepositions— having gone out,
having refined, having interviewed eto.
(3) ggsrenfSr—The Infinitive of purpose,
sjvg to go, to do, to see etc.
3TSwreR0T^ {uv»
vs. (These ar^s are derived
from QvKIRERp)
5P^: —3^T when, ar=T where 33T as, 33: whence,
since, because.
35:—cr^T or 3?l3tn theD, at that time, 55 there, 351
3f| then, therefore.
—^TJrtq. now, 2T5 liere, 5555 thus, am: hence.
'^ctf| now, 53 here, ^35 thus, 33: hence,
therefore.
f%n—*B?T when ? fET or ar where ? how ? why ?
whence ?
3$—trifcr or always, everywhere, in all places
by all means, *T$cT: everywhere, on all sides.
3T«r— in other times, elsewhere, in another
place, otherwise in a different manner, 3RTCT;
from elsewhere.
once, once upon a time, t^F^ in one place,
t^cf; from one place.
tbere *n tbe DCXt world, argcT: from that place
or person.
1 . The following words resembling are often
used as ars^rqn in the resepctive meanings as given
below :
—
3PWT q*jft Meaning
because
35— — — hence— — in ancient days
<TC—g?;;f in the next world# in another place, further
or beyond.
spflr— in another place, sto^TT in another manner,
ar^: from another place.
in the preceeding part, previously, ^cf: from
the previous placefin front of,
—OTTO in both places, in both ways,
from both sides.
subsequently, from the north, arfal to
the north.
from the south, to the south*
<S. 3T-Wft
once, fe.twice, ft: thrice, =^ : four times,
five times, six times, etc,
t^t in one way fg[*n or gqr in two ways, ft*n or in
three ways, ^3*1? in four ways, wqr in five ways,
q^tT or qtst in six ways, SH*TT, 31OTT, WT, qsrat etc.
tj55T; one by one. fg^T: two by two, by twos, ftsn T^ST:,
W: 5RT5T: ttftWT: etc.
- #By adding f>cq: to any number, other than 1 to 4
similar multiples are formed. * qrt ’ also may be added
to numbers to form similar multiples aa tJWPJ,
WRU, etc.
9 »<?
to-day
srar?% now-a-days
ssn at dawn
*$: to-morrow
TOT: day-after-to-morrow
«ET: yesterday
on the following day
*T5T: at once
x }-
g?r in olden days
previous day
spito: the other or following
day
ar^TcT^g: on one of the twodays
on another day
just now
3Tlfo: on the following day
JS|: }°D b°th day!>
during this year
erect last year
TOft the year before the last
3IPTTR 315^1 ft
suddenly, all at
once.
"] Not long
I since,
recently,'
quickly
erir before
^nr well
arsraq; constantly
«raKTT correctly, justly
3Rffa exceedingly
then,
) afterwards
9^T what else, yes
or, rather
3T5T truely, certainly
ap*: ~i below,
arwni. } down
arforq incessantly ?
3T^T; in, into
ap^cT: at last, from the end
except, without
ap^ra > moreover,
srit^ > besides
atfil even
BTfiTcT: near, close by
apfl*srq frequently
arq quickly, little
arm together with,
in company with
apq quickly
ajqfcj; before
sp?q enough of, sufficient
for
«TCpiq necessarily
»*«£<{ repeatedly
day and night
«r*PT at once
«rnra near, at a distance
anfw: openly, before the
eyes
anq yes
en^St on the whole
3ct V or
serrgt )
thus, in this manner
5f?T5 In conformity to
tradition
sq like, as
slightly
3’%: loudly
then
over
sqfg secretly, in private
sqi early in the morning
at dawn9
truly
^ without, except
at once, suddenly
just, quite
thus, so
arfa so be it, yes
*1
fin some place|
I trust, hope
) with great
j difficulty
how indeed,
how possibly^\
once
to one’s satisfaction
what a pity
tffcsr moreover, again
*)t0 a certain
r - £dc«ree ,
littlc ’
) some what
but, yet, however
nevertheless
*f%?3 what indeed, whether
how much more
fWT or
what, how
{%c5 verily, indeed
fog what ihen, how much
more
enough, no more of
only, merely
simply
f5T^TJ
certainly, surely
=5 and
f?3. |
particles, added to
} f% and its
derivatives
e.g.,
Meaning • a certain.
1fstfvT I
I
f%U*T ^-for a long time
fkm I
J
ftetraw for a period of
many nights.
%if3113 perhaps
silently
Bftfir V quickly, at once
J
gqi * so
oW<WrftT even then, still
<wr % as for instance
ct»T? even so, just so
a^g then
cTCHT forcibly
arag so much
fat: ") crookedly
fcW? ) across
3 but
silently
firar by day
f^«Tr fortunately
5*5 ill, in a bad manner
deeply
afar at night
5TJ> quickly, forthwith
fejj what a pity
surely, certainly
by night
a not
JTg indeed, surely
never
* f| not at all
•TRTT in various ways
«n*f by name, indeed%
&WT near, close by
very much
fiTcTr^cT*! excessively
?fr%: low, below, gently
JjfTH certainly
IS; }if not
] butq^3 3
*rftcT: aroued
to one’s satisfaction,
sufficiently
cpJic^ behind, backwards.,
at last
5*T: again
S^Tigjf: again and again*
jfj* \ in front3^T<t 3
individually
SPEW* exceedingly
on the contrary
5W$I forcibly
5TI^ before, at first
5JTcT: in the morning
stt16^ crookedly
S, }raostl>,
w&nl
forcibly,
JRrat j powerfully
*fij: out, beside
H?: exceedingly
JjRTq; greatly
quickly
*RI^ a little
RT > .
<n« r0 "01
except
*rrf%*n without delay
fa*T: ) to each other,
3 secretly
fit«rr wrongly
S^TI to no purpose
5f:often
W falsely
^if'
as much as, till
gtrcrtl. simultaneously
*n or
f^n without
fxn high up in the
sky
f*TT in vain
t verily, to be sure
5PT: gently, slowly
always
St }alwa>,s
*rrf^ at once
*PTH equally
?nRTfT: on all sides
?nrcrT at a fixed time
}-well, properly
well, in a good man-
ors together with [ner
at once
year
with
Slfr crookedly, in a side-
long manner
HTWH with
in a person
STfir haif
RTcsicTr^ now, fitly
WH* in the evening
well
rightly
oneself
heaven
ho, hallo
alas
51 ho
% because, indeed
without, except.
itR^+klt-Glossary
This follows 51*^ order :
1 . God
Vishnu
ftra: Siva
$X: Siva
Sun
poet
gfw: sage
fafa: fate
Lord Vishnu
5TOj: Siva
Vishnu
WJ3: Sun
33= son
•5 . w the creator
^rf doer
*RT? husband
speaker
RHT grand-son
>». STcTT brother
sTIRlcd son-in-law
husband’s brother
•Tt man charioteer
•U. RI3T a garland
dfal Sita
SSTOT patience
33(1 shame
at*arr, atsi, >’’ £ mother
arar )
V<. gfa: hearing,
5f%: taste
ffo intelligence
«fW—1
fWft speech, *roa*ft
g^t female friend
godess
53ff doer
<n?ft giver
the godess of
wealth
gfl: boat
?n=5ft: lute.
iv. shame
»ft : intellect
*ft: fear
*1$. «rg: the body
55: arrow
t^sj: rope, cord
^f: beak
*)*. army
mother-in-law
V. 8; eye-brow
lovely woman
=t«. inert husband’s
Brother's wife
5^31 daughter
«HT^l husband's sister
V* knowledge
forest
vrjj wealth
^5. eye
*.%. a#t bone
srfsF*T thigh
ar% eye
V». awft having no
beginning
§*f*T fragrant
»txg water
3*sr tear
^5 thing, real thing
^T5 timber
$?£ that which does or
makes
ii^T that which goes
that which speaks
X*>. *25 soft
<jg broad, wide
q§ clever
555 short
XI. cloud
eloquent
X*. physician
mfire
sacrifiicial priest
$3. ?rar^ a paramount
soveriegn
>?%T^ ascetic
the creator of
the Universe
Hiking
3&!vT. one who does
any business
^T^ra: name of a
particular sacrifice
soma distiller
^ giving
c^rt. holding
fearing
sR-fit, eating
stmn: watching
5TTfnt. ruling
shining
being poor
IV going
willing to go
5^ taking away
5f<M< willing to take
away
doing
willing to do
telling
willing to tell
5%^ intelligent
*FRrH; rich
f'd'ti'l he who has done
*T»nrtr(. divine
as much as
cIWR; so much
how much
of this extent
Indra
f^f^God
well-versed
in Sastras
cfiftjcC. the Sun
\V the head
cTSTI carpenter
gHTfir auspicious named
*Tf|m greatness
>ftfT fat
3tfi*PTT minuteness 1
nftrn greatness
thinness
v«. jtot the Creator
one who performs
sacrifices
§qqf God
ar^l way
vv. n^TT: churning
handle
•*H. soft; good natured
wft wealthy man
the Moon
V». trjj of this kind
of my type
<?T?^ of your type
31^!^ of our type
of your type
*T3T?l> of your
honour’s type
he who has
seen the truth
vi. one who
steals jewels
one whose
lustre is white
•*H. =5T^TT: the Moon
SJWI: the good-
minded
3d*n a priest
V. rrfrTH, heavier
pnfpTR greater
<0. «f5RRone who
has said
one who has
approached
one who has sat
one who has
stood
\*.g*3,tree
tree
W skin, bark
^ lustre
V». Sffct. green
3^3.lightning
Hi. swr3.prosperity
33*13 adversity
*33 earth .
HV 53. war, battle
holy stick
^53 creeping plant
one who knows
the secret
3WT rope, garland•
yoke
tvij: town, a city
%%. {^name of a
river in Punjab,
cow called Be as
f&5 l“stre
TOTt. shining
JTcirpt one who went
gears, extracting
stretching
preventing
E^jTft buying
3f^t. eating
W* 8reat
a drop of water
'it. sacrificing
3TTH5 ruling
sr^ eating
=5rars?C, shining [poor
one becoming
srrat* being awake
T5®^ asking
jjatt. releasing
JTRt going
shining
one who will do !
'•%. being
playing
stealing
desiring to do
desiring for child
v»«,. lustre, a house
after the sky
I* gold
co. igtf happiness
armour
%$ir house
house|
<^. fSTOt happy
cTTrcft orator
^»#t one having
stick
CV. of this kind
f?«[j of this kind
i&Tjj of what kind ?
«V one stealing:
jewels
c\. eftT: penance
JT5T: fame, glory
rrftiT: heavier
^T: good
c'*. 9ft: clarified butter,
ghee
33Tt% :light, lustre
light
a. sng: life
qjg: the eye
93: bow
*13: body
4*,. jrf^TCC. that which has
stood
that which has
said
that which has
approached
lotus
<, 1 . one of the two
q^tir one of many
IV. )one not
%Tt : 3 getting old
IV. <TK foot
IV.^ tooth
V^. *TW month
IV. one who quaffs
the Soma juice
AIJMI: conch blower
VVv ftytt: protector of the-
world
IV. wise
pure-minded
§«ft: fortunate
sft: leader, guide
<jV. £W*ft: the chief of a
village
15®. one having.
many good wives
1SV 39^: widow remarried
^55^: cleaner
"\%v. self-born
TOf situated beyond
adverse
arsrr^ stooping
^ going down-wards
companion%
V*. fgqra, having two legs-
!sqnwitl. tiger-footed
i qgi ar^m the Sun
<K$. the killer of a.
Brahmin
aTTcJTp one who kills-
his own soul
I
I
VS. pw^fire
bearer of
burden
lee. 3^ one who burns
ftpg one who anoints
35-3 one who swoons
one who vomits
one who loves
1W 31^ eastern
VS- western
1V». 3^ following
IV. northern
W going away
V®. 3^> that which milks
* ° 1 . 3^-3 that which bears
malice
that which has
a fine bull
II ||
II SRW I ||
USEFUL TEXT BOOKS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
Text in Sanskrit with English Translation, Exhaustive Notes,
Model Questions etc..
By, T.K. RAMACHANDRA AIYAR, M.A., B.O.L.
BOOKS ON SANSKRIT PROSE
«IWKWWUIH7^-3J#Z|T-3rr?Mr«hlu^l: - Rs. P.
A Simple Prose Version of Valmiki Ramayana retaining
thr idioms of the original 20.00
Do F+MW Part II 20.00
- The story of Bana’s Kadambari
Concisely written. Text with Eng., Trans. 38.00
English Translation and Notes on Kadambari Sangraham-
Mahasvcta Vritanta (Without Text) 20.00
Do Sukanasa Upadesa 1 0.00
d \<t'h WRTjJ?: 35.00
A short History of Sanskrit Literature - Covering the
whole range of Vedic, Sutras, Classical periods,
Maha Kavyas, Darsanas etc. 40.00
JcWWI-K: ->illT<'XlKl<9f?FT f^Tf^cT: (|lrf^ri:)
50 selected Alankaras with the commentary
“Samanvaya" in Sanskrit and English 20.00
A Small Hand Book on 40 selected
commonly used classical metres with English
Notes and illustrations from Popular Kavyas for
the use of University Students. 20.00
A Guide to the Study of Comparitive Philogy with
special reference to Sanskrit 60.00
Related Documents
