SABBI Barley Program ●SMART breeding (Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies) ●Conventional breeding ●Doubled haploid production.

SABBI Barley Program

● SMART breeding (Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies)

● Conventional breeding● Doubled haploid production ● Marker assisted selection

Program Goal

Develop SAB brand aligned barley varietieswith superior:

● Yield potential● Stability● Agronomic characteristics● Disease resistance● Malting quality● Brewing qualityfor the Southern Cape dry land area and the Northern Cape irrigation areas

Southern Cape: Dry land ± 150 000 tons

Northern Cape: Irrigation ± 70 000 tons

Barley producing areas of South Africa

Research facility near Caledon in Southern Cape

Trial and F-generation material under irrigation

Phase 1: CrossingCollect germplasmMaking crosses

Phase 2: Selection in F-generationsPhase 3: Trial evaluationPhase 4: Commercial evaluationPhase 5: Seed production and

maintenance

Phase 1: CrossingCollect germplasmMaking crosses

Phase 2: Selection in F-generationsPhase 3: Trial evaluationPhase 4: Commercial evaluationPhase 5: Seed production and

maintenance

Conventional breeding Program

CrossesF1F2F3F4F5Elite 1Elite 2Elite 3LE 1LE 2LE 3LE 4LE 5

Comm Yr 1Comm Yr 2Comm Yr 3Comm Yr 4Seed multiplicationCommercial production

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Limited qualityevaluation

Micro malting

Experimental release

Final release

4000 lines


Collect germ plasmCollect germ plasmGerm plasm are collected from allover the world to address the deficiencies in the program

Germ plasm are collected from allover the world to address the deficiencies in the program


Phase1: Crossing

Most important characteristics

Agronomic

characteristics Brewing

quality

Malt quality

• Yield• Plumpness• Kernel nitrogen• Maturity • Straw length• Straw strength• Disease resistance

• Fermentability • Brewing yield• Starch gelatinisation temp• Filterability• Haze potential• Taste stability

• Extract • Kolbach Index• FAN• Diastatic activity

•Viscosity•AAL•Beta glucan

Making crossesMaking crosses


Phase1: Crossing

Plant breeding parents

Cross breeding parents

Phase 2: Selection in F-generationsPhase 2: Selection in F-generations



Phase 2: Selection in F-generations



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Micro malting


Final release

4000 lines 5000 lines 4000 lines 3000 lines


Single plant selection in wide rows from F2 to F4 generation for characteristics like tillering, straw strength and height, maturity and disease resistance; single row selection in F5 on same characteristics to be proceeded to Evaluation phase


Phase 3: Trial evaluation



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Final release

1000 lines 1 location180 lines 2 locations46 lines 2 locations25 lines 12 locations25 lines 12 locations

Micro malting


Plant blocks at different localities and evaluate for yield, plumpness, kernel nitrogen, germination energy, disease resistance and malting quality (Extract, KI, Viscosity, AAL, beta-glucans, FAN, DP)


Phase 4: Commercial evaluation



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Final release


After experimental release varieties are planted by commercial producers for SABM and SAB to evaluate for malting and brewing quality for three years:

Year 1, 350t Year 2, 1000tYear 3, 3000t


Phase 5: Seed production



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Final release


In the Southern Cape Breeder and Foundation seed are produced. Foundation seed are sold to Agricultural businesses who produce Certified seed to be sold to the producers. Under irrigation we are involved in the whole seed chain.

Doubled Haploid Production

Marker Assisted Selection

Doubled Haploid Production

Marker Assisted Selection

Extension in programExtension in program


• Doubled Haploid production

• Marker Assisted Selection

• Doubled Haploid production

• Marker Assisted Selection


Extension in program



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Micro malting


Final release

Doubled Haploids

Marker assisted selection


Doubled haploid production

● The production of true breeding lines within one year to shorten the release time of new cultivars with three to four years

● F1 seed (and sometimes F2 seed) from selected crosses are used to produce Doubled haploid plants

Double haploid productionMicrospore methodMicrospore method

Double haploid production

Anthers plated on mediumAnthers plated on medium Calli develop from anthersCalli develop from anthers Calli transplanted onto regeneration medium anddoubled haploid plantsdevelop

Calli transplanted onto regeneration medium anddoubled haploid plantsdevelop

Anther culture methodAnther culture method

Marker assisted selection

● The early identification of specific characteristics in the progeny of a specific cross.

● Especially important for characteristics which is difficult to identify or measure in a conventional way

● Indirect selection process through the ID of a unique DNA sequence occurring in proximity to a desired gene, by molecular techniques

● Contracted to CENGEN

Marker Assisted SelectionTrait Chromosome Origin

Grain brightness 3H Franklin

Grain brightness 2H Harrington

Malt extract, diastatic power, α-amylase, free α-amino nitrogen, β-glucan

1H Alexis

α-amylase 5HL Harrington

Diastatic power 4HL Harrington

Diastatic power 5HL Harrington

Wort content (sucrose) 4HL Derkado

Example of markers developed for specific traits Example of markers developed for specific traits

SABBI Barley Program ●SMART breeding (Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies) ●Conventional breeding ●Doubled haploid production.

Documents

selection slide

comm yr

evaluation phase slide

irrigation slide

trial evaluation slide

southern cape slide

crosses phase

commercial evaluation