s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza

7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza

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Opuntia ficus indica and Opuntia macrorhiza :

Promising Sources of Flavonols –

Comparison between varieties from different origins

Tamer Moussa-Ayoub1,2, Sascha Rohn3, El-Sayed Abd El-Hady2,

Helmy Omran2, Salah El-Samahy2, Lothar W. Kroh1

1Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Berlin, Germany.

2Suez Canal University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Food Technology, Ismailia, Egypt.

3Universität Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg, Germany.



Flavonoids

O

OH

HO

O

R1 R

2

Flavanone

O

OH

HO

O

OH

R2

R1

Flavone

O

R2

R3

OR

1

Isoflavone

O

OH

HO

O

OH

OH

R2

R1

Flavonole

Flavan-3-ole (Catechine)

OH

R2

R1

HO

OH

O

OR3

X-

+O

OH

OH

OH

HO

R1

R2

Anthocyanidine



Physiological Properties

Far most important: Antioxidant Activity

Besides

or

to someextentbasis for

Anticarcinogenic,

Antimicrobial, Antiallergenic, Antiviral,

Antithrombotic Properties

Antiinflammatory, Immunmodulatory Effects

Estrogenic activity

Enzyme-inhibition

+

-

-

O

O

OH

OH

OH- / O2

+H- e--/

O

O

+H- e--/

OH- / O2

HO

O

OH

O



Cactus pear plant

Cactus Pear plant Opuntia spp.manifold species

and varieties

Cactaceae

Opuntia ficus indica

(Indian fig)

Cladode

Fruit



Problems

Only a few investigations in the literature

deal with flavonoids of cactus pear speciesand varieties

- most of them used acidic hydrolysis for the determination of aglycons

Many investigations interested only in analyzingpigments (betacyanins and betxanthins)

- few investigations on physiological properties (e.g. antioxidantactivity)

- controversial results: Some say „quercetin“, some say „kaempferol“and some say „ isorhamnetin“



Aims

Only a few investigations in the literature

deal with flavonoids of cactus pear varieties andspecies

- Identification of flavonol compounds

- Comparison of varieties of different origin

- Developing a comparitive and soft hydrolysis method

- Comparison with O. macrorhiza

- Determination of the antioxidant activity



Flavonols in O. ficus indica peel

1

2

1

1

1

(1) isorhamnetin glycosides, (2) isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside



Flavonols in O. ficus indica peel

1

2

(1) isorhamnetin glycosides, (2) isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, (3) isorhamnetin.

1

1

1

3

Before (A) and after (B) enzymatic hydrolysis

(A) (B)





Flavonols in O. ficus indica from different origins

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Cladode(R, Egypt)

Cladode(Y, Egypt)

Peel(R, Egypt)

Peel(Y, Egypt)

Peel(R, Sicily)

Peel(Y, Sicily)

Peel(R, S. Africa)

Peel(Y, S. Africa)

i

s o r h a m n e t i n ( µ g / 1 0 0 m g )



Antioxidant activity (ESR Spectroscopy) of both peels

and pulps of O. ficus indica from different origins

Peel Pulp

Degradation (%) of fremy’s salt radical (1mM) after 15 min by diluted extracts (1:15)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Peel (red,Egypt(

Pulp (red,Egypt(

Peel (ye-or, Egypt(

Pulp (ye-or, Egypt(

Peel (red,Sicily(

Pulp (red,Sicily(

Peel (ye-or, Sicily(

Pulp(ye-or,Sicily(

Peel (gr-wh, Sicily(

Pulp (gr-wh, Sicily(

F r

e m y ' s s a l t r a d i c a l d e g r a d a t i o n

Plant tissue



O. ficus indica vs. O. macrorhiza



Flavonols in O. ficus indica and O. macrorhiza

1

2

(1) isorhamnetin glycosides, (2) isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside

1

1

1

O. ficus indica O. macrorhiza

2



Betacyanins in O. ficus indica and O. macrorhiza

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

Beta vulgaris

O. macrorhiza O. ficus indica (R, Sicily)

O. ficus indica (R, Egypt)

O. macrorhiza O. ficus indica (R, Sicily)

O. ficus indica (R, Egypt)

R a t i o o f t o t a l b e t a c y a n

i n s

cactus pulp cactus peel



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Peel (Purple,Egypt(

Pulp (Purple,Egypt(

Peel (red,Egypt(

Pulp (red,Egypt(

Peel (red,Sicily(

Pulp (red,Sicily(

F r e m y ' s s a l t d e g r a d a t i o n ( 1 0 0 % )

Plant tissue

Antioxidant activity (ESR Spectroscopy) of O. ficus

indica and O. macrorhiza

Peel Pulp

Degradation (%) of fremy’s salt radical (1mM) after 15 min by diluted extracts (1:15)



Summary

- Opuntia ssp.: Promising sources of bioactive flavonols

- Enzymatic hydrolysis more soft than acidic hydrolysis for thedetermination of flavonol aglycons (no formation of degradation products)

- Dominant flavonol: Isorhamnetin

- O. macrorhiza comparatively highest in betcyanins andantioxidant activity



Thank you for your attention !!!

s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza

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