SS CO C S SYSTEM CONCEPTS AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES Werner Weiss AEE - Institute for Sustainable Technologies (AEE INTEC) A-8200 Gleisdorf, Feldgasse 19 AUSTRIA
S S CO C SSYSTEM CONCEPTSAND DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Werner WeissAEE - Institute for Sustainable Technologies (AEE INTEC)A-8200 Gleisdorf, Feldgasse 19AUSTRIA
THERMOSYPHON SYSTEM - ChinaTHERMOSYPHON SYSTEM China
THERMOSYPHON SYSTEMS
THERMOSYPHON SYSTEMS
W t diti it bl f i it tWater conditions suitable for one-circuit systems
Description Maximum Recommended LevelPh 6.5 - 8.5TDS 600 mg/lTotal Hardness 200 mg/lTotal Hardness 200 mg/lChlorides 300 mg/lMagnesium 10 mg/lCalcium 12 mg/lSodium 150 mg/lSodium 150 mg/lIron 1 mg/lSource: Solar Edwards, Australia
INDIRECT SYSTEMINDIRECT SYSTEM
Indirect Thermosyphon SystemIndirect Thermosyphon System
Source: TONG HUA, China
Domestic Hot Water System with Forced CirculationDomestic Hot Water System with Forced Circulation
HYDRAULIC SCHEME OF A SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMU C SC O SO O S S
6
1 circulation pumpcollector area
thermometer and pressure gaugelock valve
gravity brakecirculation pump
432
hot water3bar
°C/bar °C
5
escape valvethermometer
pressure relief valvethermometer and pressure gauge
7654
°C3
5
74
fill and empty valve
expansion tankthermometer
9
87
tankstorage1
22
10
8
cold water
10
HYDRAULIC SCHEME OF A SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMU C SC O SO O S S
6
1 circulation pumpcollector area
thermometer and pressure gaugelock valve
gravity brakecirculation pump
432
hot water3bar
°C/bar °C
5
escape valvethermometer
pressure relief valvethermometer and pressure gauge
7654
°C3
5
74
fill and empty valve
expansion tankthermometer
9
87
tankstorage1
22
10
8
cold water
10
Stagnation behaviour
Kollektor im Stagnationszustand
Stagnation behaviour
Kollektor im Normalbetrieb Dampfbildung im Kollektor
Stagnationszustand
Stagnation behaviourKollektorverschaltung mit ungünstigem Entleerungsverhalten:
Stagnation behaviour
D fbild i K ll ktStagnationszustandKollektor im
Normalbetrieb Dampfbildung im KollektorNormalbetrieb
Stagnation behaviour
Einfluss der Rückschlagklappenposition relativ zur Ausdehnungsgefäßanordnung
Stagnation behaviour
auf das Entleerungsverhalten von Kollektoranlagen
Dampfbildung im Kollektor
Stagnation behaviourStagnation behaviour
Solar CombisystemsSolar Combisystems
P ditiP ditiPreconditionsPreconditions
andand
RequirementsRequirements
Solar Combisystems
Hot WaterHot Water
Solar Combisystems
Hot WaterHot WaterHot water temperature: 60 °C
Cold water: 6 - 12 °CW a rm w a sse rve rbra uch- Ta ge sprofil
50
60
70
225
250
275
20
30
40
ratu
r [°C
]
150
175
200
enge
[l/h
]
20
-10
0
10
Tem
per
50
75
100
125
Zapf
me
-40
-30
-20
3,11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0
0
25
50
3
Z e it
Solar Combisystems
Space HeatingSpace Heating
Solar Combisystems
Space HeatingSpace Heating
Flow temperature: 30 50 °CFlow temperature: 30 - 50 °CReturn temperature: 20 - 40 °C
Demand:• is not always corresponding to the solar y p g
irradiation
• varies in dependence of ambient temperature, passive solar gains and the internal gains of the p g g
building
Solar Combisystems
Designs
Solar Combisystems
Designs
M
A H1
M
M
S A H1 (H2)
ENERGY SUPPLY TRANSFER, STORAGE, CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION LOAD
S A H1 (H2)
M
H2
S
ENERGY SUPPLY TRANSFER, STORAGE, CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION LOAD
M
ENERGY SUPPLY TRANSFER, STORAGE, CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION LOAD
S A H1 DHW
Solar Combisystems
System using the thermal mass of the building to store the heat
Solar Combisystems
M
M
M
S A H 1 (H 2)
E N E R G Y S U P P L Y T R A N S F E R , S T O R A G E , C O N T R O L A N D D IS T R IB U T IO N L O A D
S A H 1 (H 2)
Solar CombisystemsUsing the domestic hot water to store the heat
Solar Combisystems
A
MM
M
S DHW
ENERG Y SUPPLY TRANSFER, STO RAG E, CO NTRO L AND DISTRIBUTIO N LO AD
S DHW
Solar CombisystemsUsing the domestic hot water to store the heat
Solar Combisystems
A H 1
M
H2
M
S
E N E R G Y S U P P L Y T R A N S F E R , S T O R A G E , C O N T R O L A N D D IS T R IB U T IO N L O A D
S
Solar Combisystems
Using the space heating store to store the heat
Solar Combisystems
M
E N E R G Y S U P P L Y T R A N S F E R , S T O R A G E , C O N T R O L A N D D IS T R IB U T IO N L O A D
S A H 1 D H W
Solar Combisystems
F
Solar Combisystems
From
Complex p
Designs…
Solar CombisystemsSolar Combisystems
…to
Compact
Products
Solar Combisystems19961995Optimisation (SOLVIS)
Solar Combisystems
WarmwasserKollektor
KW
WarmwasserKollektor
HeizkreisKW Heizkreis
35
H yd rau lic C o n n ectio n s
5
S p ace R equ irem ent W eig h t
20
25
30
2 53
3 ,54
4 ,55
m²] 150
200
250
g]
5
10
15
00 ,5
11 ,5
22 ,5[m
0
50
100
[kg
01 2 3
01 2 3
01 2 3
Solar CombisystemsSolar Combisystems
MULTI FAMILY HOUSESMULTI FAMILY HOUSES
Market PenetrationMarket Penetration
1,9 MioHauptwohnsitze
110
80
90
100
ringu
ng [%
] .
50
60
70
nd M
arkt
durc
hdr
20
30
40
Pote
nzia
l un
~ 1 ProzentDurchdringung
0
10
GeschoßwohnbautenGeschoß-wohnbautenwohnbauten
Solutions for Existing Buildings
Development of System ConceptsDevelopment of System Concepts1st Generation - Solar Plant Concepts for MFH(Concept for a small number of flats)
Kollek
torfel
d
KW zung
KW
Rau
mhe
iz
Trinkwasserspeicher
KWKW
Kessel
Development of System Concepts
2nd Generation - Solar Plant Concepts for MFH
Development of System Concepts
lektor
feld Energiespeicher
Raumheizung
Kolle T3 Raumheizung
War
mw
asse
r
Bereitschafts- speicher
Zirk
ulat
ion
T2
KW
W
Kessel
3rd Generation - Solar Plant Concepts for MFHp
Kollek
torfel
d
T3
Energiespeicher
Boiler
Ko
T2
T3
Kaltwasser
Warmwasser
Boiler
Kaltwasser
Boiler
Kessel
Warmwasser
Boiler
Kaltwasser
Warmwasser
Heat distribution via 2-pipe network Domestic hot water preparation via decentralised storage tanksDomestic hot water preparation via decentralised storage tanksPreferred concept for row houses (low energy density)
3rd Generation - Solar Plant Concepts for MFH
ektor
feld Energiespeicher
p
Kollek
T2
T3
Kaltwasser
Warmwasser
Kessel
Kaltwasser
Warmwasser
Kaltwasser
Warmwasser
Heat distribution via a 2-pipe network Decentralised instant hot water preparation Concept for „high energy density) MFH
Compact Heat Distribution Units
Warmwasser
Kaltwasser
1
1 2 39
10°C
45°C
Netz RL1 1
1
4
5
67 820 - 40°C
10
Heizung RL25 - 40°C
Netz VL
1 Absperrventil2 Rückschlagklappe3 Si h h it til
6 Differenzdruckregler7 Zählerpassstück8 Zonen entil
1 11
65°C Heizung VL65°C
3 Sicherheitsventil4 Durchflussgesteuerter
Temperaturregler5 Rücklauftemperaturbegrenzer
8 Zonenventil9 Passstück Kaltwasser10 Zirkulationsbrücke
Advantages of 2-pipe networksAdvantages of 2 pipe networks
Return flow nearly constant at 30°C Id l diti f l th l t
100
Ideal conditions for solar thermal systems
70
80
90 T-Netz-VL T-Netz-RL T-Solarsek.-VL T-Solarsek.-RL T-Puffer-VL
50
60
mpe
ratu
r [°C
]
30
40Tem
0
10
20
027.10.03 00:00 28.10.03 00:00 29.10.03 00:00 30.10.03 00:00 31.10.03 00:00 01.11.03 00:00 02.11.03 00:00 03.11.03 00:00
Advantages of 2 pipe concepts
Distribution losses minimized
Advantages of 2 pipe concepts
Distribution losses minimized
Provides in all cases integration into the space g p
heating system
No problems concerning legionnaires disease
Easy counting of delivered energy for each flat Easy counting of delivered energy for each flat
due to integrated heat meters
Prefabricated heat transfer stations reduce the
labour cost easy and faultless installationlabour cost, easy and faultless installation
System MonitoringSystem Monitoring
120 m
²
TK ll
Wärmeverteilung für56 Wohneinheiten
WMZ n
Kollek
torflä
che 1
2
Neigun
g 30°
TKoll
TAussen
E i36 kW Brauchwasserbereitung
WMZ n
TSol RL
TSol VL
Daten-logger
TSek VL TPo
Energie-speicher7.500 l
Brauchwasserbereitung
KaltwasserWarmwasser
TSek RL
WMZSolar
TPm TNetz VL
T
WMZ nTPu
AutomatischerSystemwart
WMZ Netz
TNetz RL
36 kW Brauchwasserbereitung
KaltwasserWarmwasser
Systemwart
TNH RL
TNH VL
WMZ NH
Gas-brennwert-kessel225 kW Kaltwasser225 kW
Flow and return temperatures
Wärmeverteilnetztemperaturen (Vorlauf und Rücklauf) von 7 Objekten.70
Flow and return temperatures
60
65
ca. 55-65°C
45
50
55
mpe
ratu
r [°C
]
35
40
45
Syst
emte
m
20
25
30 ca. 25-37°C
2015.2.2005 00:00 16.2.2005 00:00 17.2.2005 00:00 18.2.2005 00:00 19.2.2005 00:00 20.2.2005 00:00 21.2.2005 00:00
Low return temperatures of 30°C are necessary for an p yoptimised operation of solar thermal systems
System Efficiency –Annual system utilization
Ecellent system utilization between 80 and 90% are possible with 2 pipe networks!with 2-pipe networks!
Local District Heating – Hamburg GermanyLocal District Heating – Hamburg, Germany
Source: ITW, University Stuttgart
Local District Heating - Steinfurt-Borghorst, GermanyLocal District Heating Steinfurt Borghorst, Germany
Source: ITW, University Stuttgart
Local District Heating with Seasonal Storage
llekt
orfe
ld
llekt
orfe
ld
Local District Heating with Seasonal Storage
Hydraulische Weicheoder Pufferspeicher
Heizzentrale
Kolle
Kolle
Kaltwasser
Heiz-kessel
TW ZK
HeizzentraleWärme-übergabe-station
Wärme-übergabe-station
Wärmeübergabestation mitdirekter Heizungsanbindung
Wärmeübergabestation mitindirekter Heizungseinbindung
KaltwasserKaltwasser
SolarnetzWärmeverteilnetz
direkter Heizungsanbindungund Trinkwasserbereitungim Durchflußprinzip
indirekter Heizungseinbindungund Trinkwasserbereitungmit Speicherladesystem
Langzeit-Wärmespeicher
Source: ITW, University Stuttgart
Seasonal Heat StoragesKies-Wasser-WärmespeicherHeißwasser-Wärmespeicher
Seasonal Heat Storages
Erdsonden-Wärmespeicher Aquifer-Wärmespeicher
District Heating – 1 MW GrazDistrict Heating – 1 MWth, Graz
District Heating – 1 MW GrazDistrict Heating – 1 MWth, Graz
District Heating – 3MW AEVG Graz AustriaDistrict Heating – 3MWth, AEVG, Graz, Austria
Solar District HeatingSolar District Heating –– Marstal DKMarstal DK –– 1313 MWthSolar District HeatingSolar District Heating Marstal, DKMarstal, DK 13 13 MWth
District Heating - EibiswaldDistrict Heating - Eibiswald
Solar assisted biomass district heating plant, Eibiswald with an installed capacity of 875 kWth, (1250 m² collector array)