1 The Republic of Rwanda (hereinafter “Rwanda”) established a long-term development plan called “VISION 2020” in 2000 to announce its aim to develop the country to a middle-income country by 2020. Regarding the water resource development and water supply, the plan is aimed at improving the water supply coverage of 52% as of 2000 (according to the definition provided by the Rwanda Ministry of Infrastructure (hereinafter “MININFRA”)) to 100% by 2020. The Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy 2 (EDPRS II) brought forward the goal to attain the water supply coverage of 100% by 2018. The ratio of people who use water resources that have been treated for water supply is 87% in the urban area and 72% in the rural area (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, hereinafter, “JMP,” 2015), relatively higher in the former than in the latter. On the other hand, advancing urbanization has resulted in a rapid increase in the urbanization rate from 19.3% to 28.8% in the last ten years (JMP, 2015). In Kigali City which is the capital city of Rwanda, in particular, the urban population growth rate is expected to reach 4.1% to 5.8% by 2025. The water service has not caught up with this rapid population growth. Furthermore, shortage of amount of water resources and a great deal of water leakage are causing water to be supplied only for a short time, eight hours on the average, and making constant restriction or stop of water supply unavoidable. Therefore, the Water and Sanitation Corporation (hereinafter “WASAC 1 ”) in 1 WASAC is an organization formed in 2014 under the supervision of MININFRA by creating an independent entity of the water supply and sanitary departments of the Energy, Water and Sanitation Authority, which was established in 2012 as the organization for implementation, planning, and monitoringof JICA Project Brief Note Rwanda Project for Strengthening Non-revenue Water Control in Kigali City Water Network June 2017 1. Project Background and Problems Republic of Rwanda Project Location Map
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The Republic of Rwanda (hereinafter
“Rwanda”) established a long-term development
plan called “VISION 2020” in 2000 to announce
its aim to develop the country to a middle-income
country by 2020. Regarding the water resource
development and water supply, the plan is aimed at
improving the water supply coverage of 52% as of
2000 (according to the definition provided by the
Rwanda Ministry of Infrastructure (hereinafter
“MININFRA”)) to 100% by 2020. The Economic
Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy 2
(EDPRS II) brought forward the goal to attain the
water supply coverage of 100% by 2018. The ratio
of people who use water resources that have been
treated for water supply is 87% in the urban area
and 72% in the rural area (WHO/UNICEF Joint
Monitoring Programme, hereinafter, “JMP,” 2015),
relatively higher in the former than in the latter. On
the other hand, advancing urbanization has resulted
in a rapid increase in the urbanization rate from
19.3% to 28.8% in the last ten years (JMP, 2015).
In Kigali City which is the capital city of Rwanda,
in particular, the urban population growth rate is
expected to reach 4.1% to 5.8% by 2025. The
water service has not caught up with this rapid
population growth. Furthermore, shortage of
amount of water resources and a great deal of
water leakage are causing water to be supplied
only for a short time, eight hours on the average,
and making constant restriction or stop of water
supply unavoidable. Therefore, the Water and
Sanitation Corporation (hereinafter “WASAC1”) in
1WASAC is an organization formed in 2014 under the supervision
of MININFRA by creating an independent entity of the water
supply and sanitary departments of the Energy, Water and
Sanitation Authority, which was established in 2012 as the
organization for implementation, planning, and monitoringof
JICA Project Brief Note
Rwanda
Project for Strengthening Non-revenue Water Control in Kigali City
Water Network June 2017
1. Project Background and Problems
Republic of Rwanda Project Location Map
2
charge of water service under the supervision of
MININFRA is pursuing a target of ensuring the
water supply quantity of Kigali and promoting a
plan to double the water supply quantity in Kigali
as of 2015 by the end of 2017 by implementing
plans for constructing a new purification plant and
expanding an existing purification plant through
public-private partnerships(PPP).
However, Kigali, despite its limited amount of
water resources, had a high Non-Revenue Water
(NRW)(the portion of the treated water that has
been produced at the water treatment plants and is
leaked, stolen, not measured, etc. Before it reaches
the customer, which is revenue loss) rate of 25% to
38% in 2015 (result of JICA Detailed Planning
Survey in January 2016). Therefore, WASAC
urgently needs to undertake improvement in
quantity of water supplied, and improvement in the
financial performance of WASAC as a whole,
through measures for NRW reduction. Under these
circumstances, a request was made for this Project
in June 2015 with the aim of the enhancement of
technical capacity regarding NRW reduction
measures and the construction of sustainable
systems. In the project, since Kigali has about half
the piping length of the urban water supply
network in the entire country (2,400 km), use of
this Project in Kigali as a model for NRW
reduction of Rwanda will allow WASAC to spread
the effect to other cities. Implementation period of
the project is from July 2016 to June 2019, and the
following is an outline of its progress as of June
2017 (at the end of Phase 1).
policy regarding energy, water supply, and sanitation.
2.1 Project objective and outputs
The objective of this project is to strengthen the
capability of WASAC to carry out measures to
reduce non-revenue water in Kigali City in a
planned manner, and the above 4 outputs were
adopted as indices for the achievement of the
objective.
2.2 Project implementation system
The implementing agencies of this project are
Urban Water and Sanitation Services (UWSS) and
Commercial Services (CS) of WASAC, with
MININFRA as the supervising ministry. CS has
jurisdiction over 20 branches of WASAC
throughout the country, but the branches directly
2. Approach to Problem Solving
【Overall Goal】
WASAC conducts NRW reduction
measures as planned for Kigali city.
【Project Purpose】
WASAC's capacity is enhanced to
conduct NRW reduction measures as
planned for Kigali city.
【Output 1】
Planning capacity of NRW reduction of
WASAC is enhanced.
【Output 2】
Basic knowledge, skills and technique on
NRW control are acquired by WASAC.
【Output 3】
WASAC learned how to conduct NRW
reduction measures through the
implementation of the Pilot Project.
【Output 4】
4 branches in Kigali establish the system to
measure NRW rates accurately.
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involved in this project are 4 branches in Kigali
city: Kacyiru, Gikondo, New Nyarugenge, and
Nyamirambo. The Counterparts (hereafter, “C/P”)
that are the implementing organizations of
WASAC that are the subject of the technology
transfer in this project are the staff of UWSS and
CS. The head of UWSS was appointed as the
Project Director, the Section Head of the
Non-revenue Water Section of UWSS was
appointed as Manager.
Fig. 1: WASAC organization chart
In addition, immediately after commencement of
the project, the Management Team was organized
to produce the 5-year Strategic Action Plan for
Non-revenue Water Reduction, with the head of
the Urban Water and Sanitation Services as the
leader. Furthermore, an Action Team was
organized including mainly technical staff
members that will carry out the actual non-revenue
water reduction measures in pilot project.
Fig. 2: Project implementation system
2.3 Project outputs and approaches
(1) Activities regarding Output 1
Despite the fact that non-revenue water is the
major issue in WASAC, WASAC does not have a
specific strategy to deal with non-revenue water.
Therefore, by formulating the 5-year Strategic
Action Plan for Non-revenue Water Reduction in
this project, the activities will become specific, and
it will be required that the WASAC plan
formulation capabilities be improved in the process
of formulating this plan. The following work will
be carried out jointly by the JICA Experts and the
Counterparts.
1) Evaluation of the details of the non-revenue
water reduction measures currently being
implemented by WASAC, and identification of
issues.
In order to determine the status of water supply
MININFRA
Rural Water Services(RWS)
Board of Directors
WASAC
Water and Sanitation
Development Services (WSDS)
Director Urban Water and
Sanitation Services(UWSS)Commercial Services(CS) Financial Sservices(CFO) Support Services(SS)
NRW Management Team MembersOfficials from MININFRA
JICA Experts Team
Project Director (PD) : Director of UWSS
Project Manager (PM): Manager of NRW, UWSS
NRW Management TeamLeader: Director of UWSSCo-leader: Director of CS
Director of CFOMember: Manager of NRW, UWSS
Manager of Water Operation Services(WOS), UWSSManager of Utility Planning Services, UWSSManager of Revenue Management Services (RMS), CSManager of Customer Service Management (CSM), CS
NRW Action TeamLeader: Head of leak detection and pressure management,