Rwanda genocide

RWANDA GENOCIDEAdeniyi David BanjoNOVERMBER, 2015

GOALS

• At the end of the presentation students will be able

to…• Define Genocide.• Identify the long-term and short-term causes of

the genocide in Rwanda.• Analyse some of the consequences of western

colonialism on African nations.• Evaluate the effort made to halt the genocide.• Explain the long-term implication of the

Rwanda genocide.

KEY TERMS

• Hutu and Tutsi

• Genocide

• Rwanda Patriot Front

• Massacre

MAP

DERIVATION OF THE WORDGENOCIDE

• Geno: from the reek wordGenos, meaning birth, race of a similar kind

• Cide: from latin cida meaning to cut, kill

WHAT IS GENOCIDE

• Genocide is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a

state or other authority intends to destroy a group, so that

group and membership in it are defined by the perpetrator.

Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn “History and sociology of Genocide”

UNITED NATIONS DEFINITION OF GENOCIDE

• Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a nation, ethnical, racial or religious group, such as:

a) Killing members of the group; b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of

the group;c) Deliberating inflicting on the group conditions of life

calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or part in;

d) Imposing measures intends to prevent births within the group;

e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

HISTORY

• Gained independence from Belgium in 1962.

• Official languages are KINYARWANDA, FRENCH AND

ENGLISH.

• Capital is KIGALI located in central Rwanda.

• Land area roughly 26340km square.

• Population before genocide: 7million

• Ethnic composition of 85% Hutu, 14% Tutsi and 1% others.

• 47% of the population is under 15 years old.

FACTS ABOUT THE RWANDA GENOCIDE

• The genocide started April 1994.

• Its lasted for 100 days.

• Weapons used are; AK-47 and Machetes, Machetes is the most

common use because it is cheap.

• About 800 000 people were killed.

• An International War Crimes Tribunal has been set up in Arusha,

Tanzania, to try leaders of the genocide. However, no death sentences

can be given.

• Unlike the genocides of Armenians in 1915, and Jews in 1941-5, the

genocide in Rwanda was not kept secret.

• Most of the casualties were Tutsi.

• Children where the most targeted in the massacre.

LONG-TERM CAUSES OF THE GENOCIDE

• Belgian colonial policies;

• Identification of Hutus and Tutsi tribes

• Empowerment of Tutsi minority as ruling class

• Tutsi were given privileges such as western education

style, which majority of Hutus were excluded from

• Educated Tutsi began to question colonial rule

• Belgian pulled a “Turn Face” and began to favour the Hutu

majority

• Hutus assumed power and began system oppression of

Tutsi minority

SHORT-TERM CAUSES OF THE GENOCIDE

• In 1990, RPF invaded Rwanda and a civil war broke

against the Francophone backed Hutus.

• Ethnic tension began to increase, and the ideology that

Tutsi wanted to enslave and murdered Hutus emerge.

• A ceased fire was ordered in 1993.

• On April 6th, 1994, Rwanda President Habyarimana’s plane

was shot down near KIGALI airport, and the GENOCIDE

began.

MAIN EVENTS

• Civil war which resulted to 800, 000 corpse.

• The Hutu extremist radio RTLM, and also the state

supported radio- Rwanda, encouraged the mass murder of

the “cockroaches”. These cockroaches were Tutsis and

Hutu moderates.

• With the UNA not allowed to fire at anyone who wasn’t

directly shooting at them, there was nobody to stop the

Hutus extremists from massacring anyone that they

wanted.

• Attack on UN Belgian solders.

Bullet holes on school where Hutus raided and murdered hiding Tutsi

Clothes of 10,000 Tutsi massacred where they are hiding in a catholic church

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZJYAOrqsA8

INTERNATIONAL ACTORS AND INTEREST

• The U.S.A chose to ignore the Rwanda Genocide.

• The United nations was inactive.

• International troops were only deployed to rescue foreigners.

• Belgium a formal colonial master.

• The French supported the genocide.• The French helped to train the Hutus Militia. • They were also accused of murdering an hiding the Tutsi.

How the genocide ended

• The RPF is the Rwanda Patriotic Front.

• It was created in 1987 by the Tutsi refugee Diasporas in Uganda.

• The RPF took control of the situation by cutting off supply routes and took advantage of the deteriorating social order.

• They took control of the capital KIGALI.

• After the RPF got the genocide over with, they RPF became the dominant political party.

AFTER THE GENOCIDE

• The RPF maintained power • Rwanda was left with a crisis amongst the children. Many of which were either orphaned or forced to join the massacre, leaving them with haunting memories.• In 2003 General Paul Kagame who lead the Invasion in 1994, became Rwanda first elected president since the Genocide.• Rwanda now looks towards the future, by promoting

FORGIVENESS and tackling economic growth, Human rights and environmental concerns.

“…none of the troops moved. ‘it’s not our mandate,’ said one, leaning against his jeep as he watched the condemned woman, the driving rain splashing at his blue UNITED NATIONS badge”.

-guardian.co.uk

CONCLUSION

The Rwanda is considered a SUCCESS story after the

genocide based on its growth and way of dealing with the

Genocide.

Question to Ponder…

Who is at fault?