Russian History Early Russia In the early 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th, and 6 th centuries, Russia was unstable and suffered from a series of nomadic invasions In.

Russian HistoryRussian History

Early RussiaEarly Russia

In the early 3In the early 3rdrd, 4, 4thth, , 55thth, and 6, and 6thth centuries, Russia centuries, Russia was unstable and was unstable and suffered from a suffered from a series of nomadic series of nomadic invasionsinvasions

Early RussiaEarly Russia

Later, around the Later, around the 1111thth and 12 and 12thth centuries, Russia centuries, Russia experienced a experienced a massive massive emigration of emigration of slavic people into slavic people into the countrythe country

MuscovyMuscovy

During its rule under the Byzantine During its rule under the Byzantine empire, Russia was governed by empire, Russia was governed by Muscovy (Moscow for all you non Muscovy (Moscow for all you non Russians…)Russians…)

In 1547, Ivan the Terrible became In 1547, Ivan the Terrible became the first official Tsar of Russia. He the first official Tsar of Russia. He more or less had absolute rulemore or less had absolute rule

Russia as an EmpireRussia as an Empire

After Ivan the Terrible and until After Ivan the Terrible and until modern times, Russia became modern times, Russia became obsessed with conquering adjacent obsessed with conquering adjacent countries and integrating them into countries and integrating them into their societytheir society

Russia was involved in a number of Russia was involved in a number of wars, including the Napoleonic wars wars, including the Napoleonic wars with Napoleon of France in the early with Napoleon of France in the early 1800s1800s

Russia as an EmpireRussia as an Empire

In the late 1800s, Russia was still a In the late 1800s, Russia was still a mostly agrarian society, but lack of mostly agrarian society, but lack of reforms among other things led to reforms among other things led to unrest.unrest.

In the early 1900s, Russia’s Tsar-In the early 1900s, Russia’s Tsar-dom was overthrown, and Marxists dom was overthrown, and Marxists came into powercame into power

The Communist PartyThe Communist Party The Bolsheviks that The Bolsheviks that

were now in charge were now in charge under leadership of under leadership of Lenin called Lenin called themselves the themselves the Communist party Communist party

The soviet Union was The soviet Union was formed in 1922 when formed in 1922 when the Bolsheviks Red the Bolsheviks Red army defeated the army defeated the White army’s White army’s oppositionopposition

StalinStalin

Stalin gained power after Lenin’s Stalin gained power after Lenin’s deathdeath

He is a famous tyrant.He is a famous tyrant. Millions of people were killed and Millions of people were killed and

executed by Stalin do to his fear of executed by Stalin do to his fear of their oppositiontheir opposition

Russia at warRussia at war

Russia was Russia was involved in World involved in World War IIWar II

They initially They initially fought with fought with Germany, and Germany, and ended fighting ended fighting against themagainst them

ColdnessColdness

Khrushchev came into rule next. He Khrushchev came into rule next. He ruled Russia during cold war with ruled Russia during cold war with the USA. This was more of a mental the USA. This was more of a mental war filled with competition and war filled with competition and threats.threats.

Trying to save Trying to save CommunismCommunism

President President Gorbachev ruled Gorbachev ruled next. He next. He attempted to attempted to modernize modernize Communism but Communism but ultimately failed ultimately failed and the soviet and the soviet union fell apartunion fell apart

BorisBoris

Boris Yeltsin declared the end of Boris Yeltsin declared the end of Communist rule in Russia.Communist rule in Russia.

This did not end the stress in Russia, This did not end the stress in Russia, and there were still ethnic wars.and there were still ethnic wars.

TodayToday

Vladmir Putin was Vladmir Putin was elected prime elected prime minister of Russia minister of Russia in 2000, and is in 2000, and is helping Russia to helping Russia to gain economic gain economic growthgrowth

GeographyGeography

Area – 17,075,200 sq. Km (1.8x USA, 11.5% of Earth’s land)

Ural Mountains

• Often considered natural boundary between Europe and Asia

• Named for the Uralian hunter-gather society

• Large deposits of gold, platinum, coal, steel, silver, and other minerals

• Among the oldest Mountain Ranges in the World

• 250-300 million years

Mount El'brus 5,633 meters (18,481 ft.)

Tallest

Peak

In

Europe

Lake BaikalLake Baikal

• Holds nearly 20% of the world’s unfrozen freshwater

World’s

Deepest

Freshwater

Lake

Max Depth

5315 Ft.

• Russia spans 11 time zones

• 75% of population lives in European Russia

• Most between St. Petersburg and Moscow

• Not many people move East ….

SiberiaSiberia

• Lots of Ice

• Travel between villages often by helicopter

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

• 17% of World’s Crude oil • 25-30% of World’s Natural Gas

• 6% of World Coal Production

Timber

• 40% of Russian Land is Forested

• 6.8 million sq. Km

• Equal to 75% of USA land Mass

• 22% of Total World Forest Cover

Despite natural resources and immense size of Russia, “formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources” (CIA.gov)

AgricultureAgriculture

• Russia has only 7-8% arable land - 1.2 million Sq. km• USA – 1.7 million Sq. km• France – 227,000

Despite potential farm lands, climate and poor soil conditions limited agricultural production

Grains occupy 50% of cropland

Early and successful examples of industrialization in Europe have been closely associated with improvements in the productivity of land, labor, and capital employed in agricultural production.

Russia’s unfortunate geographic location certainly delayed their industrialization process

“We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or we shall be crushed”

- Joseph Stalin, 1931

Agriculture in Agriculture in RussiaRussia

http://www.kukushka.ru/sob/2001-10a.htmlhttp://www.kukushka.ru/sob/2001-10a.html

Agriculture in Soviet Agriculture in Soviet UnionUnion

Command economyCommand economy No personal profit from productionNo personal profit from production Colhoz = collective farm; workers Colhoz = collective farm; workers

were paid a share of productionwere paid a share of production Sovhoz = Soviet farm; workers Sovhoz = Soviet farm; workers

received salariesreceived salaries In practice, almost the sameIn practice, almost the same Still exist todayStill exist today

Modern AgricultureModern Agriculture

Market economyMarket economy Private farms started to develop after Private farms started to develop after

the collapse of the Soviet Unionthe collapse of the Soviet Union Tractor-drawn plow most commonly Tractor-drawn plow most commonly

used to cultivate large fieldsused to cultivate large fields Most of the food produced is organic Most of the food produced is organic

because farmers cannot afford because farmers cannot afford industrial fertilizer, hormones, etc.industrial fertilizer, hormones, etc.

http://as.baikal.tv/news/nimg/2004_05_14/big/V%20-%20Posevnaya0741.jpghttp://as.baikal.tv/news/nimg/2004_05_14/big/V%20-%20Posevnaya0741.jpg

DachaDacha

Small plots of land owned Small plots of land owned by individualsby individuals

Often cultivated by Often cultivated by HORTICULTURE!!!HORTICULTURE!!!

And that is me And that is me doing horticulture doing horticulture on our Dachaon our Dacha

Russian Russian LanguageLanguage

Basic characteristicsBasic characteristics Dialects- North and South (and Central)Dialects- North and South (and Central) Notable for palatalizationNotable for palatalization 33 letter alphabet (Cyrillic)33 letter alphabet (Cyrillic)

Page from Russian “ABC” book in 1694

HistoryHistory SlavsSlavs 1010thth Century, emergence of Western, Century, emergence of Western,

Southern and Eastern Slavonic Southern and Eastern Slavonic language groupslanguage groups

Eastern group gave rise to modern Eastern group gave rise to modern RussianRussian

Indo-European Balto-Slavic Slavic East Slavic Russian

Historic PeriodsHistoric Periods Kievan period and feudal breakupKievan period and feudal breakup The Tatar yoke and the Grand Duchy The Tatar yoke and the Grand Duchy

of Lithuania of Lithuania The Moscovite period (15th–17th The Moscovite period (15th–17th

centuries) centuries) Empire (18th–19th centuries) Empire (18th–19th centuries) Soviet period and beyond (20th Soviet period and beyond (20th

century) century)

Characterized by major reforms that shifted the language from Germanic to Modern Russian

Painting of Slavs during Middle Ages

Battle of the Slavs and Scythians

GeographyGeography

Official Language of: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, and Gagauzia.

ReligionReligion Russian Orthodox Russian Orthodox

15-20% 15-20% Muslim Muslim

10-15% 10-15% Other Christian Other Christian

2% 2%

Large Number of non Large Number of non practicing believers practicing believers and non believers.and non believers.

Jewish population has Jewish population has been decreasing since been decreasing since the 1980’s.the 1980’s.

JudaismJudaism

Jewish is considered a nationality rather Jewish is considered a nationality rather than a religion in Russia.than a religion in Russia.

Russian OrthodoxRussian Orthodox Made the state Made the state

religion of Russia in religion of Russia in 988 A.D. by Prince 988 A.D. by Prince Vladimir.Vladimir.

The church was The church was subordinate to the subordinate to the patriarch of patriarch of Constantinople Constantinople (present day (present day Istanbul), the seat Istanbul), the seat of the Byzantine of the Byzantine empire.empire.

Russian Orthodox Russian Orthodox ContinuedContinued

Church activities Church activities greatly suppressed greatly suppressed under Soviet rule.under Soviet rule.

Russian Orthodox Russian Orthodox underwent a underwent a religious religious awakening as awakening as communism began communism began to decrease and to decrease and the Soviet Union the Soviet Union dissolved.dissolved.

IslamIslam Almost all Russian Almost all Russian

Muslims adhere to Muslims adhere to the Sunni branch of the Sunni branch of Islam.Islam.

There are a few There are a few regions of Russia regions of Russia that do not practice that do not practice the Sunni branch, the Sunni branch, but Sufism. The but Sufism. The most notable region most notable region is Chechnya.is Chechnya.

Islam ContinuedIslam Continued There is still mistrust There is still mistrust

and suspicion among and suspicion among the Muslims and the the Muslims and the Russian government.Russian government.

Starting in 1995 the Starting in 1995 the Union of Muslims of Union of Muslims of Russia led by Imam Russia led by Imam Khatyb Mukaddas of Khatyb Mukaddas of Tatarstan is trying to Tatarstan is trying to end this misconception end this misconception that Islam is an that Islam is an extremist religion.extremist religion.

Other ChristiansOther Christians

Other Christian Other Christian sects include a sects include a small population of small population of Protestant sects Protestant sects and a small and a small population of population of Roman Catholics.Roman Catholics.

PopulationPopulation

2002 Census: 145,166,731 2002 Census: 145,166,731

Birth rate: 9.95/1000 (2006)Birth rate: 9.95/1000 (2006)

Death rate: 14.65/1000 (2006)Death rate: 14.65/1000 (2006)

Life expectancy: 67.08 years Life expectancy: 67.08 years (2006)(2006)

EducationEducation

Education is wide spread and Education is wide spread and fundamental to Russian society:fundamental to Russian society:

Literacy: Age 15 or older-read and Literacy: Age 15 or older-read and writewrite

male: 99.99%male: 99.99%

female: 97%female: 97%

Constitution of RussiaConstitution of Russia

The Soviet Constitution of 1977The Soviet Constitution of 1977 Men and Women have equal rightsMen and Women have equal rights Women have equal access to:Women have equal access to:

educationeducation

trainingtraining

employmentemployment

promotionspromotions

remunerationremuneration

particularly in social, cultural, and political particularly in social, cultural, and political activity.activity.

Women outside the homeWomen outside the home Labor Force:Labor Force:

26 million, 47% of the industrial, office, and 26 million, 47% of the industrial, office, and other jobs outside the home. In war years, other jobs outside the home. In war years, 55%. (1961)55%. (1961)

Military: Over 32,000 serve as officers, Military: Over 32,000 serve as officers, ensigns, and warrant officers serve under ensigns, and warrant officers serve under the Ministry of Defense.the Ministry of Defense.

710-taken part in military action 710-taken part in military action and armed conflict and armed conflict

80,000-soldiers/sergeants80,000-soldiers/sergeants500,000- civilian positions within 500,000- civilian positions within

Defense Ministry.Defense Ministry.

Women and IncomeWomen and Income

Although women were legally granted Although women were legally granted equal rights for job positions and pay, equal rights for job positions and pay, the reality is far from it.the reality is far from it.

1995 Men in health care earned on 1995 Men in health care earned on avg. 50% more than women in the avg. 50% more than women in the same field.same field.

engineers- males earn 40% moreengineers- males earn 40% more

Avg. pay for women in all fields below Avg. pay for women in all fields below overall national avg.overall national avg.

Divorce RateDivorce Rate

““double burden”-Women see role of double burden”-Women see role of woman in family as more difficult woman in family as more difficult than man. => Dissatisfaction.than man. => Dissatisfaction.

1983- divorce rate: 4.1/10001983- divorce rate: 4.1/1000 1993- 4.5/10001993- 4.5/1000 20% of families were run by single 20% of families were run by single

parentparent

Mom= 94% of cases (1993)Mom= 94% of cases (1993)

Women in governmentWomen in government

As the Constitution declared, women had the As the Constitution declared, women had the right to be involved in politics with men.right to be involved in politics with men.

Within the Cabinet, the Minister of Social Within the Cabinet, the Minister of Social Protection was traditionally seen as a Protection was traditionally seen as a woman’s role.woman’s role.

Prior 1995- Women held 10% of ParliamentPrior 1995- Women held 10% of Parliament

-57/450 seats in the State of Duma-57/450 seats in the State of Duma

-9/178 seats in the Upper House of -9/178 seats in the Upper House of Parliament, the Federal CouncilParliament, the Federal Council

Fukurokuju Fukurokuju

Japenese godJapenese god Health/FitnessHealth/Fitness One of seven One of seven

gods of good gods of good fortunefortune

18901890 Sergey Malyutin (painter)Sergey Malyutin (painter) Seven siblings (lucky Seven siblings (lucky

number)number) teach kids about teach kids about motherhood and fertilitymotherhood and fertility

MatryoshkaMatryoshka Nested DollsNested Dolls BabushkaBabushka Comes from Comes from

Matryona (symbol Matryona (symbol of Russian woman, of Russian woman, corpulent=fertilitycorpulent=fertility))

Same symbol in Same symbol in “War and Peace” “War and Peace” (Natasha)(Natasha)

Latin Latin “Mater”=mother“Mater”=mother

MatryoshkaMatryoshka Follows a theme: Putin, Eltsyn, Follows a theme: Putin, Eltsyn,

Gorbachev, Brezhnev, Khrushchev, Gorbachev, Brezhnev, Khrushchev, Stalin, Lenin, Nikolay II, Ekaterina Stalin, Lenin, Nikolay II, Ekaterina the Great and Peter(I) the Great. the Great and Peter(I) the Great.

Russian Parkour VideoRussian Parkour Video

Gives a view of buildings built during Gives a view of buildings built during communist times.communist times.

Go to 2:00Go to 2:00

Link: Click HereLink: Click Here

File:File:Russian Parkour.lnk

SourcesSources

http://atheism.about.com/library/http://atheism.about.com/library/world/KZ/bl_RussiaIslam.htm?world/KZ/bl_RussiaIslam.htm?terms=Russian+Muslimsterms=Russian+Muslims

http://atheism.about.com/library/http://atheism.about.com/library/world/KZ/world/KZ/bl_RussiaOrthodoxHistory.htmbl_RussiaOrthodoxHistory.htm

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rs.htmlfactbook/geos/rs.html

http://russia-in-us.com/Religion/http://russia-in-us.com/Religion/

ReferencesReferences

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-34437/Ural-Mountainshttp://www.britannica.com/eb/article-34437/Ural-Mountains

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/rs.htmhttps://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/rs.htm

http://www.russianembassy.org/RUSSIA/GEOGRAF.HTMhttp://www.russianembassy.org/RUSSIA/GEOGRAF.HTM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_Mountains

http://artsci.shu.edu/reesp/documents/Stalin--industrialization.htmhttp://artsci.shu.edu/reesp/documents/Stalin--industrialization.htm

http://www.hrvg.org/project/erminmink/landscape/ural.htmhttp://www.hrvg.org/project/erminmink/landscape/ural.htm

http://www.irkutsk.org/baikal/encicl.htmhttp://www.irkutsk.org/baikal/encicl.htm

http://newsroom.wri.org/wrifeatures_text.cfm?ContentID=1055http://newsroom.wri.org/wrifeatures_text.cfm?ContentID=1055

http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/cbio/russia.htmlhttp://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/cbio/russia.html

http://www.country-studies.com/russia/agriculture.htmlhttp://www.country-studies.com/russia/agriculture.html

http://http://www.barynya.comwww.barynya.com http://arts.anu.edu.auhttp://arts.anu.edu.au www.33ff.com www.33ff.com www.Answers.com www.Answers.com www.Wikipedia.com www.Wikipedia.com http://www.buddhamuseum.com/fukurokuju-http://www.buddhamuseum.com/fukurokuju-

hojitsu.htmlhojitsu.html http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukurokujuhttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukurokuju http://www.russlandjournal.de/en/traditional/http://www.russlandjournal.de/en/traditional/

matryoshka.htmlmatryoshka.html http://www.civilization.ca/tresors/immigration/elem/http://www.civilization.ca/tresors/immigration/elem/

img/im0344b.jpgimg/im0344b.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia