Russian history a timeline

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONGroup members: Farkhunda Eid Muhammad , Sumaira Saeed and Talha Mehtab

RUSSIAN HISTORY – A TIMELINE

9th century– Slavic people from Ukraine and Belarus migrate into Russia,

founding Veliky Novgorod, converting to Christianity, and adopting the Cyrillic

alphabet

10-15th centuries – Golden age of KievanRus continues until the Mongol

descendants of Genghis Khan invade

17th century – Time of troubles

1603-1613: the Swedes and Poles invade. Russia acquires new Siberian

territory. First Romanov is elected a Tsar

1703 – Peter the Great founds St Petersburg, which becomes the new Russian

capital in 1712

1725 – A princess from Germany marries into the Romanovs, becoming

Catherine the Great (1762-1796). Famous for progressive reform, infamous for her

lovers

1812 – Russia defeats Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon wanted to torture Czar

Alexander I for the way that he lead the Continental System, but Alexander knew

Napoleon wanted war and instead of attacking head on with his army, Alexander

and his troops retreated deeper and deeper into Russian territory, eventually

leading Napoleon and his troops into a trap

1852 – Decembrists uprising: soldiers and nobles revolt against Czar Nicholas,

who executes and exiles the dissenters.

1894 – Nicholas II takes over as Czar and during his reign, Imperial Russia went

from being one of the greatest powers in the world to an economic disaster.

1905 – Bloody Sunday: national uprising against Tsarist rule. Prompts the

establishment of a national parliament (Duma) in 1906.

1914 – The first World War erupted between Russia, Austria, and Germany.

Eventually a number of other nations, including the United States, joined the war

effort, which became one of the most extreme conflicts in history.

1916 – Wild-eyed, womanizing Rasputin, a Siberian peasant monk, who has the

Czarina Alexandra under his spell, is murdered by Prince Felix Yusupov in St

Petersburg.

1917 – Czar Nicholas II and the Russian government were removed from power

by Russian revolutionaries.

1918 – The last ruling family of Russia, including Czar Nicholas, his wife, and

their five children were executed.

1922-1940 – Under Stalin, the Soviet Union (USSR) becomes a world power

but Stalin’s regime of camps and purges throws Russia into terror.

1941-1945 – The USSR and its allies defeat Nazi Germany in WWII, known in

the USSR as The Great Patriotic War.

1953 – Stalin dies.

1959 – U.S. President Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev, Secretary of the

Communist party, argued the merits of communism and capitalism. This discussion

is known as the Kitchen Debate.

1961 – The first Russian astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, was sent into space.

1985 – New leader Gorbachev’s reforms of perestroika (restructuring) and

glasnost (openness) improve Western relations.

1991-1999 – Yeltsin becomes the first elected president of the new Russian

Federation in 1991. Economic crisis and instability ensues and war with

Chechnya results in numerous victims.

1999-2009 – Native St Petersburg Vladimir Putin takes over and is credited

for re-establishing the rule of law during his eight years in office. Russia

becomes more stable and prosperous, thanks to gas and oil exports. Putin’s

popularity knows no boundaries. Another local, Dmitry Medvedev is elected

President in March 2008 with overwhelming support.

2010 - 8 AprilThe New START treaty, which would cut the nuclear arsenals of

Russia and the United States by a third, was signed.

2012 - 4 March Russian presidential election, 2012: Vladimir Putin won,

earning 63.6 percent of the vote.

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF

RUSSIA

FEDERALISM

Union was highly centralized, it had a federal government structure.

Russian Federation also federal, with the current regime consisting of 83 regions

Putin ended direct election of the 83 regional governors, they are now nominated by the president and confirmed by the regional legislatures

Putin created 7 federal districts with appointed “super governors”

CONSTITUTION OF 1993

March 1993 parliament attempted to impeach Yeltsin

Legislative-led coup tried to take control of the government

Yeltsin dissolved legislature, called for new elections

Although opposition leaders were arrested, Yeltsin’s opponents won the majority in the new legislature

Radical Vladimir Zhirinovsky’s Liberal Party did surprisingly well (reflected disappointments with reforms)

Despite losing control of the legislature Yeltsin was able to get approval for the new constitution: Constitution of 1993

CONSTITUTION OF 1993

Created a three-branch

government

President & Prime Minister

(dual executive)

Lower legislative house

(Duma)

Constitutional Court (has

power of judicial review)

Mixed

Presidential/Parliamentary

system

POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

Present is the head of the state.

The Present serves the country for four years but some amendments were made in 2008 ( six years)

The President’s house is in Kremlin Moscow.

He is elected by votes.

Powers/authorities of the President

He is responsible to define the domestic and foreign policy guidelines of the state.

He shall perform the duty of Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Force.

He is responsible to resolve conflicts.

He is responsible to elect Prime Minister.

He is responsible to ensure the rights of the citizens.

He is the guarantor of the constitution.

He is also responsible to protect the state.

PRIME MINISTER

Prime Minister is the head of the government.

The Prime Minister is selected by the President and approved by the Duma.

The White House is the Government house situated in Moscow.

Duties of the Government

It ensures the implementation of the domestic as well as the foreign policy.

It ensures the law, freedom and human rights in the state.

It ensures the implementation of the financial and monetary policy.

It makes the draft of the federal budget.

BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE

Duma

Lower House

450 deputies

All chosen by proportional

representation

Passes Bills, approves

budgets

Confirms president’s political

appointments (PM)

Votes of confidence (PM)

Impeach president

Federation Council

Upper House

Two members from each of

the 83 regions

Half now appointed by

president

Confirm judicial appointment

Power to delay legislation

Ratify treaties

Approve troop deployments

JUDICIARY

The Court of General Jurisdiction

Created by 1993 Constitution

Serves as final court of appeals in criminal & civil cases

Constitutional Court

Created by 1993 Constitutions.

19 members

Has power of judicial review and makes sure the implementation of laws.

Arbitration Court

Resolves the disputes of property or land between two parties.

POLITICAL PARTIES

The names of the political parties of Russia are following:

Communist Party (Gennady Zyuganov)

The ideology of Communist Party is based on communism.

United Russia (Putin)

The ideology of United Russia is based on centrism, conservatism and statism.

Liberal Democratic Party (Vladimir Zhirinovsky)

The ideology of LDP is based on Russian nationalism, populism.

Yabloko ( Yavlinsky)

The ideology of Yabloko Party is based on Social liberalism.

HUMAN RIGHTS

What is meant by human rights?

Human rights are the rights inherent to all

human beings, whatever our nationality, place

of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin,

color, religion and language or any other status.

Condition of human rights in

Russia

Russia super power country. It is an

independent federal state. The condition of

human right in Russia is neither good nor bad.

There are so many ENGo’s working in Russia

for the betterment of the quality of life. The

President of Russia has banned on gay system

and passed an anti-gay bill but inspite of these

efforts the condition of human rights is worst.

RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES OF MAN AND

CITIZEN

According to the chapter 2 of constitution of 1973 a citizen or man has the following rights.

The state shall guarantee the equality of rights and liberties regardless of sex, origin, nationality, language, race etc.

The dignity of the person shall be protected by the state.

No one may be subjected to torture and violence.

Everyone who is lawfully staying on the territory of Russian Federation shall have the right to freedom of movement and choose the place to reside.

The freedom of the mass media shall be guaranteed.

Citizens shall have the right to have their own land.

Work shall be free.

Everyone shall have the right to health care and medical assistance.

State protection for human rights and liberties shall be guaranteed.

Freedom of thought and speech shall be guaranteed.

Everyone shall be guaranteed protection of his/her rights in a court of law.

ATTACKS ON HUMAN

RIGHTS DEFENDERS

SOCHI OLYMPIC

ISSUE

CRITICISM ON MEDIA MIGRANTS ISSUE

ISSUES OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN RUSSIA

SOCHI WORKERS

ISSUE

ISSUES OF

PALLIATIVE CARE

NGOS IN RUSSIA

The following NGOS are working in Russia for the betterment

of the society and quality of life.

Action Against Hunger

It provides emergency aid and reliefs, nutrition and food

health.

Adventist Development Relief Agency

It helps in economic development and provides humanitarian

assistance.

Academy of Educational Development

It provides education, training in social marketing and works for

the youth and environment development.

America’s Development Foundation

It works for the betterment of civil society and human rights.

Anti Slavery international

It works to stop child labor, forced labor and human rights

Trafficking.