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Country: RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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Documents 1 - 10 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION next 10
JALW 19/12/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-5 `ASH' (R-4) (Size
5643) JALW 19/12/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-2 `ATOLL'
(R-3, R-13) (Size 9356) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE
MISSILES/RUSSIA/S-25LD (Size 4741) JALW 09/11/01 -
*BOMBS/RUSSIA/ZB-500GD and ZB-500ShM FIRE BOMBS (Size 7393) JALW
09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M and RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM
CLUSTER BOMBS (Size 8811) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FZAB-500
BOMB (Size 6304) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND
MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/GUV (VERSATILE HELICOPTER POD) (Size 6905) JALW
09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/SA-16 `GIMLET' (9M313 Igla
1) and SA-18 `GROUSE' (9M39 Igla) (Size 8607) JALW 09/11/01 -
*AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/SA-14 `GREMLIN' (9M36 Strela-3) (Size
5306) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/SA-7 `GRAIL'
(9M32 Strela-2) (Size 7855) next 10
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Documents 11 - 20 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION prev 10
next 10 JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/R-37 (AA-X-13)
(Size 7287) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-12
`ADDER' (R-77) (Size 13231) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR
MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-11 `ARCHER' (R-73, R-74) (Size 15384) JALW
09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-10 `ALAMO' (R-27) (Size
15432) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-9 `AMOS'
(R-33) (Size 7185) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-8
`APHID' (R-60) (Size 8725) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR
MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-7 `APEX' (R-23, R-24) (Size 7001) JALW 09/11/01
- *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-6 `ACRID' (R-40, R-46) (Size 9259)
JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-3 `ANAB' (R-8, R-30,
R-98) (Size 6635) JALW 09/11/01 - *UNDERWATER WEAPONS/RUSSIA/S-3V
ASW BOMB (Size 6290) prev 10 next 10
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Documents 21 - 30 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10
| prev 10 next 10
JALW 09/11/01 - *UNDERWATER WEAPONS/RUSSIA/RUSSIAN TORPEDOES
(Size 17857) JALW 09/11/01 - *UNDERWATER WEAPONS/RUSSIA/RUSSIAN
MINES (Size 17965) JALW 09/11/01 - *UNDERWATER
WEAPONS/RUSSIA/APR-1/-2/-3 LIGHTWEIGHT TORPEDOES (Size 13011) JALW
09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AT-16 (9M120M/9M121
VIKHR-M) (Size 8211) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE
MISSILES/RUSSIA/AT-12 `SWINGER' (9M120 VIKHR/ATAKA) (Size 8504)
JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AT-6/AT-9 `SPIRAL'
(9M114 KOKON/SHTURM) (Size 11002) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-LAUNCHED
ROCKETS/RUSSIA/S-13 (122 mm) AIRCRAFT ROCKETS (Size 11633) JALW
09/11/01 - *AIR-LAUNCHED ROCKETS/RUSSIA/S-8 (80 mm) AIRCRAFT
ROCKETS (Size 13679) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-LAUNCHED
ROCKETS/RUSSIA/S-5 (57 mm) AIRCRAFT ROCKETS (Size 7349) JALW
09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AT-3 `SAGGER' (9M14
MALYUTKA) (Size 8812) first 10 | prev 10 next 10
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Documents 31 - 40 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10
| prev 10 next 10
JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/Kh-41 (3M80
MOSKIT/SS-N-22 `SUNBURN') (Size 8800) JALW 09/11/01 -
*AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-20 `KAYAK'
(Kh-35/3M24/Kh-37)/SS-N-25 (3M60 URAN)/SSC-6 (3K60 BAL) (Size 9394)
JALW 09/11/01 - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-X-19 `KOALA'
(Kh-90/BL-10) (Size 5300) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE
MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-18 `KAZOO' (Kh-59M Ovod-M) (Size 7568) JALW
09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-17 `KRYPTON'
(Kh-31/KR-1) (Size 11549) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE
MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-16 `KICKBACK' (Kh-15/RKV-15) (Size 6857) JALW
09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-15 `KENT'
(Kh-55/RKV-500/Kh-555/Kh-65) (Size 10093) JALW 09/11/01 -
*AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-14 `KEDGE' (Kh-29) (Size 9869)
JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-13 `KINGBOLT'
(Kh-59 OVOD) (Size 7329) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE
MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-12 `KEGLER' (Kh-25 MP/Kh-27) (Size 7115) first
10 | prev 10 next 10
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Documents 41 - 50 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10
| prev 10 next 10
JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-11 `KILTER'
(Kh-58) (Size 6873) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE
MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-10 `KAREN' (Kh-25) (Size 8942) JALW 09/11/01 -
*AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-9 `KYLE' (Kh-28) (Size 5459)
JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-6 `KINGFISH'
(Kh-26 and KSR-5) (Size 5897) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND
MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/SPPU-22 and UPK-23 GUN PODS (Size 7682) JALW
09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/SPPU-6 GUN POD (Size
6131) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/NPPU-280 GUN
TURRET (Size 5606) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND
MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/9A-4273 GUN POD (Size 6191) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS,
PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/2A42 30 mm CANNON (Size 8319) JALW
09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/RUSSIAN AIRCRAFT GUNS
and CANNON (Size 14971) first 10 | prev 10 next 10
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Documents 51 - 60 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10
| prev 10 next 10
JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/ZAB INCENDIARY BOMBS (Size 10262)
JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500U UNIFIED CLUSTER BOMB (Size
14585) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 SPBE-D CLUSTER BOMB
(Size 7709) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 SPBE CLUSTER BOMB
(Size 7067) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 ShOAB-0.5 CLUSTER
BOMB (Size 6295) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 PTAB-1M
CLUSTER BOMB (Size 6826) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500
BetAB CLUSTER BOMB (Size 6849) JALW 09/11/01 -
*BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 AO-2.5 RTM CLUSTER BOMB (Size 7340) JALW
09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-250-275 and RBK-500 CLUSTER BOMBS
(Size 14276) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/OFZAB-500 INCENDIARY
BOMB (Size 5823) first 10 | prev 10 next 10
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Documents 61 - 70 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10
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JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/OFAB BOMBS (Size 17222) JALW
09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/ODAB-500 PM BOMB (Size 6401) JALW 09/11/01
- *BOMBS/RUSSIA/KMG-U DISPENSER and SUBMUNITIONS (Size 11843) JALW
09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/KhAB CHEMICAL BOMBS (Size 16096) JALW
09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/KAB-1500L-F/-Pr LASER-GUIDED BOMBS (Size
8981) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/KAB-500Kr/-500Kr-OD/-1500Kr
GUIDED BOMBS (Size 12117) JALW 09/11/01 -
*BOMBS/RUSSIA/KAB-500L/-500KL LASER-GUIDED BOMBS (Size 9275) JALW
09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FOZAB-500 BOMB (Size 5143) JALW 09/11/01 -
*BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB-100M-62/-250M-62/-500M-62/-1000M-62 BOMBS (Size
9115) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB-250M-54/-500M-54/-1500M-54
BOMBS (Size 7906) first 10 | prev 10 next 10
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Documents 71 - 80 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10
| prev 10 next 10
JALW 09/11/01 -
*BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB-250M-46/-500M-46/-1500M-46/-3000M-46 BOMBS (Size
7430) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB-100M-43 and FAB-250M-43
BOMBS (Size 5709) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB-250ShN and
FAB-500ShN/L BOMBS (Size 8243) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB
BOMBS (Size 10219) JALW 09/11/01 -
*BOMBS/RUSSIA/BetAB-150/-250/-500 PENETRATION BOMBS (Size 9277)
JALW 06/03/01 - *UNDERWATER WEAPONS - UNCLASSIFIED
PROJECTS/CIS/Shkval Torpedo (Size 4608) JALW 06/03/01 - UNDERWATER
WEAPONS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/RPK-8 Zapad (Size 2731) JALW
13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Smolensk Aircraft Manufacturing Plant
(Size 2138) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Precision Mechanical
Engineering Design Bureau (Size 2175) JALW 13/02/01 -
CONTRACTORS/CIS/LOMO Joint Stock Co (Size 2083) first 10 | prev 10
next 10
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Documents 81 - 90 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10
| prev 10 next 10
JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Bazalt State Research and
Production Enterprise (Size 2283) JALW 13/02/01 -
CONTRACTORS/CIS/Zvezda Strela (Size 2096) JALW 13/02/01 -
CONTRACTORS/CIS/Vympel NPO (Size 2208) JALW 13/02/01 -
CONTRACTORS/CIS/Scientific and Production Enterprise (Size 2137)
JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Rosvoorouzhenie (Size 2120) JALW
13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Raduga NPO (Dubna Engineering Plant)
(Size 2218) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Moscow Scientific
Research Institute (MNII) Agat (Size 2281) JALW 13/02/01 -
CONTRACTORS/CIS/Moscow Aggregate Plant Dzerzhinets (Size 2147) JALW
13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/MMPP (Size 2017) JALW 13/02/01 -
CONTRACTORS/CIS/Novator NPO (Size 2003) first 10 | prev 10 next
10
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Documents 91 - 100 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first
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JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Mashinostroenia NPO (Size 2116)
JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/KBM Engineering Design Bureau (Size
2212) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/KBP Instrument Design Bureau
(Size 2213) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Gridropribov (Size
2033) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - IN-SERVICE COMBAT AIRCRAFT AND
THEIR AIR-LAUNCHED WEAPONS CAPABILITIES/CIS (Size 171919) JALW
09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - TORPEDOES/CIS/Torpedoes (Size 5163) JALW
09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - ROCKETS/CIS/Rockets (Size 8594) JALW 09/02/01
- ANALYSIS - ROCKET LAUNCHERS/CIS/Rocket Launchers (Size 4766) JALW
09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - MINES AND DEPTH CHARGES/CIS/Mines and Depth
Charges (Size 5456) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUNS/CIS/37 mm (Size
2589) first 10 | prev 10 next 10
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Documents 101 - 110 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first
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JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUNS/CIS/30 mm (Size 3991) JALW
09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUNS/CIS/23 mm (Size 3509) JALW 09/02/01 -
ANALYSIS - GUNS/CIS/12.7 mm (Size 2658) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS -
GUNS/CIS/7.62 mm (Size 2636) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUN PODS
AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/30 mm (Size 3199) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUN
PODS AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/23 mm (Size 3575) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS -
GUN PODS AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/20 mm (Size 2801) JALW 09/02/01 -
ANALYSIS - GUN PODS AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/12.7 mm (Size 2704) JALW
09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUN PODS AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/7.62 mm (Size
2839) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Cluster Bombs -
Bomblets/Submunitions (Size 9042) first 10 | prev 10 next 10
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Documents 111 - 120 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first
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JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Chemical Weapons -
Submunitions (Size 4109) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS -
BOMBS/CIS/Retarded Bombs and Retarding Systems (Size 3144) JALW
09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Penetrating and Area Denial Bombs
(Size 4282) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Laser Guided Bombs
(Size 3522) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Guided Bombs (Size
3202) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/CIS/Medium
range (Size 9679) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-AIR
MISSILES/CIS/Short range (Size 4430) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS -
AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/CIS/Short range lightweight (Size 4220) JALW
09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/General Purpose Bombs (Size 9438)
JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Fuel/Air Explosive Bombs (Size
3155) first 10 | prev 10 next 10
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Documents 121 - 130 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first
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JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Fragmentation Bombs (Size
7323) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Fire Bombs (Size 6421)
JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Cluster Bombs (Size 7438) JALW
09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Chemical Weapons - Chemical Spray
Tanks (Size 8510) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Anti-tank
bombs (Size 3673) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Aircraft
dispensers (Size 2888) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AUTOMATIC GRENADE
LAUNCHERS/CIS/30 mm (Size 3227) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS -
AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/Long range (Size 12071) JALW 09/02/01 -
ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/Medium range (Size 7545)
JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/Medium range
anti-radar (Size 6057) first 10 | prev 10 next 10
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Documents 131 - 140 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first
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JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/Short
range (Size 11329) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-AIR
MISSILES/CIS/Long range (Size 5011) JALW 16/01/01 - BOMBS -
UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/VSM-1 Helicopter Mine-laying System (Size
3832) JALW 16/01/01 - BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/VMR-2
Mine-laying System (Size 3725) JALW 16/01/01 - *BOMBS -
UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/TM-89 Anti-tank Mine (Size 3909) JALW
16/01/01 - *BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/TM-62 Family of
Anti-tank Mines (Size 4703) JALW 16/01/01 - *BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED
PROJECTS/CIS/PTM-3 Anti-tank Mine (Size 4376) JALW 16/01/01 - BOMBS
- UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/POM-2S Anti-personnel Mine (Size 4025)
JALW 16/01/01 - *BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/PTM-1S/PGMDM
Anti-tank Mine (Size 4695) JALW 16/01/01 - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES -
UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/9M100 SRAAM (Size 2324) first 10 | prev
10 next 10
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Documents 141 - 150 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first
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JALW 16/01/01 - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED
PROJECTS/CIS/9M96 (Trieumf variant) (Size 3352) JALW 16/01/01 -
AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/K-30 (Size 2705)
JALW 16/01/01 - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED
PROJECTS/CIS/Kh-31 (AS-17) (Size 2775) JALW 16/01/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR
MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/R-77M-PD (Size 3904) JALW
16/01/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/AAM-L
(KS-172) (Size 3400) JALW 04/12/00 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE
MISSILES/CIS/AT-2 `SWATTER' (9M17 SKORPION) (Size 5737) JALW
08/11/00 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/AS-7 `KERRY' (Kh-23/Kh-66
GROM) (Size 8090) JALW 08/11/00 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/AS-4
`KITCHEN' (Kh-22 BURYA) (Size 8206) JALW 16/08/00 - *AIR-LAUNCHED
ROCKETS/CIS/AIRCRAFT ROCKETS (Size 6641) JALW 16/08/00 - *BOMBS -
UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/NOSAB-100TM Signal Bomb (Size 3685) first
10 | prev 10 next 10
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3 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 19
December 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 39
AA-5 `ASH' (R-4)Type Medium-range, IR and radar-guided,
air-to-air missile. Development AA-5 `Ash' is the NATO code and
designation for the R-4 AAM, a missile designed to defeat
high-flying bombers. The AA-5 was developed between 1958 and 1964
specifically to arm the Tu-128 `Fiddler', a long-range all-weather
interceptor, and R-4 missiles were first seen at the Tushino
display in 1961. Two versions were developed, the semi-active radar
homing R-4R and the IR version R-4T (K-80T). Improved versions,
designated R-4RM and R-4TM, were later fitted to developed versions
of the Tu-128. The main improvement was to provide the semi-active
radar-guided version with a `look-down/shoot-down' capability
against low-flying aircraft targets. A further improved version of
the R-4R, the R-4RR, had increased maximum range. Description R-4
has four swept delta-wings and four control fins aft. The
round-nosed R-4RM missile is 5.45 m long and the pointed-nosed
R-4TM is 5.2 m. Both missiles have a body diameter of 315 mm and a
wing span of 1.32 m. The `Ash' missile weighs approximately 500 kg
at launch, and has a 53.5 kg HE blast warheads. The semi-active
pulse radar operates in I-band (8 to 10 GHz). The IR seeker has a
tail aspect engagement capability only. Operational status It is
believed that the AA-5 `Ash' (R-4) missiles entered service in 1965
in the Soviet Union, and that the improved R-4M versions entered
service in 1975. Exports have been reported to Algeria, Belarus,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and
Ukraine. It is unlikely that any R-4s remain in operational use
today. Specifications R-4RM Length: 5.45 m Body diameter: 315 mm
Wing span: 1.32 m Launch weight: 512 kg Warhead: 53.5 kg HE blast
Fuze: n/k Guidance: Semi-active radar
Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 40 km R-4TM Length: 5.20 m
Body diameter: 315 mm Wing span: 1.32 m Launch weight: 502 kg
Warhead: 53.5 kg HE blast Fuze: n/k Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid
propellant Range: 20 km Contractor It is believed that the original
design was by the Bisnovat OKB-4, Moscow, and is now supported by
Vympel, NPO, Moscow. UPDATED
A semi-active radar-guided AA-5 Ash (R-4R) missile under a Tu-28
Fiddler aircraft (Steven Zaloga) (1994)
Diagram of AA-5 Ash (1998)
Two AA-5 Ash missiles being carried by a Tu-28 `Fiddler'
aircraft (1997)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Rob Hewson
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4 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 19
December 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 39
AA-2 `ATOLL' (R-3, R-13)Type Short-range, IR and radar-guided,
air-to-air missile. Development The AA-2 `Atoll' is the NATO
codename for the Russian R-3 (K-13) missile. It entered development
in 1958 when the Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-134) at Tushino
was assigned the task of copying the USA's AIM-9B Sidewinder
design, and this first variant was designated R-3S (K-13A). The
'Atoll-A' entered service in 1962. Since then there have been
several steps in the AA-2's evolution, roughly paralleling the
development of the AIM-9. However, the R-3 (K-13) was also
developed in a Semi-Active Radar Homing (SARH) version that had no
immediate Western equivalent (a SARH version of the AIM-9 was not
proceeded with). The R-3S (K-13A) AA-2 'Atoll-A' entered production
in 1960 and was first seen in service two years later on the
MiG-21F-13. The radar-guided R-3R/K-13R (AA-2 'Atoll-B') was based
on the same missile airframe, but was markedly different. This
version had an extended nose, with a sharply pointed nosecone,
housing the radar antenna. Development of the R-3R began in 1961
and the first missiles entered service in 1966. The semi-active
radar seeker operated with the J-band (10 to 20 GHz) pulse radar of
the MiG-21. An inert training version of the R-3 missile, without
any fins, was designated R-3U. In the late 1960s an improved
version of the R-3S, designated R-13M/K-13M (NATO codename AA-2
'Atoll-C', sometimes referred to as the Advanced Atoll) started to
appear. A further improved version of the R-13M, with enhanced
manoeuvrability, was developed in the late 1970s as the R-131M1.
This version of the 'Atoll' was longer than the basic R-13M and
introduced the cranked forward fins first seen on the AIM-9J. The
R-13M was built under licence in Romania (A-91) and India, and
developed in Chinas the PL-2 and PL-3. Description The R-3S closely
resembled the AIM-9B and had the same blunt, rounded nose as the US
missile, with an identical control surface layout - right down to
the Sidewinder's innovative tail fin 'rollerons'. The R-3S had a
fixed tail, but the four triangular forward fins were articulated.
Like the AIM-9B, the R-3S was a first generation IR-guided missile
that was only effective when fired from the rear hemisphere,
against a non-manoeuvring target at relatively close range. The low
altitude performance of the R-3S IR seeker was poor and the effect
of ground clutter reduced its effective range to as little as 300 m
at low level. Performance improved at higher altitudes, and at
18,500 m the missile had a potential range of 8,000 m. The SARH
R-3R had a similar level of performance, but at low-level its
effective range could be even less than the R-3S, making it most
useful as a medium altitude look-up/shoot-up weapon. Under ideal
circumstances the R-3R's maximum range was in excess of 8,000
m.
The R-13M most closely resembled the AIM-9E Sidewinder, with a
tapered nose (slightly longer than the R-3S) housing an improved IR
seeker. This provided significantly better performance with the
missile effective to 1,500 m at low level and up to 15 km at high
altitudes (20,000 m). The R-13M was claimed to be effective down to
50 m. Operational status The R-3S equipped the MiG-21PF, MiG-21bis,
MiG-23S, MiG23MS, MiG-23M, MiG-23MF, MiG-23B, MiG-27, Su-17, Su-20
and Su-22. The R-3R was generally carried by the MiG-21S (SM, SMT,
and MiG21bis) and the MiG-23S (MS). The R-13M and R-13M1 was
typically carried by late model MiG-21s, MiG-23s, MiG-27s, Su-17s,
Su-20s and Su-22s. The earliest AA-2 `Atoll' entered service with
the Russian Air Force in 1962, the semi-active radar R-3R entered
service in 1966 and the R-13M entered service in the mid-1970s. The
improved R-13M1 missile is believed to have entered service in
1980. The `Atoll' was used extensively by North Vietnam, and in
1970 and 1973 by Egypt. All three variants have been exported to
the following countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan,
Bangladesh, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Congo, Croatia,
Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, Georgia, Guinea,
Hungary, India, Iraq, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Laos, Libya,
Madagascar, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Peru,
Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Ukraine, Vietnam,
Yemen, Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and Zambia. Production
probably ceased around 1983, although refurbished missiles were
exported until the late 1980s. Specifications R-3S Length: 2,837 mm
Body diameter: 127 mm Wing span: 528 mm Launch weight: 75.3 kg
Warhead: 11.3 kg HE blast/fragmentation Fuze: contact Guidance: IR
Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 3 km R-3R Length: 3,417 mm Body
diameter: 127 mm Wing span: 528 mm Launch weight: 82 kg Warhead:
11.3 kg HE blast/fragmentation Fuze: contact and radar proximity
Guidance: semi-active radar homing Propulsion: Solid propellant
Range: 8 km R-13M Length: 2,870 mm Body diameter: 127 mm Wing span:
632 mm Launch weight: 88 kg Warhead: 11.3 kg HE blast/fragmentation
Fuze: contact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 8 km
Contractor Designed by the Turopov OKB-134 Bureau at Tushino, and
supported now by Vympel NPO, Moscow. UPDATED
An R-3S IR guided missile on the underwing pylon of a Russian
Air Force MiG-21 `Fishbed', displayed at Moscow in August 1989
(Nick Cook) (1989)
A MiG-21 Fishbed carrying two radar-guided R-3R missiles on the
outer wing pylons, and two IR-guided AA-8 `Aphid' missiles inboard
(John Taylor) (1994)
AA-2 `Atoll' (1989)
R-3S missiles carried on a Libyan MiG-23 `Flogger' aircraft (US
Navy) (1997)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Rob Hewson
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2 Images AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted:
09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
S-25LDType Short-range air-to-surface missile. Development This
new missile was first seen in 1993, and it was developed from the
unguided S-250 FM rocket. The missile has the Russian designator
S-25LD, but the NATO designator is unknown. It is believed that the
development was completed in the late 1980s, using the semi-active
laser seeker from the AS-10 `Karen' missile. The missile has been
cleared for carriage on Su-17 `Fitter', Su-24 `Fencer' and Su-25
`Frogfoot' aircraft. Description The S-25LD missile has four small
delta shaped moving control fins at the nose and four clipped-tip
delta wings at the rear. The unusual aspect of the design is that
the nose section, containing the semi-active laser seeker and
moving control fins, is hinged under a support arm running forwards
from the larger diameter main body. The missile is 4.1 m long, has
a body diameter of 340 mm, a wing span of 1.17 m and a launch
weight of 400 kg. The warhead is a 155 kg HE penetration type, and
the missile has a solid-propellant motor. The guidance uses the
24NI semi-active laser seeker from the AS-10 missile, which can be
designated from the carrier aircraft, from a different aircraft, or
from a ground laser marker. The missile has a minimum range of 2 km
and a maximum range of 10 km. An accuracy of 8 m CEP has been
reported from Russia. Operational Status The missile was developed
from the S-250 FM unguided rocket and is believed to have entered
service in 1989. There are no known exports. Specifications Length:
4.1 m Body diameter: 340 mm Wing span: 1.17 m Launch weight: 400 kg
Warhead: 155 kg HE penetration Fuze: n/k Guidance: Semi-active
laser Propulsion: Solid propellant
Range: 10 km Contractor Precision Mechanical Engineering Design
Bureau Moscow. VERIFIED An S-25LD missile (left) and eight AT-12
missiles (right) on wing pylons under an Su-25 `Frogfoot' aircraft
(Christopher F Foss) (1999)
S-25LD (1999)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Duncan Lennox
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1 Image BOMBS, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001
Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
ZB-500GD and ZB-500ShM FIRE BOMBSType Fire bombs. Development
Before 1996, no information had been available on former Soviet
Union napalm type fire bombs like those used extensively by the US
forces in Vietnam. However, in the mid-1990s two such weapons were
advertised in a Russian Federation air-launched weapons catalogue.
The two weapons, designated ZB-500GD and ZB-500ShM, were identical
in size and appearance, the only difference appearing to be the
quantity and possibly type of incendiary mixture used. The
designation letters ZB stands for `incendiary tank' and the numbers
refer to the bomb's size category. It is unclear what the letters
GD stand for but the Sh means low-level ground attack. The bombs
are designed to withstand the high g forces encountered by combat
manoeuvres of high-speed attack aircraft, and are fitted with
standard Russian spaced suspension lugs. Both are believed to have
been cleared for carriage on MiG-21 `Fishbed', MiG-27 `Flogger',
MiG-29 `Fulcrum', Su-17 `Fitter', Su-24 `Fencer', Su-25 `Frogfoot'
and Su-27 `Flanker' aircraft of the Russian Federation and allied
air forces. Description The ZB-500's appearance is different to
most napalm type fire bombs in that it has a smaller body diameter
to length ratio and a small distinctive vertical rear end
stabilising fin. It has a symmetrical aerodynamically shaped body
made from thin aluminium sheet. Instead of the normally pointed
ends, the bomb has an ogival section welded on both ends. Inside
the top surface of the centre section is a hard saddle back to
which are attached the 250 mm spaced suspension lugs. The filling
cap is situated in the bottom of the centre section beneath the
front suspension lug. The fuze system, which is activated on bomb
release by a top mounted lanyard device, is inserted in the centre
port side of the bomb, along with a safe arming device and the
igniting charge. Both ZB-500 incendiary canisters are 2.5 m long
and have a body diameter of 500 mm. The ZB-500GD is filled with 216
or 303 kg of an unspecified incendiary gel and weighs 256 or 343 kg
depending on mixture used. The ZB-500ShM is filled with 260 kg of
an unspecified incendiary gel and weighs 317.5 kg. Details of the
type of fuzing system are uncertain, but it is believed to be
contact only. However, as the bombs are normally released during
low-level passes it is believed that some form of delay and safety
device is incorporated in the final stages of arming/fuzing. When
the bomb impacts the target, the body is broken apart by inertial
force and the incendiary agent is spread over the surrounding area.
At the same time the igniter charge is activated which immediately
causes the incendiary agent to ignite thus enveloping the target in
flames. The incendiary agent is expected to have a thickening
additive, which enables the agent to cling to all suitable surfaces
so as to ensure that maximum conflagration damage to exposed
personnel, material and equipment is caused.
The ZB-500 bombs can be released from an aircraft at altitudes
above 30 m and at speeds up to 1,000 km/h. Operational Status Both
the above fire bombs are in service with Russian Federation and
allied air forces. In the mid-1990s they were advertised in the
Incendiary Air Bomb section of a Russian Federation air arms
catalogue and were offered for export. There are no known exports.
Specifications Length Body diameter Tailspan Lug spacing Weight
Filling Contractors Bazalt State Research and Production Enterprise
Moscow. UPDATED Line drawing of a cutaway ZB-500GD bomb showing
major internal components (1999) 2001 Jane's Information Group
Duncan Lennox
ZB-500GD 2.5 m 500 mm n/a 250 mm 256 or 343 kg 216 or 303 kg
incendiary mixture
ZB-500ShM 2.5 m 500 mm n/a 250 mm 317.5 kg 260 kg incendiary
mixture
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2 Images BOMBS, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001
Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M and RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM CLUSTER BOMBSType
Incendiary cluster bombs. Development The former Soviet Union was a
pioneer of cluster bomb dispensers, quite sophisticated designs
being used as early as the 1930s. The RBK family of cluster bombs
are of post World War II design, and in their earlier days were
primarily used for delivering large numbers of anti-personnel
fragmentation submunitions. However, in more recent years they have
been adapted to carry various other types of submunitions, such as
anti-material, airfield cratering and various types of anti-tank
submunitions. The designation letters RBK stands for razovaya
bombovaya kasseta meaning `single use bomb cassette'. The
designation numbers refer to the bomb's size category and any
further letters signify special applications or types of
submunitions/bomblets used. The RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M was designed to
carry 48 ZAB-2.5 incendiary bomblets. The designation ZAB stands
for zazhigatelnaya aviatsionnaya bomba meaning `incendiary aircraft
bomb'. Developed in parallel was a larger version, designated
RBK-500 ZAB-2.5 SM. This was designed to carry 117 of the same
submunitions and be released at a lower altitude. Both cluster
bombs are designed to withstand the high g forces encountered by
combat manoeuvres of high-speed attack aircraft, and are fitted
with standard Russian 250 mm spaced suspension lugs. Both sizes of
cluster bomb are believed to have been cleared for carriage on
MiG-21 `Fishbed', MiG-27 `Flogger', MiG-29 `Fulcrum', Su-17
`Fitter', Su-24 `Fencer', Su-25 `Frogfoot' and Su-27 `Flanker'
aircraft of the Russian Federation and allied air forces.
Description The RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M is similar in size and shape to
the early Russian Federation FAB family of demolition bombs. It has
a canister shaped body, with a flat bell shaped nose and an
eight-fin drum tail unit. The bomb, which is fitted with a single
suspension lug, is 1.49 m long, has a body diameter of 325 mm and a
loaded weight of 194 kg. The cylindrical body is divided into three
compartments each holding 16 ZAB-2.5 bomblets. Connected to the
nose mounted fuze system and running through the centre of the
payload compartments is a metal tube, which is full of holes. It is
believed that this is part of the bomblet ejection system. The
RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM is similar to the -250 version except the nose is
almost totally flat, and instead of a centrally mounted fuze there
is what appears to be a heavy duty lifting device. The bomb, which
is fitted with standard Russian 250 mm spaced suspension lugs is
1.95 m long, has a body diameter of 450 mm and a loaded weight of
435 kg. The internal
arrangement of the payload container is expected to be similar
to the -250 version and has a 117 bomblet capacity. Little
information is available on the ZAB-2.5 incendiary bomblet other
than it appears to be a simple canister that is 0.135 m long, has a
body diameter of 91 mm and weighs 2.7 kg. Its 1.72 kg incendiary
type warhead is reported to cover a destructive area of 350 m2. It
is unclear if the bomblet has any sort of stabilising device or
just free-falls, and fuzing details of the ZAB-2.5 are not known.
After release from the parent aircraft the cluster bomb follows a
normal ballistic trajectory. At a predetermined altitude the outer
`skin' of the container is opened and the bomblets dispersed over
the target area. The method used to dispense the bomblets is not
known, but is believed to be done by a compressed air or gas
system. Details of fuzing are not known. The RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M can
be released from an aircraft at altitudes above 250 m and at speeds
up to 1,400 km/h. The RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM can be released from
aircraft at altitudes above 70 m and at speeds up to 1,400 km/h.
Operational Status The RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M and the RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM
cluster bombs are in service with the Russian Federation and allied
air forces. In the mid-1990s both were advertised in the Incendiary
Air Bomb section of a Russian arms catalogue. There are no known
exports. Specifications RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M Length Body diameter
Tailspan Lug spacing Weight Filling Contractor Bazalt State
Research and Production Enterprise Moscow. UPDATED Line drawings of
the RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M showing payload of ZAB-25M bomblets (top), and
RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM (bottom) (1999) 2.12 m 325 mm n/k 250 mm 194 kg
48 ZAB-2.5 bomblets RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM 2.5 m 450 mm n/k 250 mm 435
kg 117 ZAB-2.5 bomblets ZAB-2.5 bomblet 0.135 m 91 mm n/a n/a 2.7
kg 1.72 kg incendiary mix
Close-up of a ZAB-2.5 bomblet (1999)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Duncan Lennox
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1 Image BOMBS, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001
Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
FZAB-500 BOMBType Penetrating fire bomb. Development There are
reported to have been several hundred types of air-carried,
free-fall weapons to have been held by former Warsaw Pact
countries, with more than three-quarters of them being of former
Soviet Union design. The most numerous of these were naturally the
FAB series of bombs. FAB stands for fugasnaya aviabomba meaning
`aerial demolition bomb' which is known as a general purpose bomb
in the West. The designation letters are followed by numbers that
refer to the bomb size category. Little is known of the development
of this family of conventional free-fall general purpose bombs
other than it has been a continuing process since the First World
War. Before the 1940s, the known FAB bombs were the FAB-50, FAB-250
and FAB-500 (these early bombs are covered in a separate entry).
Some FAB bombs developed since the early 1940s had an additional
letter `M' followed by a further number in its designation, that
signified the year that range of FAB bombs entered operational
service. Others have special indices explaining design or combat
features. The FAB M-62 series of bombs were developed in the early
1960s to provide the former Soviet Union with a range of
streamlined low-drag general purpose bombs, and to take advantage
of newly developed more powerful explosives like `torpex.' These
are covered in a separate entry. In 1996, a 500 kg size bomb,
designated FZAB-500, appeared in the FAB section of a Russian air
armament catalogue listed as a demolition incendiary bomb. From its
appearance the bomb is believed to be a further development of the
FAB-500M-62. Developed in order to provide the Russian Federation
with a penetrating incendiary bomb for use against concrete
fortified targets such as munition and fuel depots, aircraft
shelters command bunkers and so on. The bomb's design allows it to
be carried under the wings or fuselage of high-speed aircraft with
minimum performance degradation and is fitted with standard Russian
spaced suspension lugs. The FZAB-500 can also be carried in bomb
bays of larger bombers. It is believed that the FZAB-500 has been
cleared for carriage on MiG-21 `Fishbed' MiG-23B `Flogger', MiG-25
`Foxbat', Su-17 `Fitter', Su-24 `Fencer', Su-25 `Frogfoot', Tu-95
`Bear', and Tu-16 `Badger' aircraft. Description Except for having
a special shaped hardened nose the FZAB-500 is similar in
appearance to the FAB-500M-62 demolition bomb. The main body, which
is divided into two sections, has an aerodynamic shape similar to
the US Mk 83 bomb and is fitted with 250 mm spaced suspension lugs.
However, the tail unit has retained the familiar Russian four fin
and drum configuration although somewhat streamlined. The FZAB-500
is 2.5 m long, has a body diameter of 450 mm and weighs 500 kg. The
front section of the bomb, which has a tapering thickened skin and
a hardened nose, is filled with 200 kg of torpex high
explosive. The rear section of the bomb itself is filled with
100 pieces of an unspecified incendiary material. Details of the
fuzing are not known. The FZAB-500 is credited with the ability to
penetrate 200 mm of reinforced concrete and can be released at
altitudes from 200 m to 22 km at speeds between 500 and 2,100 km/h.
Operational Status The FZAB-500 is in service with Russian
Federation and allied air forces. In the mid-1990s it was offered
for export, but as yet there have been no reported orders.
Specifications Length: 2.5 m Body diameter: 450 mm Tailspan: 0.22 m
Lug spacing: 250 mm Weight: 500 kg Filling: 200 kg HE and
incendiary agent. Contractors Bazalt State Research and Production
Enterprise Moscow. UPDATED Line drawing of a FZAB-500 bomb showing
internal components (1999) 2001 Jane's Information Group Duncan
Lennox
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2 Images GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate
Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
GUV (VERSATILE HELICOPTER POD)Type Gun pod for 7.62 mm, 12.7 mm
machine guns or 30 mm grenade launcher. Development The Gondala
Universalnaya Vertolotnaya (GUV) or Versatile Helicopter Pod was
developed by the Spetztekhnika Vympel NPO for use by Russian and
allied air forces. The programme requirement was to provide a
removable, short-range, ground-attack weapon system for attacking
personnel and soft-skinned targets. Little is known of the pod's
development, except that it was designed to incorporate two
four-barrel GSh G 7.62 mm machine guns with a total of 1,500 rounds
of ammunition, together with one four-barrel 12.7 mm YakB-12.7 gun
with 750 rounds of ammunition or a 30 mm grenade launcher with 300
grenades. A GUV was displayed in Moscow in 1994 fitted with only a
single 30 mm grenade launcher that was designated 9A-800. It is not
known if this is another designation for the helicopter version of
the 30 mm AIC-17 (NATO designation AGS-17 `Plamya') grenade
launcher or a different weapon. The GUV's hard back is fitted with
110 mm suspension eye bolts that allow it to be suspended from a
Russian standard helicopter rack. The GUV was displayed alongside a
Russian Mi-35M attack helicopter at the 1995 Paris Air Show.
Russian literature in 1996 stated that the GUV had been developed
for use on Mi-8 `Hip', Mi-24 `Hind' and Ka-25 `Hormone'
helicopters. Before this, the container was reportedly seen on the
Mi-24 and Ka-27/Ka-29 Helix combat helicopters. Description The GUV
is a cigar-shaped metal container with rounded front and rear ends
and fitted with 110 mm suspension lugs. In the centre of the nose
cowl is a vertical slot into which a gun cradle is fitted that can
carry either a single four-barrel 12.7 mm YakB Gatling-type machine
gun or a 30 mm grenade launcher. On each side of the central slot
are two circular apertures, behind each of which is a four-barrel
GSh G 7.62 mm Gatling-type general purpose machine gun with its
barrels protruding through the apertures. When fitted with the
three machine guns, the GUV carries 750 rounds of 12.7 mm
ammunition and 1,500 rounds of 7.62 mm ammunition and weighs around
450 kg. With these three guns the GUV is credited with an extremely
high rate of fire, over 12,000 rds/min. Further details of both
guns can be found in a separate entry on Russian Guns. It is
unclear if, when fitted with the grenade launcher, the two GSh G
7.62 mm guns are installed together with the grenade launcher,
because Russian literature quotes that with the grenade launcher
fitted, the ammunition is replaced by 300 grenades and the overall
weight of the GUV is then reduced to 274 kg. The AIC-17A grenade
launcher has a cyclic rate of fire of 420 to 500 rds/min, and a
muzzle velocity of 180 m/s. Further details of the AIC-17A can be
found in the Gun Unclassified Projects section.
Operational status The GUV helicopter pod is in production and
in service with Russian and allied air forces. However, no details
have been released on any sales or orders. Specifications Length:
3.0 m (without armament) Diameter: 400 mm Number of guns: 2 GSh G
7.62 mm machine guns 1 12.7 mm YakB or 30 mm grenade launcher
Ammunition capacity: 1,500 rounds (7.62 mm) and 750 rounds 12.7 mm
or 300 30 mm grenades Lug spacing: 110 mm Weight: 452 kg including
guns and ammunition, 274 kg including grenade launcher and
ammunition Contractor Spetztekhnika Vympel NPO Moscow. UPDATED A
Russian GUV helicopter pod fitted with a single 12.7 mm YakB 12.7
and two GSh G 7.62 mm machine guns, on display at the 1995 Paris
Air Show. Beside the pod is the centre-mounted alternative AIC-17
30 mm grenade launcher (Duncan Lennox) (1998) GUV helicopter pod
fitted with only a single AIC-17 (AGS-17 `Plamya') 30 mm grenade
launcher on display in 1994 (Charles Bickers) (1998)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Duncan Lennox
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6 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09
November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
SA-16 `GIMLET' (9M313 Igla 1) and SA-18 `GROUSE' (9M39 Igla)Type
Short-range, IR air-to-air missiles. Development SA-16 `Gimlet' was
first confirmed in use in 1987, when photographs of the
surface-to-air version were released by the South Africans
following their capture of some of these missiles in Angola. The
missile is called Igla 1 by the Russians in the surface-to-air
variant, with the designator 9M313. The development programme for
SA-16 is believed to have followed closely behind that for SA-14
`Gremlin', probably starting in the mid-1970s. SA-18 `Grouse' has
the Russian designation 9M39 Igla, and is now believed to have
entered service before SA-16 `Gimlet'. The missiles are similar,
and it is easy to understand the confusion. However, both have a
nose spike to keep the glass radome cooler at high speed. There are
reports that two further versions of SA-16 are in development, Igla
1M and Igla 2, but no further details are available. It is believed
that SA-16 and SA-18 are carried by Mi-24 `Hind', and probably
Mi-28 `Havoc' and Ka-50 `Hokum' helicopters. SA-16 were displayed
on an Mi-17MD helicopter in 1996, and SA-18 were displayed in 1997.
Description The SA-16 `Gimlet' launcher tube has two major
differences from those used for the SA-7 `Grail' and SA-14
`Gremlin': the tube is longer and the protective IR dome cover is
conical in shape (SA-7 and SA-14 tube end covers are flat plates).
It is believed that SA-16 is 1.69 m long, has a body diameter of 72
mm and weighs 10.8 kg. The missile has four small pop-out
rectangular control fins near the nose, and four rectangular fins
at the tail. The improved IR cooled seeker head has most probably a
two-colour detection system to discriminate flares, and an improved
all-aspect capability. The rear body shape is similar to the US
Stinger design and the seeker dome has a cone supported in front to
reduce drag. Digital electronics can be expected, together with a
longer standby capability. Boost and sustainer motors give the
SA-16 a velocity of 570 m/s and a range of about 5 km. SA-16 has a
minimum range of 500 m, and can intercept targets at between 10 m
and 3,000 m altitude. SA-18 `Grouse' (9M39 Igla) is similar to
SA-16, except that a single spike was used in front of the seeker
dome. The performance, size and weight of SA-16 and SA-18 are
believed to be the same. A four-missile launch canister and
nitrogen coolant bottle assembly weighs 60 kg. A missile and
canister weighs 16.8 kg and each missile has four coolant bottles.
SA-18 uses a 9E410 two colour cooled seeker with protection against
flare decoys and modulated jammers. The seeker field of view is 40,
and the maximum sightline spin rate is 12/s. For training a simpler
seeker can be used, designated OS UA-24, and this seeker does not
have the distinctive nose spike. SA-18 can engage targets at
altitudes of up to 3,500 m.
Operational status It is believed that SA-18 `Grouse' entered
service in Russia in 1983, followed by SA-16 `Gimlet' in 1986. It
is believed that both missiles have been exported to Angola,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, North
Korea, Poland and Slovakia. Licensed production has been carried
out in Bulgaria, and there are unconfirmed reports that North Korea
is also building SA-16/-18 missiles. Some SA-16 missiles are
believed to have been used by Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War.
Specifications Length: 1.69 m Body diameter: 72 mm Wing span: 0.25
m Launch weight: 10.8 kg Warhead: 2.0 kg HE fragmentation Fuze:
Impact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 5 km
Contractor SA-16 and SA-18 missiles were designed by the KBM
Engineering Design Bureau, Kolomna, and manufactured by the VA
Degtyarev Plant, Korov. The seekers are manufactured by LOMO, St
Petersburg and CDO Arsenal, Kiev, Ukraine. UPDATED A twin
helicopter launch assembly with an SA-18 `Grouse' (Igla) missile in
front, showing the distinctive nose spike (Duncan Lennox)
(1998)
An SA-16 `Gimlet' (Igla 1) missile with its double cone-shaped
nose spike (Christoper F Foss) (1998) An SA-18 `Grouse' twin
launcher assembly with eight IR seeker coolant bottles mounted
above (Peter Humphris) (1998)
SA-16 (upper) and SA-18 (lower) (1996)
A rear view of a four-missile launcher assembly for SA-16
`Gimlet' on an Mi-17MD helicopter (Peter Humphris) (1997)
Two IR seekers used with the SA-18 `Grouse' (Igla) missile
system. On the right is the operational seeker, and on the left a
seeker used for training (Duncan Lennox) (1998)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Duncan Lennox
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2 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09
November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
SA-14 `GREMLIN' (9M36 Strela-3)Type Short-range, IR air-to-air
missile. Development SA-14 `Gremlin' is the NATO code and
designation for this second-generation Russian man-portable
surface-to-air missile (9M36 Strela-3). Development is believed to
have started around 1970 as a successor to SA-7 `Grail', and the
missile first entered service in 1974. It is believed that the
SA-14 is carried by Mi-24 `Hind E' and Mi-2 `Hoplite' helicopters
in preference to the SA-7 `Grail'. The SA-14 `Gremlin' has been
replaced by the SA-16 `Gimlet' (9M313 Igla 1) and SA-18 `Grouse'
(9M39 Igla). Description There is probably little difference
between SA-14 `Gremlin' and SA-7 `Grail' helicopter launcher tube
assemblies. The missile is believed to be similar to the SA-7b
`Grail' version, with a length of 1.47 m, a body diameter of 72 mm,
and a fin span of 0.3 m. The missile weight is 10.5 kg, and a 2 kg
HE fragmentation warhead is fitted. The SA-14 has an improved IR
seeker with IRCM capability, and sufficient sensitivity to have an
all-aspect engagement envelope. A more efficient motor results in
an increased range capability, to 5 km. It is also reported that
SA-14 has a shorter reaction time than SA-7 `Grail', and an
improved thermal battery with a longer life. Operational status
SA-14 `Gremlin' entered service in 1974, and production in Russia
probably ceased in 1985. Exports of the SAM version have been
reported to Afghanistan, Angola, Belarus, Cuba, Czech Republic,
Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Jordan, Latvia,
Nicaragua, Poland, Slovakia, Syria and Ukraine. There have been no
confirmed reports of SA-14 on helicopters used by these countries.
Specifications Length: 1.47 m Body diameter: 72 mm Wing span: 0.3 m
Launch weight: 10.5 kg Warhead: 2 kg HE fragmentation
Fuze: Impact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 5
km Contractor It is believed that the Turopov OKB-134 bureau at
Tushino designed SA-14 `Gremlin', although other reports suggest
the KBM Engineering and Design Bureau, Kolomna. UPDATED A
photograph showing the three small Russian surface-to-air missile
launchers, from the top the SA-16 `Gimlet', SA-14 `Gremlin' in the
middle, and SA-7 `Grail' at the bottom. These are export versions,
and the air-to-air missile launchers may have a different
appearance (Jane's Defence Weekly) (1992)
SA-14 'Gremlin' (1996)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Duncan Lennox
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3 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09
November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
SA-7 `GRAIL' (9M32 Strela-2)Type Short-range, IR air-to-air
missile. Development SA-7 `Grail' is the NATO code and designation
for this first-generation man-portable surface-to-air missile; the
system is named Strela-2 by the Russians and the missile has the
designation 9M32. Development started in 1959, with the SA-7a first
entering service in 1966. The `Grail' has been progressively
developed since then, with SA-7b `Grail' or Strela-2M introduced in
1971 with improved seeker, warhead and motor, and a version
introduced in the mid-1970s with a more sensitive IR seeker. In
1997 a dual-band uncooled IR seeker, designated 9E46M, was proposed
as an upgrade for older SA-7 missiles. (This was an uncooled
version of the seeker used in the SA-18 `Grouse' (Igla) missile).
This seeker would provide protection against flares and modulated
jammers. Known principally as a surface-to-air missile, SA-7 has
been reported as being used on Russian helicopters in the
air-to-air role since the late 1970s. The missile has been seen
carried on Mi-2M `Hoplite', Mi-24 `Hind E' and Yugoslav Gazelle
helicopters. SA-14 `Gremlin' was the replacement system for
`Grail', but both SA-7 and SA-14 missiles have now been replaced by
SA-16 `Gimlet' (Igla 1) and SA-18 `Grouse' (Igla) missiles in
Russia. Description SA-7 `Grail' is a tube-launched missile, with
two small rectangular moving control fins at the nose and four
swept rectangular wings trailing from the tail. The missile is 1.42
m long, has a body diameter of 72 mm and a wing span of 0.3 m. The
missile weighs 9.2 kg for the SA-7a. Guidance is by IR seeker, with
the early SA-7a version having an uncooled seeker with very limited
capability. However, the sensitivity has been improved in the later
missile versions (SA-7b/Strela-2M) by using an upgraded 9E46
uncooled seeker. The missile is limited to tail aspect engagements,
and has no protection against flare decoys or modulated jammers.
The boost motor burns for 0.5 seconds and the sustainer for just
under 2 seconds, accelerating the missile to about 385 m/s, and
giving it a range of about 3 km. For the SA-7b `Grail' version the
IR seeker is still uncooled, but it contains a filter to remove
extraneous IR returns. The SA-7b weighs 10 kg and is slightly
longer than SA-7a at 1.44 m. A more powerful motor gives an
increased range to 5 km, and a larger 1.8 kg warhead is fitted.
Operational status In service with many countries in various forms,
since 1966 as a SAM, SA-7 `Grail' was first seen being carried for
use in air-to-air combat on helicopters in the late 1970s. SA-7 is
not used in Russia, having been replaced by the SA-16 and SA-18
missiles. However, it was reported in 1997 that over 50,000 SA-7
missiles remain in service use around the world. Egypt,
Romania, Poland, Yugoslavia, Pakistan and China have built SA-7
`Grail' variants; the Egyptian variant is called Sakr Eye and the
Chinese HN-5. The Romanian version is designated A-94, with a later
modification designated CA-94. Pakistan's missiles are Anza Mk 1/Mk
2, Poland's are Strzala-2 and the former Yugoslavia are
Strela-2M/A. The Russian SA-7 `Grail' has also been licence built
in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Poland and Yugoslavia (Serbia and
Montenegro). The following countries probably use SA-7 in a
helicopter-launched role: Afghanistan, Angola, Belarus, Bulgaria,
China, Cuba, Georgia, India, North Korea, Libya, Mongolia, Poland,
Sudan, Syria, Ukraine, Vietnam and Yugoslavia (Serbia and
Montenegro). Specifications SA-7a Length: 1.42 m Body diameter: 72
mm Wing span: 0.3 m Launch weight: 9.2 kg Warhead: 1.2 kg HE
fragmentation Fuze: Impact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid
propellant Range: 3 km SA-7b Length: 1.44 m Body diameter: 72 mm
Wing span: 0.3 m Launch weight: 10 kg Warhead: 1.8 kg HE
fragmentation Fuze: Impact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid
propellant Range: 5 km Contractor SA-7 is believed to have been
designed by the Turopov OKB-134, Tushino, but other reports suggest
that the design was by the KBM Engineering and Design Bureau,
Kolomna. The seeker is manufactured by LOMO St Petersburg. UPDATED
SA-7b `Grail' mounted between two AT-3 `Sagger' air-to-surface
missiles, on a Yugoslav Gazelle helicopter mounting using the older
9P53 grip-stock and tube assembly (Paul Beaver) (1992)
Two SA-7b `Grail' launch tubes with the 9P54 glass fibre
launcher assembly and rotating double nose cap (1998)
SA-7 `Grail' (1992)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Duncan Lennox
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4 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09
November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
R-37 (AA-X-13)Type Long-range, radar-guided, air-to-air missile.
Development First seen in 1992, the R-37 was being developed by
Vympel NPO as a replacement for the AA-9 `Amos' (R-33) semi-active
radar-guided missile. It is believed that this missile has been
given the NATO designator AA-X-13. The R-37 is similar in size to
the AA-9 `Amos', but has an active radar terminal seeker and a
longer range. Designed in the early 1980s, the missile was first
flown in 1989. Flight trials continued until around 1998, and it
was presumed that the missile would be carried by the MiG-31M
`Foxhound B' aircraft, which has carriage points under the fuselage
for six missiles, and later by the Su-35. Unconfirmed reports
suggest that a further version was proposed, with the designator
R-37M, with a jettisonable booster assembly, increasing the range
to between 300 and 400 km. This longer range version is expected to
be fitted to modified MiG-29SMT `Fulcrum' or MiG-31BM `Foxhound'
aircraft. Description R-37 has four long-chord clipped-tip
delta-wings at mid-body, and four rectangular moving control fins
at the rear. The missile is around 4.2 m long, has a body diameter
of about 380 mm, and a wing span of about 0.7 m. The rear control
fins are hinged to facilitate clearance when the missiles are
loaded on the aircraft. R-37 appears to use the same semi-recessed
carriage with trapeze launch rails below the fuselage as AA-9
`Amos' on the MiG-31 `Foxhound A' aircraft. It is believed that the
missile launch weight is 600 kg, and that a 60 kg HE fragmentation
warhead is fitted. However, the design bureau suggested in 1995
that a redesign was being investigated to reduce the launch weight
to 450 kg. Guidance is inertial in mid-course with command updates
from the aircraft, with small link antenna located at the rear of
the missile just below the motor nozzle. A dual-mode
active/semi-active radar seeker, 9B-1388, is fitted to the missile
for both mid-course and terminal guidance. Lock on range for the
semi-active radar is probably 75 km and, for the active radar
seeker, is probably 25 km. The weight of the seeker assembly is 45
kg, excluding the radome. The command datalink has a range of 100
km. A solid propellant motor is expected to give the R-37 a range
of about 150 km, although reports in 1995 indicated that following
careful trajectory shaping a range in excess of 250 km had been
achieved. Operational status The R-37 programme is a further
development of the AA-9 `Amos' (R-33) missile. R-37 design was
started in the early 1980s, and the missile first flew in 1989. In
1994 a series of trials was made with launches from a MiG-31M
aircraft, with one
intercept at 250 km range. By 1995 it was reported that delays
to the MiG-31M `Foxhound B' aircraft's Zaslon-M radar could delay
entry of R-37 into service. It is believed that the original R-37
programme was terminated in 1998, but it is possible that the
dual-mode seekers could be retrofitted into upgraded AA-9 `Amos'
missiles. R-37M missiles might be fitted to upgraded MiG-31M
`Foxhound B' aircraft at some time in the future. Specifications
Length: 4.2 m Body diameter: 380 mm Wing span: 0.7 m Launch weight:
600 kg Warhead: 60 kg HE fragmentation Fuze: n/k Guidance: Inertial
with command updates, semi-active radar and active radar
Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 150 km Contractors Vympel NPO
Moscow (prime contractor). MRI Agat Moscow (radar seeker). UPDATED
The missile on the left of the picture is an R-37 under the
fuselage of a MiG-31M `Foxhound B'; the missile in the centre is a
modified R-33S (AA-9 `Amos') but with its wings not fitted (Yefim
Gordon) (1993)
The two outer missiles are R-37s with their rear control fins
folded, the central missile is a modified R-33S (AA-9 `Amos')
(Yefim Gordon) (1993)
R-37 (1994)
The combined active/semi-active radar seeker assembly, 9B-1388,
for the R-37 air-to-air missile (Duncan Lennox) (1997)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Duncan Lennox
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6 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09
November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
AA-12 `ADDER' (R-77)Type Medium-range, radar-guided, air-to-air
missile. Development AA-12 `Adder' is the NATO designator for this
new Russian air-to-air missile which was first seen in Minsk in
February 1992. The aviation press quickly named the missile
`AMRAAMSKI', because earlier reports indicated that the missile was
not unlike the US AIM-120 AMRAAM in appearance and likely
performance, but the Russian development designator is AAM-AE (or
RVV-AE) with the service designator R-77. It is believed that the
programme started in 1982. The rear fins are believed to be based
upon the design for terminal phase control fins of both the SS-21
`Scarab' and SS-23 `Spider' short-range ballistic missiles, but
with the fins for AA-12 designed to be much lighter as they do not
have to withstand such high velocities. Such fins could give
several advantages: lighter weight; less flow separation at high
angles of attack; produce a greater aerodynamic moment force; and
probably require less actuator power and movement. AA-12 has been
designed to attack manoeuvring aircraft, helicopters and cruise
missiles. It is believed that the original AA-12 missile design was
made by the Molniya OKB in Ukraine, responsible for the earlier
AA-8 and AA-11 missile designs. Flight tests started in 1984 and
around 200 missiles were built in the Ukraine up until 1994.
Following the break-up of the former Soviet Union, the Russian Air
Force decided that manufacture of the missile would be transferred
to Vympel NPO in Moscow, and it is thought that initial production
and further development started with Vympel from 1993. Further
versions are reported to be in development by Vympel. A version
with an IR seeker, an increased range R-77M version with the weight
increased to 185 kg, a longer-range rocket/ramjet motor version
with a range extended to 150 km specifically to attack AEW aircraft
(R-77M-PD), and a ground-launched SAM variant (R-77-3PK).
Vertically launched firings were reported in 1993, from a trials
canister simulating ship SAM installations, with a larger diameter
motor incorporating TVC, folding fins and wings. An upgraded active
radar has been developed by MRI Agat, with a range increased to 25
km, and this is designated 9B1103M. This radar has a weight reduced
to 10 kg, less radome. NIIP and Vympel were reported to be
developing a new fire-control system, target acquisition radar and
command datalink to fit AA-12 to other aircraft, without a radar.
The new system would weigh around 60 kg, and flight trials were
expected to start in 2000. A smaller version of AA-12 has also been
reported, for fitting into internal weapons bays on future stealth
aircraft. With the transfer of AA-12 production from the Ukraine to
Russia, and the shortage of funding for the Russian Air Force, the
AA-12 programme has been subject to long delays. There has been no
production order for R-77 missiles for the Russian Air Force, but
there may have been a small number of RVV-AE or R-77E export
version missiles built by Vympel. It is expected that any Russian
Air Force order will be for the improved R-77M version. If China
builds the AA-12 missile under license, it is reported that the
version will be similar to R-77E but with an improved maximum
range, and will have the designator R-129. The missile has been
seen fitted to MiG-29 `Fulcrum', MiG-31M `Foxhound' and Su-27
`Flanker' aircraft on underwing pylons,
with up to eight missiles on the MiG-29. The AA-12 missile can
be fitted to MiG-29M, ME, N, S, SE, SM and SMT versions. The
upgraded MiG-21 `Fishbed' (MiG-21/93) will carry two AA-12
missiles. It is expected that AA-12 will be carried by the Su-27SMK
'Flanker B', Su-30KN, MKK, and MKI versions, and on the Su-34 and
Su-35 'Flanker C'. Studies have been made for carriage on Tu-26
`Backfire' and Tu-160 `Blackjack' bombers. Description The AA-12
`Adder' has straight rectangular long-chord, narrow-span wings (not
unlike the French MICA air-to-air missile) and an unusual set of
four rectangular control fins at the rear. The missile is 3.6 m
long, with a body diameter of 200 mm, a wing span of 0.4 m, an
extended rear fin span of 0.7 m, and a launch weight of 175 kg. The
guidance is inertial with mid-course updates from the launch
aircraft, followed by a terminal active radar phase from an
acquisition range of about 15 km. The 9B-1348 active radar seeker
is a multifunction Doppler monopulse system, believed to operate in
J-band (10 to 20 GHz), with a home-on-jam mode capability. The
seeker weight is 16 kg, without a radome. Reports indicate that
early MiG-29 and Su-27 aircraft radars could only launch AA-12
missiles at a single target, but later radar modifications allow
two separate targets to be engaged simultaneously. The aircraft
datalink has a maximum range of 50 km, although a later
modification is reported to increase this range to 100 km. From
photographs, there appear to be four update command link antennas
on the forebody assembly, similar to those seen on AA-7 `Apex' and
AA-10 `Alamo', and an active laser fuze is located next to the
warhead section. The warhead is a HE blast fragmentation type
weighing 22 kg, and reports suggest that a directional warhead may
be fitted as an improvement. The rear control fins have an extended
span of 0.75 m but are folded for aircraft carriage. Each fin
consists of five thin aerofoil sections mounted in a rectangular
cage assembly measuring about 240 105 mm, with aerofoils set at 45
and 135 to the line of the relevant wing. A round collar at the
base of each fin probably holds the outer fin cage together and is
mounted onto an electrical actuator stub shaft. The propulsion
system is reported to be a two-stage solid propellant motor giving
the missile a range in the region of 75 km, and a snap-up/snap-down
capability of 10 km (33,000 ft). The AA-12 has a probable maximum
velocity of about M3.0. Higher speeds have been reported but these
are thought to be unlikely because of the problems associated with
radome heating rather than with motor performance. Unconfirmed
reports suggest that AA-12 has been designed for internal carriage
on new aircraft, as the rear control fins fold down. It is believed
that the missiles will be ejected from the internal carriage bay
using ejection release units, but the carriage on Su-27 and MiG-29
aircraft is on APU series rail launchers. The minimum launch range
is 300 m and the maximum around 75 km, with intercepts against
targets at altitudes from 20 m up to 30 km (100,000 ft). AA-12 is
reported to have the capability to intercept aircraft manoeuvring
up to 12 g, and to have a maximum flight time of 100 seconds.
Operational status It is believed that AA-12 `Adder' started
development in 1982, with the first flight test in 1984, and with
development completed in 1991. A small number of missiles, believed
to be around 200, were built in the Ukraine between 1984 and 1994.
These missiles were used for the Russian Air Force initial
operational evaluation, which used around 100 missiles and was
completed in 1996. Further missiles were probably used for export
sales demonstrators up to around 1999. Manufacture and further
development was transferred to Vympel NPO in Russia in 1993, and
the first new evaluation missiles started to be delivered from
1998. The AA-12 is not yet in operational service with the Russian
Air Force, although some pre-production missiles are believed to be
being used for evaluation and aircraft clearance trials in Russia.
It is expected that a Russian Air Force order would be for the
improved R-77M version. The missile has been offered for export
since 1992, as the R-77E, and reports in 1995 indicated that China,
India and Malaysia would probably receive AA-12 missiles. Malaysia
received a small number of Ukrainian-built missiles for evaluation
in 1996, and these were fitted to MiG-29N aircraft. Confirmation of
a production order by Malaysia for the Russian-built version has
not been made public. China is believed to have ordered 100
missiles for evaluation on Su-30MKK aircraft, and it is expected
that if this is successful then China will start to build the R-129
version under license. Indian aircrew have tested AA-12 missiles in
Russia from MiG-29SE and modified MiG-21/93 aircraft in 1999 and
2000. An unconfirmed report in 2000 suggested that Peru ordered 30
missiles for evaluation. Specifications Length: 3.6 m Body
diameter: 200 mm Wing span: 0.4 m Launch weight: 175 kg Warhead: 22
kg HE fragmentation Fuze: Active laser Guidance: Inertial, command
and active radar Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 75 km
Contractors It is believed that the initial design of AA-12 was
made by the Molniya OKB in Ukraine, and that later design and
production was transferred to Vympel NPO, Moscow. MRI Agat Moscow
(radar seeker). UPDATED An AA-12 (R-77) medium-range air-to-air
missile under an Su-27 `Flanker' aircraft at Farnborough Air Show
in 1994 (Duncan Lennox) (1994)
A close-up view of the rear control fins of the AA-12 `Adder'
(R-77) missile (Duncan Lennox) (1998)
AA-12 (1994)
AA-12 `Adder' (R-77) missile displayed at Farnborough in 1996,
mounted on an AKY-170E pylon (Duncan Lennox) (1997)
A trial launch of an AA-12 (R-77) missile from a MiG-29
`Fulcrum' (via Nick Cook) (1996)
The active radar seeker assembly, 9B-1348, for the AA-12 `Adder'
missile (Duncan Lennox) (1997)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Duncan Lennox
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7 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09
November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
AA-11 `ARCHER' (R-73, R-74)Type Medium-range, IR-guided
air-to-air missile. Development AA-11 `Archer' is the NATO
designator and codename given to this fourth-generation short-range
IR-guided air-to-air missile. This missile has the Russian
designation R-73 and there are two versions known as R-73M1 and
R-73M2. The development of `Archer' probably started in the late
1970s, and it is believed that the missile entered service around
1987. The missile was developed by the Molniya OKB in Ukraine,
probably the same design bureau that developed the AA-8 `Aphid',
for there are some similar features between the two missiles.
However, `Archer' was designed for use by fighter aircraft against
agile opponent fighters, for the design emphasises manoeuvrability.
The missile has been cleared for carriage on the Su-27 `Flanker',
upgraded MiG-21 `Fishbed', MiG-23 `Flogger', MiG-29 `Fulcrum',
MiG-31 `Foxhound' and MiG-31M. AA-11 was seen fitted to a Su-24MK
'Fencer D' aircraft in 2000, together with a helmet-mounted
sighting system. Also in 2000, a South African Mirage F1 was
exhibited with AA-11 missiles and a Kentron helmet-mounted sight,
probably for export when the Mirage F1 aircraft are sold. It is
expected that AA-11 missiles will be fitted to the Su-30, Su-32,
Su-34 and Su-35 aircraft. In addition, missiles have been seen
fitted to an upgraded Romanian SA 330 Puma helicopter. AA-11 is
carried on P-72 rail launchers, which have a nitrogen IR seeker
coolant bottle inside the launcher assembly. The `Flanker' has been
seen with AA-11 `Archer' missiles on the two wingtip pylons, and on
the two outboard wing pylons. In addition, a mixed load of AA-8
`Aphid', AA-11 `Archer' and AA-10 `Alamo' has been seen on the
`Flanker'; with the AA-8 on the outboard wing pylons, AA-11 on the
centre wing pylons and AA-10 (radar version) on the inner wing
pylons. The Su-27 is capable of carrying up to six AA-11 missiles.
Both the Su-27 `Flanker' and MiG-29 `Fulcrum' have helmet-mounted
sights for the pilot to designate the AA-11 `Archer' missiles to
targets at large off-boresight angles, outside the field of view of
the head-up displays. It is possible that an improved AA-11 missile
will be produced as a gimbal-mounted motor nozzle assembly is
reported to be in development by Vympel NPO. This would improve
both manoeuvrability and range for AA-11, with reports of a 40 km
range, or it could be used as a prototype for the next-generation
short-range air-to-air missile. It is known that an improved
variant of AA-11 has the Russian designator R-74, but the
differences between this and the earlier R-73 versions remain
unclear. It is believed that R-74 represents a compromise lower
cost improvement in comparison to that proposed by Vympel, using an
improved seeker and improved TVC (but using vanes in the exhaust as
on the R-73). However an unconfirmed report suggests that R-74 is a
longer and heavier missile, with a length of 3.2 m and launch
weight of 115 kg, designed for attacking targets in the rear
hemisphere behind the launch aircraft. It is believed that the
rearwards-launched missile has a range of between 1 and 12 km
against following aircraft targets. Reports in 1994 indicated that
trials have been made of AA-11 from the
wingtip pylon of a modified Su-27 `Flanker', with the missile
rotated to face aft just before launch. An Su-32 FN aircraft
displayed in 1997 showed what was believed to be a rotating wingtip
pylon, and it is believed that a similar pylon is fitted to the
Su-30 MKI aircraft. The Su-34 prototype has a rearward-facing radar
mounted between the engine nozzles. It is also believed that a
rear-firing AA-11 will be provided on production Su-34 aircraft. In
1996 some AA-11 missiles were displayed without any front fins at
all, and with larger-span rear wings. These might simply have been
training acquisition rounds, or a prototype tail control successor
to AA-11 `Archer'. In 1997, unconfirmed reports suggested that an
improved seeker was available for the AA-11 missile, with two
externally mounted detectors to increase the sensitivity. It is
believed that this modification to the seeker assembly uses similar
detectors to those provided in the UA-96 modification to the AA-8
`Aphid' seeker. An unconfirmed report from Serbia stated that a
ground-launched version of AA-11 was developed and used in 1999.
Two missiles were fitted on standard aircraft launch rails on a
converted Praga M53/59 armoured vehicle chassis, in place of two 30
mm cannon. Description AA-11 `Archer' has at the nose four small
swept rectangular moving control fins or sensors, followed by four
fixed rectangular fins, and then four clipped-tip triangular moving
fins. These three sets of fins are all in line. The front row of
`fins' has small counterweights, and these are angle of incidence
sensors for the control system, enabling the missile to manoeuvre
at up to 40 incidence. The missile has four rectangular wings at
the rear, with moving control surfaces at their trailing edges. In
addition, there are four thrust vector control vanes in the motor
efflux. All the moving control surfaces are powered by pressurised
gas through an accumulator. There is a cable loom strake running
the length of the missile. This complex combination of control
systems was designed to give the missile good manoeuvrability both
at launch, for use against off-boresight targets, and at the end of
flight to counter the agility of any target fighters. `Archer' is
2.9 m long, has a body diameter of 170 mm, front fin span of 0.38
m, a wing span of 0.51 m and a weight of 105 kg (R-73M1) or 110 kg
(R-73M2). The missile has inertial mid-course guidance with a
terminal two-colour IR seeker, and it is believed to have an
all-aspect engagement capability as well as the ability to
discriminate against flare decoys. The 0S Mk-80 seeker assembly is
manufactured by CDO Arsenal in the Ukraine, and has a range of 15
km in the forward hemisphere with a field of view of 75. AA-11 has
the capability to be designated and to lock onto a target before
launch, with designation from the aircraft radar, IRST or the
pilot's helmet-mounted sight. The warhead weighs 7.4 kg and has
been described as a fragmenting rod type by the design bureau. The
fuze appears to be an active radar type, similar to that used on
AA-8 `Aphid', which is surprising since the West has found that
active laser fuzes give a better performance for short- or
medium-range all-aspect air-to-air missiles. It is therefore
possible that two fuze types can be fitted and a 1997 report
indicated that an active laser fuze is fitted to the R-73EL
version. The solid propellant motor has boost and sustain burn
phases, as the motor must be burning for as long as possible to use
the thrust vector control system. The R-73M1 version has a minimum
range of 300 m and a maximum range of 20 km, with an off-boresight
capability for target designation before launch out to 45, using
the helmet-mounted sight. The R-73M2 version has an off-boresight
capability improved to 60, and a maximum range against a typical
fighter target of 30 km. Both R-73M1 and R-73M2 missiles can track
targets in flight with off-boresight angles greater than these
designation limits, increasing to 60 and 80 respectively. It is
believed that the missiles can follow targets manoeuvring at up to
12 g, with sightline spin rates of up to 60/s. AA-11 `Archer' can
engage targets at altitudes from 20 m up to 20 km. R-73M2 has
digital control electronics and IRCCM, which presumably can be
reprogrammed as decoy flares change. The greater range means that
this version has a longer burning rocket motor, with suggestions
that this missile can turn through 180 after launch. The R-73M2
version is believed to have a capability to attack low-flying
missiles. Operational status It is believed that AA-11 `Archer'
(R-73M1 version) entered service in Russia during 1987 and that the
later R-73M2 version entered service in 1996. The improved R-74
version has been flight tested from 1994, but is not yet
operational. There have been reports that AA-11 missiles have been
exported to Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czech Republic,
Ethiopia, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, North
Korea, Malaysia, Moldavia, Peru, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Syria,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen and Yugoslavia
(Serbia and Montenegro). Some 100 AA-11 missiles were purchased by
the USA in 1997, for evaluation purposes. Specifications Length
R-73M1 2.9 m R-73M2 2.9 m 170 mm 0.51 m 110 kg
Body diameter 170 mm Wing span 0.51 m Launch weight 105 kg
Warhead Fuze Guidance Propulsion Range Contractors
7.4 kg HE fragmenting rod 7.4 kg HE fragmenting rod Active radar
Inertial and IR Solid propellant 20 km Active radar Inertial and IR
Solid propellant 30 km
Initial design was by the Molniya OKB, completed by Vympel NPO,
Moscow (prime contractor). The seeker assembly is manufactured by
CDO Arsenal Kiev, Ukraine. UPDATED Two AA-11 `Archer' (R-73)
missiles fitted to an Su-27 `Flanker' aircraft (Paul Beaver) (1998)
The nose section of an AA-11 `Archer' missile, showing the angle of
incidence sensors, fixed fins and moving fins. The radar fuze
antenna is behind the umbilical cable connector, fitted to an
extension section (Duncan Lennox) (1998) A rear view of AA-11
`Archer', showing the control surfaces on the wing trailing edges
and the thrust vector control vanes (Duncan Lennox) (1998)
AA-11 `Archer' (1992)
The wingtip pylon assembly on an Su-32FN aircraft displayed at
Paris in 1997. It is believed that this pylon can rotate through
180 to launch an AA-11 missile at a following aircraft target
(Duncan Lennox) (1998) Two seekers displayed by CDO Arsenal in
1997, for the AA-11 `Archer' (left) and AA-8 `Aphid' (right). It is
believed that two externally mounted detectors have been added to
the AA-11 missile seeker assembly, similar to the four shown around
the AA-8 missile seeker assembly in this picture (Duncan Lennox)
(1998)
The active laser fuze window on a modified AA-11 missile,
displayed at Paris in 1999 (Duncan Lennox) (2000)
2001 Jane's Information Group
Duncan Lennox
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7 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09
November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38
AA-10 `ALAMO' (R-27)Type Medium- and long-range, IR and
radar-guided, air-to-air missiles. Development AA-10 `Alamo' is the
NATO code and designation for the Russian fourth-generation IR and
radar-guided air-to-air missiles. The Russian designator is R-27
and the `Alamo' missiles were designed by the same bureau that
designed the AA-7 `Apex' missiles and which is now known as V