Russia Today Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States.

Russia TodayRussia Today

Former Soviet Region Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Compared in Latitude &

Area with the United Area with the United StatesStates

Russia’s Time ZonesRussia’s Time Zones

Topography of RussiaTopography of Russia

Rich Soil of the SteppesRich Soil of the Steppes

ChernozenChernozen Soil Soil

Siberia Siberia “Permafrost” “Permafrost”

Average temperatures of Average temperatures of January January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C July from 1 to 25°C

142,000,000 population.142,000,000 population.

A former “A former “gulaggulag”” Soviet prison Soviet prison camp.camp.

Themes Themes in Russian Historyin Russian History

Expansion by conquest.Expansion by conquest.

Need for warm-water Need for warm-water ports.ports.

The necessity of a The necessity of a strong, central strong, central government.government.

Early Byzantine Early Byzantine Influences:Influences:

Orthodox ChristianityOrthodox Christianity

Early Byzantine Early Byzantine Influences:Influences:

Orthodox ChristianityOrthodox Christianity

Early Byzantine Early Byzantine Influences:Influences:

Cyrillic AlphabetCyrillic Alphabet

NovgorodNovgorod

The Mongols Invade The Mongols Invade RussiaRussia

Ivan the Great Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505)(r. 1462-1505)

Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

Ivan 4 “the Terrible”

Brutal Takes title of Czar (caesar)Encourages tradeReduces power of the Boyers

(nobles)Decimates anyone who he

perceives as a threat.

Michael Romanov Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645)(r. 1613-1645)

1st of the Romanov dynasty

Romanov DynastyRomanov Dynasty(1613-1917)(1613-1917)

Romanov Family Romanov Family CrestCrest

The Pendulum The Pendulum of Russian Historyof Russian History

Pro-WestPro-WestFor Progress & ChangeFor Progress & ChangeEncourage New Ideas,Encourage New Ideas,

Technologies, etc.Technologies, etc.

Anti-WestAnti-WestIsolationistIsolationistXenophobicXenophobic

Ultra-ConservativeUltra-Conservative

Most TsarsMost Tsars

Russian Orthodox Russian Orthodox ChurchChurch

MilitaryMilitary

BoyarsBoyars

peasantspeasants

A few TsarsA few Tsars

Intellectual elitesIntellectual elites

Merchants/Merchants/businessmenbusinessmen

Young members of the Young members of the middle class.middle class.

REFORM-MINDEDREFORM-MINDEDLEADERLEADER DEMAGOGUEDEMAGOGUE

Peter the Great Peter the Great (r. 1682-(r. 1682-1725) 1725)

Travel to West

Primary concern is military technology At war most of reign with very Little expansionImpressed w/ military strength Of West

Westernization of Russia

Start w/ noblesSee notes

Russia & Sweden After the Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern WarGreat Northern War

St Petersburg