Russia. Ivan IV At the age of 3, Ivan IV’s father dies, making him Crown Prince; his mother serves as a regent, but is assassinated via poison when.

RussiaRussia

Ivan IVIvan IVAt the age of 3, Ivan IV’s

father dies, making him Crown Prince; his mother serves as a regent, but is assassinated via poison when he is only 8

After this, boyars (nobles) rule until Ivan is old enough to take the throne, but the boyars still intimidate and offend him

Ivan IV (Ivan the Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)Terrible)

To make matters worse, Ivan’s beloved wife dies, and he begins to go crazy

He tells the boyars to swear allegiance to his infant son; they refuse◦So… he kills them◦This is one way that Ivan begins to

take power away from the nobles like any good absolute monarch would

Ivan, already completely mad, beats his pregnant daughter-in-law for wearing immodest clothing… it causes a miscarriage

His son hears of this and confronts Ivan; a fight happens and Ivan kills his own son

As for Ivan? He dies playing chess

So What?So What? Ivan the Terrible is the man who

created Russian feudalism: He passes a law that restricts peasant

movement, essentially making them serfs He introduced local self-

management in rural Russia The first Russian printing press

was created during his reign He wages the Livonian War (against

Poland, Lithuania, and Sweden) which nearly breaks Russia

He expands Russian territory AND… He’s the FIRST to be called a

TSAR

Time of TroublesTime of Troubles The Livonian Wars truly breaks Russia Having a crazy Tsar does not help After a few dynasties that struggle in post-

Ivan times, we find ourselves in the Times of Troubles

This includes continued fighting with the Poles as a disjointed nation led by boyars AND a huge famine that kills off TONS

Cossacks begin to get restless… not good for villages A Cossack is a militaristic community

(don’t mess with them) The Troubles end with boyars fighting

and Michael Romanov gaining control

RomanovsRomanovsMichael is grandnephew of Ivan

the Terrible’s wifeRomanov dynasty rules Russia for 300 years (1613-1917)

Peter the Great (1682-Peter the Great (1682-1725)1725)1696 – Peter

becomes sole ruler of Russia◦ He had a brother,

but he died

Make a Chart like this one for Make a Chart like this one for the next slidethe next slide

Russia Western Europe

Labor

Religion

Geography

Russia vs. EuropeRussia vs. Europe

Russia Western Europe

Labor – Russian landowners treat serfs like property. Serfdom lasts until the mid-1800s

Religion – Orthodox Christian

Geography – Geographically isolated and few seaports

Labor – many serfs have won their freedom and now live in the cities

Religion – Catholic and Protestant

Geography – Helped trade and made political connections possible

Peter The GreatPeter The GreatPeter thought that Russia was

very much behind the timesHe wanted Russia to become more like Western Europe

This meant that he and Russia had to engage in WESTERNIZATION

Westernization Westernization An adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western countries (esp. European or American)

Peter did this by◦Introducing potatoes◦Starting the first Russian newspaper◦Raising women’s status◦Ordering nobles to wear Western fashions◦Advancing education

Five Goals towards Five Goals towards WesternizationWesternizationGain land on the Baltic coast and

build a major port city there. Destroy the power of the

Streltsy (Russian guardsmen) so the army could be modernized.

Limit the power of the Boyars, the Russian nobility. 

Establish a strong Russian navy, both military and merchant. 

Gain acceptance from the rest of Europe that Russia was a major power basically by “modernizing”.

FIRST GOAL: THE SEAFIRST GOAL: THE SEA Russia has a lot of

water access to the North, but what tends to happen to water when it gets cold?

Peter needs a water route to Western Europe

He wants the Baltic Sea

This is probably the most important of Peter’s goals

Thanks to Peter the GreatThanks to Peter the Great

Well He DID Love To Well He DID Love To LearnLearn

Peter went on the famous “European Tour”

He dressed as a regular guy and went around Europe, learning the tools of the trade Blacksmiths,

tradesmen, bankers, sailors, weavers, he saw and did it all

When he returned to Russia, his head was full of ideas of how Russia should run in order for it to be “European”

I swear to God,

Mikhail, he said shave the whole thing off!

Peter orders his boyars to shave their beards and begin to dress in the Western style

Changes in Mother Changes in Mother RussiaRussia

Russia is divided into provinces and run on ‘police-state’ mode

Reformed the Russian Orthodox Church

Created the “Table of Ranks” Boyars no longer get their title by birth,

but by merit and service to the emperor (first their beards and now their titles… not too happy)

All nobles and royalty must go to school and receive an education!

Introduced new taxes Capital moved to St. Petersburg

and in Peterhof

St. Petersburg and St. Petersburg and PeterhofPeterhof

First, Peter liked his nameSt. Petersburg is created in order to look like Paris, a prestigious European city◦St. Petersburg is Peter’s “Window to the West”

Peterhof is the royal palace (completed in 1725), and is called the “Russian Versailles”

PETERHOF OR PETERHOF OR VERSAILLES?VERSAILLES?

VERSAILLES PETERHOF

PETERHOF OR PETERHOF OR VERSAILLES?VERSAILLES?

PETERHOF VERSAILLES

PETERHOF OR PETERHOF OR VERSAILLES?VERSAILLES?

PETERHOF VERSAILLES

ST PETERSBURG OR ST PETERSBURG OR PARIS?PARIS?

ST PETERSBURG PARIS