Russell Ockendon control centre built environment design consultants Fiona McDonald absolute INJURY SOLUTIONS 3 rd Annual Control Room Design & Operation Conference | 4-5 March 2015 | Melbourne Australia |
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Russell Ockendon control centre built environment design consultants Fiona McDonald absolute INJURY SOLUTIONS
3rd Annual Control Room Design & Operation Conference | 4-5 March 2015 | Melbourne Australia |
Ergo = work Nomos = arrange
Ergo = work Nomos = arrange The scien3fic study of the rela3onship between man and his working environment (Murrell, 1965)
Ergo = work Nomos = arrange The scien3fic study of the rela3onship between man and his working environment (Murrell, 1965)
A study of man’s behaviour in rela3on to his work (Grandjean, 1980)
Ergo = work Nomos = arrange The scien3fic study of the rela3onship between man and his working environment (Murrell, 1965)
A study of man’s behaviour in rela3on to his work (Grandjean, 1980)
The study of how humans accomplish work-‐related tasks in the context of human–machine systems (Meister, 1989)
Ergo = work Nomos = arrange The scien3fic study of the rela3onship between man and his working environment (Murrell, 1965)
A study of man’s behaviour in rela3on to his work (Grandjean, 1980)
The study of how humans accomplish work-‐related tasks in the context of human–machine systems (Meister, 1989)
Applied informa3on about human behaviour, abili3es, limita3ons and other characteris3cs to the design of tools, machines, tasks, jobs and environments (Sanders and McCormick, 1993)
Ergo = work Nomos = arrange The scien3fic study of the rela3onship between man and his working environment (Murrell, 1965)
A study of man’s behaviour in rela3on to his work (Grandjean, 1980)
The study of how humans accomplish work-‐related tasks in the context of human–machine systems (Meister, 1989)
Applied informa3on about human behaviour, abili3es, limita3ons and other characteris3cs to the design of tools, machines, tasks, jobs and environments (Sanders and McCormick, 1993)
That branch of science which seeks to turn human–machine antagonism into human–machine synergy (Hancock, 1997)
We have • humans • machines -‐hardware -‐soUware -‐buildings • the business /
organiza3on • the environment harmoniously integrated
Ref : ISO 11064:1 2000
Main objec+ve:
“to ensure that the control room is designed with adequate working condi3ons with regards human safety, well being and health whilst taking into account technological and economic efficiency”
“ a great design, not only requires great designers…it also requires great management, because the hardest part of producing a great product (control room) is co-‐ordina3ng all the many separate disciplines – each with their
different goals and priori3es” Ref : The design of everyday things – D.A. Norman 2013
Conflic3ng priori3es: • Timeframes for build and opera3on
• To be built economically
• High end appearance; pres3ge • Func3onality & Usability • Serviceability & Accessibility • Safe and Ergonomic
“ the process of ensuring that the users needs are met, that the resul3ng product is understandable, usable, that is accomplishes the desired tasks, and that the experience of use is posi3ve and enjoyable” Source: The design of everyday things. D.A.Norman 2013
Human Centred Design
support operator tasks
maximise situa3on awareness
provides safe and
comfortable environment
avoid human error
use colour & symbols effec3vely
A procedure for addressing these design requirements
Emphasis is on 2 things:
1. Solving the right problem
2. Doing so in a way that meets human needs and capabilities.
A procedure for addressing these design requirements
Emphasis is on 2 things:
1. Solving the right problem
2. Doing so in a way that meets human needs and capabilities.
A procedure for addressing these design requirements
Emphasis is on 2 things:
1. Solving the right problem
2. Doing so in a way that meets human needs and capabilities.
IDEA GENERATION
PROTOTYPING TESTING
OBSERVATION
• Observing the users in their natural environment, in their normal work roles, at all 3mes and during all modes of system opera3on.
• Ini3al research on the customer and the people who will be using the control room
• To understand the nature of the problem
• To understand users roles, interests and needs
• Observing the users in their natural environment, in their normal work roles, at all 3mes and during all modes of system opera3on.
• Ini3al research on the customer and the people who will be using the control room
• To understand the nature of the problem
• To understand users roles, interests and needs
• Observing the users in their natural environment, in their normal work roles, at all 3mes and during all modes of system opera3on.
• Ini3al research on the customer and the people who will be using the control room
• To understand the nature of the problem
• To understand users roles, interests and needs
• Observing the users in their natural environment, in their normal work roles, at all 3mes and during all modes of system opera3on.
• Ini3al research on the customer and the people who will be using the control room
• To understand the nature of the problem
• To understand users roles, interests and needs
• Observing the users in their natural environment, in their normal work roles, at all 3mes and during all modes of system opera3on.
• Ini3al research on the customer and the people who will be using the control room
• To understand the nature of the problem
• To understand users roles, interests and needs
GENERAL USER CONSIDERATIONS Anthropometry (body sizes), range of capabilities, range of postures & visual needs. Multiple/single users, control design
VISUAL TASKS Viewing locations, distances, font, colours, data, primary & secondary displays, ageing/visual limitations
AUDITORY TASKS alarms, speakers, radios, phones, location & mounting
WORKING POSTURES Variety, seating, clearances, forearm supports etc, 24/7 requirements
DISPLAYS Caters for full range of operating scenarios, meets visual, aural and tactile needs. Distribution between wall mounted off-desk and on-desk, location, arrangement, adjustability, to meet anthropometric needs.
CONTROLS Adequate space & location, left & right handed users, allocation clearly identifiable, emergency controls
MAINTENANCE & CABLE MANAGEMENT Suitably housed and accessible.
VISUAL DISPLAYS & DISTANCES
DESIGN OF FLOOR PLAN / SAFETY Multiple / single floor levels
WORKING SPACE single/multiple operator; shift handover
WINDOWS Relative to workstations
FUTURE EXPANSION NEEDS
VERTICAL SPACE
VISITORS
WORKSTATION LAYOUTS & OPERATIONAL LINKS
Communication, visual needs, day v’s night, location of a/c & lighting, off-desk screens
TEAM WORKING NEEDS
ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS Supervisory locations
ROOM LAYOUT Group/single workstations, noise, circulation
CONSISTENCY THROUGHOUT BUSINESS
PHYSICALLY DISADVANTAGED
PERSONAL STORAGE
POSTURE VARIATION & BODY SIZE
USER GROUPS Integrated; single user; multiple user
COMMUNICATION NEEDS Visual, verbal, within, external
TRAFFIC AND ROUTING Access, distractions
ENTRANCES & EXITS Security, locations, supervision
ENVIRONMENT Physical & psychological impact, glare, reflections, temperature, vibration, colour, ambience, lighting
CLEANING Materials used, design of equipment
MAINTENANCE Access, location to operators
VISITORS Access needs, “fishbowl” issues, noise, distraction
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Access, storage, location to operators
EQUIPMENT AREAS IT, electrical
WELFARE AREAS PPE, personal storage, toilets, showers, meeting rooms, cultural needs, kitchen, rest areas
MISCELLANEOUS Conference, study, training needs. Emergency response areas
THERMAL CONDITIONS Internal climatic environmental conditons, person control over temperature,
AIR QUALITY Air draughts, noise and vibration from a/c units, adjacent rooms and odors
LIGHTING Flexibility of lighting options 24/7, vigilance, glare, reflections, windows, skylights, artificial lighting, luminaires, visual access to daylight, control of natural lighting
ACOUSTICS Inter-person communication, alarms, concentration needs, annoyance levels, ability to discriminate auditory information, acoustic disabilities
VIBRATION Location in relation to sources of vibration
INTERIOR DESIGN & AESTHETICS Calming work environment; colours and psychological effects; floor surfaces, workstation & equipment finishes, non-reflective luminaires, blinds and glazing, sound absorbing furnishings.
The stage of genera3ng poten3al solu3ons -‐ Crea3vity is cri3cal without regards to constraints
-‐ Generate numerous ideas
-‐ Ques3on everything -‐ challenge the old ways -‐ Ask stupid ques3ons
“The only way to really know whether an idea is reasonable is to test it”
Initial drawings / sketches Simple mock-ups
• Mocking up the prototypes to full scale and allowing users to touch & feel the design
• Allow users to discuss likes, dislikes, frustrations out loud whilst using mock-up. Can use rating surveys, formal questioning etc.
• Don’t be afraid of criticism, it can only be for the good of the design. • Review the design and look for where further improvements can be made and what are the positive design features.
• Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement • Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as
we move through the process • Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as
making sure the solution is appropriate • To achieve good control room design we need to do
repeated study and testing. • With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the
specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product
• Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement • Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as
we move through the process • Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as
making sure the solution is appropriate • To achieve good control room design we need to do
repeated study and testing. • With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the
specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product
• Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement • Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as
we move through the process • Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as
making sure the solution is appropriate • To achieve good control room design we need to do
repeated study and testing. • With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the
specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product
• Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement • Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as
we move through the process • Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as
making sure the solution is appropriate • To achieve good control room design we need to do
repeated study and testing. • With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the
specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product
• Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement • Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as
we move through the process • Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as
making sure the solution is appropriate • To achieve good control room design we need to do
repeated study and testing. • With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the
specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product
• Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement • Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as
we move through the process • Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as
making sure the solution is appropriate • To achieve good control room design we need to do
repeated study and testing. • With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the
specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product
• When the design team manager feels that the highest quality design has been achieved within the design schedule
• Usually just before the deadline for the design team
• When the design team manager feels that the highest quality design has been achieved within the design schedule
• Usually just before the deadline for the design team
• When the design team manager feels that the highest quality design has been achieved within the design schedule
• Usually just before the deadline for the design team
• When the design team manager feels that the highest quality design has been achieved within the design schedule
• Usually just before the deadline for the design team
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