A Common Straight Emergency Power System Scenarioy
CommercialUtility Power
UPS SystemTransfer Switchgear
Network Computer
EmergencyGenerators
UPS Batteries
Loads
Air conditioning, Lighting,Mechanical, Building Loads, etc.Generator Paralleling
Control Switchgear
g
Normal OperationCommercialUtility Power
UPS SystemTransfer Switchgear
Network Computer
EmergencyGenerators
UPS Batteries
Loads
Cooling & LightingT C t To Computers
Generator ParallelingControl Switchgear
Air conditioning, Lighting,Mechanical Loads, etc.
g
When Power First FailsUtility Bus Goes Black
Transfer SwitchgearUPS SystemCommercial
Utility Power
Network Computer UPS System Immediately
EmergencyGenerators
UPS Batteries
pLoadsImmediatelyAssumes ComputerLoads Loads
Generators Then Feed Generator ParallelingControl Switchgear
Air conditioning, Lighting,Mechanical Loads, etc.
When Utility PowerBuilding Loads Through Switchgear and Transfer Switches
g yis Restored…
System Automatically Returns to Normal Operation
CommercialUtility Power Transfer Switchgear
UPS System
Network Computer
EmergencyGenerators
UPS Batteries
Loads
Cooling & LightingT C t To Computers
Generator ParallelingControl Switchgear
Air conditioning, Lighting,Mechanical Loads, etc.
g
AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHESAUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES
Definition:Definition:An Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is a, high speed switching device designed to An Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is a, high speed switching device designed to safely transfer electrical loads from a power source to an alternate power source safely transfer electrical loads from a power source to an alternate power source upon reduction or loss of voltage & to retransfer to the original source when upon reduction or loss of voltage & to retransfer to the original source when
power is restored.power is restored.
ATS APPLICATIONSATS APPLICATIONSATS APPLICATIONSATS APPLICATIONS
Where does an ATS fit into a Building Distribution System?Where does an ATS fit into a Building Distribution System?
Utility isLoad is fed
by emergencyUtility isRestored
UnloadedengineEngine
shuts downSimpleSimpleOneOne--line,line,of ATSof ATS
Utility isLost
y g ypowerRestoredcool down
periodsystem returned
to normaloperation
TransferringTransferringBetweenBetweenUtility &Utility &Utility & Utility & GeneratorGenerator
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF ANMAJOR COMPONENTS OF ANAUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHAUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHU O C S S CU O C S S C
2. VoltageSensing& Control
1. SwitchingSection & Control
Section
3. PLC Control
•• In an “over center,” (spring loaded design). The mechanisms which drive In an “over center,” (spring loaded design). The mechanisms which drive the contacts utilize a spring assisted motor operated concept. This design the contacts utilize a spring assisted motor operated concept. This design provides for a “quickprovides for a “quick--break, quickbreak, quick--make” operation, with full arc make” operation, with full arc interruption under maximum voltage and amperageinterruption under maximum voltage and amperageinterruption, under maximum voltage and amperage. interruption, under maximum voltage and amperage.
Over CenterOver CenterO e Ce eO e Ce eSpring MechanismSpring Mechanism Initial Point of ContactInitial Point of Contact
A Critical Component:A Critical Component:
Transfer ContactsTransfer Contacts
RusselectricRusselectric2000 ampere2000 ampererated movablerated movablerated movablerated movablefinger contactfinger contactassemblyassembly
T f S it h C t lT f S it h C t lTransfer Switch Controls...Transfer Switch Controls...
Any PLC Controller should operate with Any PLC Controller should operate with an industry standard an industry standard open architectureopen architecturecommunication protocol for Windows communication protocol for Windows compatible, high speed serial compatible, high speed serial communications via multicommunications via multi dropdropcommunications via multicommunications via multi--drop drop connection, fiber optic, or wireless to connection, fiber optic, or wireless to other controllers and/or to a master other controllers and/or to a master terminalterminalterminal. terminal.
System settings should be performed System settings should be performed locally, through a menu driven touch locally, through a menu driven touch screen or remotely to master terminal/sscreen or remotely to master terminal/sscreen or remotely, to master terminal/s.screen or remotely, to master terminal/s.
The Microprocessor (PLC)The Microprocessor (PLC)The Microprocessor (PLC) The Microprocessor (PLC) Controller is designed Controller is designed specifically to be the central specifically to be the central operating system foroperating system foroperating system for operating system for Transfer Switches and will Transfer Switches and will communicate with any open communicate with any open
hit t t l d ihit t t l d i
It is integrated into the It is integrated into the h d i d i it O th d i d i it O t
architecture protocol device.architecture protocol device.
hard wired circuitry. Optohard wired circuitry. Opto--Isolators carry signals Isolators carry signals between PLC logic and between PLC logic and traditional electrotraditional electro--mechanical controls.mechanical controls.
FEATURES COMMON TO ALL RUSSELECTRIC FEATURES COMMON TO ALL RUSSELECTRIC TRANSFER SWITCHESTRANSFER SWITCHESTRANSFER SWITCHESTRANSFER SWITCHES
•UL LISTED through 4000 amperes for 2, 3, and 4 pole configurations•Simple unidirectional motor operator•High-Speed transfer mechanism•Rapid arc quenching•Safe manual operator provides same instantaneous contact opening andcontact closing speed as electrical operator (on all open transitioncontact closing speed as electrical operator (on all open transition
transferswitches)
•Positive mechanical and electrical interlocking (on all open transitiontransfer switches)
•100% Continuous duty rated (6x for motor inrush)•The Industry’s Highest 3-Cycle Close and Withstand Ratings•Open type (switchboard construction available)Open type (switchboard construction available)
Let’s discuss 4 pole Let’s discuss 4 pole (switched neutral designs)…(switched neutral designs)…
Fully Rated Switched Neutral:Fully Rated Switched Neutral:
LNormal SourceNeutral
LBreaks
LEmergency
N EOverlapping NeutralVs
N EBefore
N E
EmergencyMakes
Overlapping Neutral(One Line of Neutral Bus. or, 4th pole)(One Line of Neutral Bus. or, 4th pole)
(Same construction and withstand rating as the main power poles)(Same construction and withstand rating as the main power poles)
Overlapping NeutralOverlapping NeutralOverlapping NeutralOverlapping Neutral
(Other Approach)(Other Approach)
LEmergency Source
LNormal SourceNeutral L
B k
N E
g yNeutral
N EBefore Makes
ENBreaks
(One Line of Neutral Bus or, 4th pole)(One Line of Neutral Bus or, 4th pole)
Switching inductive loads...Switching inductive loads...
Dual Motor OperatedDual Motor OperatedTransfer SwitchTransfer Switch
NN Motor #1Motor #1drives thedrives thenormal sourcenormal source
Nnormal source normal source contactscontactsopenopen
The load source The load source is disconnected is disconnected for anfor an
LLfor an for an adjustable adjustable period to allow period to allow regenerative regenerative
M1M2
Lpower to decaypower to decay
Motor #2Motor #2th d i thth d i th
M2
then drives the then drives the emergencyemergencysource source contactscontactscontactscontactsclosedclosed
Transfer Switches with Bypass IsolationTransfer Switches with Bypass IsolationTransfer Switches with Bypass Isolation Transfer Switches with Bypass Isolation OverviewOverview
Bypass Isolation SwitchesBypass Isolation Switchesypyp
A manually operated device used in conjunction with a transfer switch Definition:Definition:
y p jto provide a means of directly connecting load conductors to a power source and of disconnecting the transfer switch.
StandardsStandardsStandardsStandards
The Applicable Standards are:The Applicable Standards are:
••ANSIANSI••ULULULUL••IEEEIEEE••NEMANEMA••NEMANEMA
Application:Application:pppp
RTB(D)RTB(D) -- Load Break Design:Load Break Design: Where a bypassWhere a bypass RTB(D) RTB(D) Load Break Design:Load Break Design: Where a bypass Where a bypass isolation switch is required and simplicity of operation isolation switch is required and simplicity of operation is critical during an emergency conditionis critical during an emergency condition
Lets Talk Conceptually About LLets Talk Conceptually About Load Break & No Load Breakoad Break & No Load BreakBypass SwitchesBypass Switches
ATS
ypyp
ATSATS
NORM ISOLATE
ATS
RTB(D)RTB(D) L dL d
NORM ISOLATE
ATS
LoadLoadBreakBreak
NORM ISOLATE
ATS
NORM ISOLATE
ATS
NORM ISOLATE
ATS
RTB(D)RTB(D) -- Load Load Break design Break design (Break(Break BeforeBefore
NORM ISOLATE
ATS
BPN BPEAUTO
RTB(D)RTB(D) -- Load Load Break design Break design (Break(Break--BeforeBefore--M k B )M k B )
BPN BPEAUTO
BreakBreakContactsContacts
Load Load Momentarily Momentarily DisconnectedDisconnected
BPN BPEAUTO
BPN BPEAUTO
BPN BPEAUTO
(Break(Break--BeforeBefore--Make Bypass)Make Bypass)BPN BPE
AUTO
LOAD
BPN BPEMake Bypass)Make Bypass) BypassBypassHandleHandle
LOAD
BPN BPE
LOAD
BPN BPEIf the transfer switch portion is bypassed & isolated to normal and the
l
BPN BPEEmergency Power Available
BPN BPE
Switch Bypassed
to
BPN BPE
Can rack back in no matter what position the ATS is in.
Should NormalSource return
NORMAL
LOAD
EMERGENCYNORMAL
LOAD
EMERGENCYNORMAL
LOAD
EMERGENCYLOAD
BYPASSED TO NORMAL
normal power fails an engine start signal will initiate...NORMAL
LOAD
EMERGENCYNORMAL
LOAD
EMERGENCY
Emergency
NORMAL
LOAD
EMERGENCY
the ATS is in.Source returnswitch can still beracked in
Benefits of the Load Break Benefits of the Load Break Bypass DesignBypass Design
Power can be maintained to load during ATS failurePower can be maintained to load during ATS failure Provides a means of bypassing the ATS for Provides a means of bypassing the ATS for
maintenancemaintenance No elaborate system of electrical solenoids electricalNo elaborate system of electrical solenoids electrical No elaborate system of electrical solenoids, electrical No elaborate system of electrical solenoids, electrical
interlocks or mechanical interlocksinterlocks or mechanical interlocks Fast, Simple and Easy OperationFast, Simple and Easy Operation
Benefits of the No Load Break Benefits of the No Load Break Bypass DesignBypass Design
Power can be maintained to load during ATS failurePower can be maintained to load during ATS failure Provides a means of bypassing the ATS for Provides a means of bypassing the ATS for
maintenance without load interruptionmaintenance without load interruption
Operation Operation –– (Load Break Bypass Switch)(Load Break Bypass Switch)pp ( yp )( yp )
1. Observe1. Observe -- that the source is availablethat the source is available
2. Slide2. Slide -- the handle over to the the handle over to the desired/available sourcedesired/available source
3. Pull3. Pull -- the bypass handle downthe bypass handle down
4 Pull4 Pull isolating handle to isolate ATSisolating handle to isolate ATS4. Pull4. Pull -- isolating handle to isolate ATSisolating handle to isolate ATS
1. Observe - that the source is available
2. Slide - the handle over to the desired/available source
d 3 P ll th b h dl dand 3. Pull - the bypass handle down
4. Pull - isolating handle to isolate ATS
Rack-out - Remove ATS if desired
If Normal Source is lost while Isolated or Racked out- Engine start signal will automatically be given. WhenEmergency source is available, bypass to Emergency
Slide Bypass Handle over to Emergency
Pull Down Bypass Handle to Emergency
Important Construction FeaturesImportant Construction Featurespp
1212--gauge steel enclosuregauge steel enclosure Plenty of cable bending spacePlenty of cable bending space No aluminum bus or componentsNo aluminum bus or components No aluminum bus or componentsNo aluminum bus or components Bus connections Bus connections -- Belleville type compression Belleville type compression
washerswashers SelfSelf aligning ATS drawaligning ATS draw outout SelfSelf--aligning ATS drawaligning ATS draw--outout Maintain Engine Start on Bypass to EmergencyMaintain Engine Start on Bypass to Emergency
R l t i ATS R tiR l t i ATS R tiRusselectric ATS Ratings,Russelectric ATS Ratings,33--Cycle Close and WithstandCycle Close and Withstand
100 100 -- 400 Ampere400 Ampere 42,000 Amps42,000 Amps
600 600 -- 800 Ampere800 Ampere 65,000 Amps65,000 Amps
10001000 1200 Ampere1200 Ampere 85 000 Amps85 000 Amps 1000 1000 -- 1200 Ampere1200 Ampere 85,000 Amps85,000 Amps
1600 1600 -- 4000 Ampere4000 Ampere 100,000 Amps100,000 Amps
Additional Power Monitoring (Upgrade)Additional Power Monitoring (Upgrade)g ( pg )g ( pg )
AC P M itAC P M it AC Power MonitorAC Power Monitor–– Transducer SectionTransducer Section–– Protective Relay SectionProtective Relay Section
Current Current T fT fTransformersTransformers
AC Power MonitorAC Power Monitor
Power Monitoring Power Monitoring cont.cont.gg
AC Power MonitorAC Power Monitor
++True RMS voltage measurement of each phase of both the normal andTrue RMS voltage measurement of each phase of both the normal and
Transducer SectionTransducer SectionTrue RMS voltage measurement of each phase of both the normal andTrue RMS voltage measurement of each phase of both the normal and
emergency sourcesemergency sources
++Frequency of both sourcesFrequency of both sources
++True RMS current of each phaseTrue RMS current of each phase
++Power factor relative to either voltage sourcePower factor relative to either voltage source++Power factor relative to either voltage sourcePower factor relative to either voltage source
++Phase sequence of each sourcePhase sequence of each source
++True and reactive power consumptionTrue and reactive power consumption
AC P M itAC P M it AC Power MonitorAC Power Monitor
Protective Relay SectionProtective Relay Section++Undervoltage and underfrequency sensing of each sourceUndervoltage and underfrequency sensing of each source
++Overvoltage and overfrequency sensing of each sourceOvervoltage and overfrequency sensing of each source
++Phase reversal protection of each sourcePhase reversal protection of each source
++Voltage differential protection of each sourceVoltage differential protection of each source++Voltage differential protection of each sourceVoltage differential protection of each source
++Synchronizing check between the normal and emergency sourcesSynchronizing check between the normal and emergency sources
Power MonitoringPower Monitoring cont.cont.
P M it iP M it i Power MonitoringPower Monitoring Historical DataHistorical Data
–– Logs the last 100 eventsLogs the last 100 eventsgg–– No more codesNo more codes
Serial CommunicationsSerial Communications
Power Monitoring & Control ScreenPower Monitoring & Control Screen
ModBus CommunicationsModBus Communications
Emer 480 vB CEmer 480 vA - B
Amps 403 AAAmps 411 ABAmps 409 AC
AmperesAmperes
Emergency Emergency
Amps 403 AAAmps 411 ABAmps 409 AC
Norm 480 vB - CNorm 480 vA - B
Norm 480 vC - ANorm Freq
Emer 480 vB - CEmer 480 vC - AEmer Freq
Emer 480 vB - CEmer 480 vA - B
Emer 480 vC - AEmer Freq
Norm 480 vB - CNorm 480 vA - B
Norm 480 vC - ANorm Freq
g yg yVoltageVoltage
Normal Normal VoltageVoltage
KWattsKVarsKVAPF
5.40011.7612.820.42
Date 07/04/02Time 12:15:38TSE Closed
Event #100Norm Freq
KW, Kvar, KVA, PFKW, Kvar, KVA, PF
FirstFirst
o tageo tage
KWattsKVarsKVAPF
5.40011.7612.820.42
Date 07/04/02Time 12:15:38TSE Closed
Event #100
First First Status Status ScreenScreen
Historical DataHistorical Data–– Logs the last 100 eventsLogs the last 100 events–– In English; No more codesIn English; No more codes
ATS Control Screens, Ethernet, Fiber Optic or Web BasedATS Control Screens, Ethernet, Fiber Optic or Web BasedMain ScreenMain Screen
Example: Normal Real Time TrendExample: Normal Real Time Trend(Shown flat(Shown flat--lining)lining)
Power MonitoringPower Monitoring cont.cont.
P M it iP M it i Power MonitoringPower Monitoring Historical DataHistorical Data Serial CommunicationsSerial Communications Serial CommunicationsSerial Communications
–– Plugs directly into MicroprocessorPlugs directly into Microprocessor
Generator Control SwitchgearGenerator Control Switchgear
Types of SystemsTypes of SystemsTypes of SystemsTypes of Systems
E SE S
P k ShP k Sh
Emergency SystemsEmergency Systems
•• Peak ShavePeak Shave
•• Utility ParallelUtility ParallelUtility ParallelUtility Parallel
•• CogenerationCogeneration
Prime Power SystemsPrime Power Systems
gg
Prime Power SystemsPrime Power Systems
T pes of Operational ModesT pes of Operational ModesTypes of Operational ModesTypes of Operational Modes
•• Open TransitionOpen Transition
•• Closed TransitionClosed Transition
Open Transition ModeOpen Transition ModeOpen Transition ModeOpen Transition Mode
An open transition mode of operation is a method of transferring a loadAn open transition mode of operation is a method of transferring a loadAn open transition mode of operation is a method of transferring a load An open transition mode of operation is a method of transferring a load between two sources with an interruption of power during the transfer. between two sources with an interruption of power during the transfer.
Load ControlLoad Control
Load priorityLoad priority -- The load priority scheme in an The load priority scheme in an emergency system is based upon the number of emergency system is based upon the number of
i ti tengine generators. engine generators.
Load shedLoad shed -- Failure of an engine generator causes the Failure of an engine generator causes the lowest priority level load to be shed.lowest priority level load to be shed.
Load shedLoad shed bypass bypass -- Manually override the load shed Manually override the load shed control so that a previously shed load can be recontrol so that a previously shed load can be re--added added even though the emergency system does not have all even though the emergency system does not have all of of the engine generators availablethe engine generators availablethe engine generators available.the engine generators available.
Load DemandLoad Demand -- The number of engine generators The number of engine generators required to be on line is based upon the bus kWrequired to be on line is based upon the bus kWrequired to be on line is based upon the bus kW. required to be on line is based upon the bus kW.
Closed Transition ModeClosed Transition ModeClosed Transition ModeClosed Transition Mode
A closed transition mode of operation is a A closed transition mode of operation is a method of either:method of either:method of either:method of either:
1) Transferring a facility’s load between the utility 1) Transferring a facility’s load between the utility and generator or 2) operating a generator inand generator or 2) operating a generator inand generator or 2) operating a generator in and generator or 2) operating a generator in continuous parallel with the utility service, continuous parallel with the utility service, withoutwithoutan interruption of service. an interruption of service.
Why Would A Facility Prefer a Closed Transition Why Would A Facility Prefer a Closed Transition y ou d ac y e e a C osed a s oy ou d ac y e e a C osed a s oMode of Operation?Mode of Operation?
•• Desire not to interrupt loads duringDesire not to interrupt loads during•• Desire not to interrupt loads during Desire not to interrupt loads during transfers back to the utility after a power transfers back to the utility after a power outageoutage
•• Participation in a Utility sponsored load Participation in a Utility sponsored load reduction programreduction program
Advantages of a Switchgear Controlled Closed Advantages of a Switchgear Controlled Closed Transition Mode of OperationTransition Mode of Operation
Active phase lock synchronization of generator to the Active phase lock synchronization of generator to the utilityutility
Gradual transfer of load between utility and generator Gradual transfer of load between utility and generator eliminating unwanted system transientseliminating unwanted system transients
Utility involvement and approvalUtility involvement and approval Utility involvement and approvalUtility involvement and approval Protection of each source from the other while Protection of each source from the other while
paralleledparalleled
2 Common Classes of Switchgear 2 Common Classes of Switchgear ManufacturedManufacturedManufacturedManufactured
•• Low Voltage SwitchgearLow Voltage Switchgear
Medi m Voltage S itchgearMedi m Voltage S itchgear
Low Voltage SwitchgearLow Voltage Switchgear
600 VAC and below600 VAC and below
•• Medium Voltage SwitchgearMedium Voltage Switchgear
5 kV, 15 kV and 27 kV5 kV, 15 kV and 27 kV
•• Equipment Should be Manufactured to the Equipment Should be Manufactured to the following Standards: ANSI, NEMA, ULfollowing Standards: ANSI, NEMA, UL
•• All Equipment Should be listed and All Equipment Should be listed and labeled in UL labeled in UL under the Manufacturer’s under the Manufacturer’s namenamenamename
Low Voltage SwitchgearLow Voltage Switchgearg gg g
•• Metal enclosed constructionMetal enclosed construction
•• Two UL Standards apply:Two UL Standards apply:
•• Metal enclosed constructionMetal enclosed construction
891891•• 891891
•• 15581558
Two bus bracing ratings:Two bus bracing ratings:
•• Bus sizes: 1000 through 10,000 Bus sizes: 1000 through 10,000 amperesamperes
•• Two bus bracing ratings:Two bus bracing ratings:
•• 100 kA100 kA
•• 200 kA200 kA
UL 891
UL 1558
4000A Rated Bus - UL 891 4000A Rated Bus - UL 1558
UL 1558 Switchgear Construction•Built To UL Std. 1558•The Most Robust In Terms Of BusWork, Bracing, Insulation, And
UL 1558 Switchgear Construction•Built To UL Std. 1558•The Most Robust In Terms Of BusWork, Bracing, Insulation, And
Switchgear Bus Construction•Built To UL Std. 891•Less Robust Construction•Rated (but not tested) For 65,000 AIC
Switchgear Bus Construction•Built To UL Std. 891•Less Robust Construction•Rated (but not tested) For 65,000 AIC
Short Circuit Withstand•Rated & Tested For 200,000 AIC Short Circuit Withstand
Short Circuit Withstand•Rated & Tested For 200,000 AIC Short Circuit Withstand
Short Circuit WithstandShort Circuit Withstand
UL 891
UL 1558
4000A Rated Bus - UL 891 4000A Rated Bus - UL 1558
More on ConstructionMore on Construction Metal EnclosedMetal EnclosedMore on Construction More on Construction -- Metal Enclosed Metal Enclosed
•• Voltages up to 600 VACVoltages up to 600 VAC
•• Insulated main bus not required Insulated main bus not required
•• Insulated bus joints not requiredInsulated bus joints not requiredInsulated bus joints not requiredInsulated bus joints not required
•• Circuit breakers can either be Circuit breakers can either be fixed mounted or drawfixed mounted or draw--outout
•• DrawDraw--out breakers can have out breakers can have exposed cradle stationary exposed cradle stationary
fixed mounted or drawfixed mounted or draw outout
p yp ycontacts when the breaker contacts when the breaker element is removedelement is removed
•• PT’s are fixed mounted in main PT’s are fixed mounted in main bus compartmentbus compartment
M di V lt S it hM di V lt S it hMedium Voltage SwitchgearMedium Voltage Switchgear
M t lM t l l d t til d t ti
•• UL Standard for MetalUL Standard for Metal--Clad Clad
•• Metal Metal -- clad constructionclad construction
switchgear over 600 VAC switchgear over 600 VAC DLAH Standard for Metal Clad DLAH Standard for Metal Clad Swgr over 600 VoltsSwgr over 600 VoltsSwgr., over 600 VoltsSwgr., over 600 Volts
•• Bus sizes: 1000, 2000 & 3000 Bus sizes: 1000, 2000 & 3000
•• Bus braced for 1000 MVA Bus braced for 1000 MVA
amperesamperes
More on ConstructionMore on Construction Metal CladMetal Clad•• Voltages above 600 VACVoltages above 600 VAC
More on Construction More on Construction -- Metal Clad Metal Clad
•• Insulated main bus Insulated main bus
•• Insulated bus jointsInsulated bus joints
Ci it b k t h h tt tCi it b k t h h tt t
Insulated bus jointsInsulated bus joints
•• Circuit breakers must be drawCircuit breakers must be draw--outout
•• Circuit breakers must have shutters to Circuit breakers must have shutters to barrier cradle stationary contacts barrier cradle stationary contacts when the breaker element is removedwhen the breaker element is removed
•• PT’s required to be drawPT’s required to be draw--out with automatic out with automatic disconnect means or fixed mounted in an isolated disconnect means or fixed mounted in an isolated compartment accessible only after power compartment accessible only after power removed removed
More on ConstructionMore on Construction Metal CladMetal CladMore on Construction More on Construction -- Metal Clad Metal Clad
More on ConstructionMore on Construction Metal CladMetal CladMore on Construction More on Construction -- Metal Clad Metal Clad
More on ConstructionMore on Construction Metal CladMetal CladMore on Construction More on Construction -- Metal Clad Metal Clad
Critical Facilities and Built in RedundancyCritical Facilities and Built in Redundancy
Does Your BackDoes Your Back--up System Have a Backup System Have a Back--up System?up System?
Important Questions & ConsiderationsImportant Questions & Considerations
Cost, in terms of life safety or financial loss, as the result of a catastrophic power Cost, in terms of life safety or financial loss, as the result of a catastrophic power Cost, in terms of life safety or financial loss, as the result of a catastrophic power Cost, in terms of life safety or financial loss, as the result of a catastrophic power
Important Questions & ConsiderationsImportant Questions & Considerations
, y , p p, y , p pfailure.failure.
, y , p p, y , p pfailure.failure.
In the case of healthcare, you may be thinking: “One can never put a price on life andIn the case of healthcare, you may be thinking: “One can never put a price on life andIn the case of healthcare, you may be thinking: “One can never put a price on life andIn the case of healthcare, you may be thinking: “One can never put a price on life andIn the case of healthcare, you may be thinking: One can never put a price on life and In the case of healthcare, you may be thinking: One can never put a price on life and limb”…limb”…In the case of healthcare, you may be thinking: One can never put a price on life and In the case of healthcare, you may be thinking: One can never put a price on life and limb”…limb”…
Or in the case of protecting data, you may be thinking: Or in the case of protecting data, you may be thinking: “The cost of an outage would far exceed that of any price differential in emergency “The cost of an outage would far exceed that of any price differential in emergency equipment, or maybe even the cost of an entire system”…equipment, or maybe even the cost of an entire system”…
Or in the case of protecting data, you may be thinking: Or in the case of protecting data, you may be thinking: “The cost of an outage would far exceed that of any price differential in emergency “The cost of an outage would far exceed that of any price differential in emergency equipment, or maybe even the cost of an entire system”…equipment, or maybe even the cost of an entire system”…
UpUp--front cost of Original Equipment is a Major Considerationfront cost of Original Equipment is a Major ConsiderationUpUp--front cost of Original Equipment is a Major Considerationfront cost of Original Equipment is a Major Consideration
When considering the criticality of protecting facilities from power outages, it’s When considering the criticality of protecting facilities from power outages, it’s prudent to be aware of the differences in design philosophies between the various prudent to be aware of the differences in design philosophies between the various manufacturers of emergency power equipment.manufacturers of emergency power equipment.
When considering the criticality of protecting facilities from power outages, it’s When considering the criticality of protecting facilities from power outages, it’s prudent to be aware of the differences in design philosophies between the various prudent to be aware of the differences in design philosophies between the various manufacturers of emergency power equipment.manufacturers of emergency power equipment.
Depending on the facility, a power control system Depending on the facility, a power control system which provides full manual backwhich provides full manual back--up to insure a meansup to insure a meanswhich provides full manual backwhich provides full manual back up to insure a means up to insure a means for controlling the system in the event of complete PLC for controlling the system in the event of complete PLC failure my be a wise choice.failure my be a wise choice.
Manual ControlsManual ControlsDigitalDigitalControlControl
Let us consider the importance of redundant Let us consider the importance of redundant Digital ControlDigital ControlDigital Control …Digital Control …
Dual Redundant PLC’s, running in tandemDual Redundant PLC’s, running in tandem(Hot Back(Hot Back--up)up)
Dual Redundant PLC’s, running in tandemDual Redundant PLC’s, running in tandem(Hot Back(Hot Back--up)up)
With Separate and Distributed I/O Rack in the Master CubicleWith Separate and Distributed I/O Rack in the Master CubicleWith Separate and Distributed I/O Rack in the Master CubicleWith Separate and Distributed I/O Rack in the Master Cubicle
Why is Full Manual BackWhy is Full Manual Back--up important?up important?Why is Full Manual BackWhy is Full Manual Back--up important?up important?Why is Full Manual BackWhy is Full Manual Back--up important?...up important?...Why is Full Manual BackWhy is Full Manual Back--up important?...up important?...
In complex and critical applications, where you may someday be reduced to relying on pure manual In complex and critical applications, where you may someday be reduced to relying on pure manual control control ––as a result of a major failure, you really need an isolated, hardwired fully independent means to as a result of a major failure, you really need an isolated, hardwired fully independent means to be able to perform all functions manually.be able to perform all functions manually.
In complex and critical applications, where you may someday be reduced to relying on pure manual In complex and critical applications, where you may someday be reduced to relying on pure manual control control ––as a result of a major failure, you really need an isolated, hardwired fully independent means to as a result of a major failure, you really need an isolated, hardwired fully independent means to be able to perform all functions manually.be able to perform all functions manually.
It’s vital to be able to:It’s vital to be able to:It’s vital to be able to:It’s vital to be able to:
••Be in a quiet area, away from engine noise to calmly navigate your system through a crisis period.Be in a quiet area, away from engine noise to calmly navigate your system through a crisis period.••Be in a quiet area, away from engine noise to calmly navigate your system through a crisis period.Be in a quiet area, away from engine noise to calmly navigate your system through a crisis period.
••Be able to control engines… Start them, get them synchronized and paralleled to the Emergency Bus… Be able to control engines… Start them, get them synchronized and paralleled to the Emergency Bus… Perform Load Shed, load add functions…Perform Load Shed, load add functions…••Be able to control engines… Start them, get them synchronized and paralleled to the Emergency Bus… Be able to control engines… Start them, get them synchronized and paralleled to the Emergency Bus… Perform Load Shed, load add functions…Perform Load Shed, load add functions…
••Be able to control the system as it relates to the Utility side of the infrastructureBe able to control the system as it relates to the Utility side of the infrastructureUtility paralleling, metering, tie breaker control, etc.Utility paralleling, metering, tie breaker control, etc.••Be able to control the system as it relates to the Utility side of the infrastructureBe able to control the system as it relates to the Utility side of the infrastructureUtility paralleling, metering, tie breaker control, etc.Utility paralleling, metering, tie breaker control, etc.
Please be aware that:Please be aware that:Please be aware that:Please be aware that:
••Some manufacturers offer packages with no means of hardwired manual backSome manufacturers offer packages with no means of hardwired manual back upup••Some manufacturers offer packages with no means of hardwired manual backSome manufacturers offer packages with no means of hardwired manual back upup••Some manufacturers offer packages with no means of hardwired manual backSome manufacturers offer packages with no means of hardwired manual back--up.up.••Some manufacturers offer packages with no means of hardwired manual backSome manufacturers offer packages with no means of hardwired manual back--up.up.
••Some offer full manual backSome offer full manual back--up, but only outside of their standard package.up, but only outside of their standard package.••Some offer full manual backSome offer full manual back--up, but only outside of their standard package.up, but only outside of their standard package.
••Some offer semi manual backSome offer semi manual back--up, where some functions and controls are hardwired, with metering up, where some functions and controls are hardwired, with metering remaining digital (virtual).remaining digital (virtual).••Some offer semi manual backSome offer semi manual back--up, where some functions and controls are hardwired, with metering up, where some functions and controls are hardwired, with metering remaining digital (virtual).remaining digital (virtual).
Typical Control PackageTypical Control PackageTypical Control PackageTypical Control Package
••Navigation Screen Navigation Screen ••System Oneline System Oneline ••System LegendSystem LegendSystem Legend System Legend ••ATS Oneline ATS Oneline ••Transfer Controls Transfer Controls ••Transfer Control Help Transfer Control Help E i S t i t d St tE i S t i t d St t••Engine Setpoints and Status Engine Setpoints and Status
••Engine Setpoints and Status Help Engine Setpoints and Status Help ••Engine Metering Engine Metering ••Generator Demand Generator Demand ••Generator Demand Help Generator Demand Help ••Load Control Setpoints Load Control Setpoints ••Load Control Setpoints Help Load Control Setpoints Help Load PrioritiesLoad Priorities••Load Priorities Load Priorities
••Load Priorities Help Load Priorities Help ••System Information System Information ••Programmed Alarms Programmed Alarms gg
SCADASCADA
SYSTEMSYSTEM•• SYSTEMSYSTEM•• CONTROLCONTROL
•• DATADATA••ANDANDDATA DATA
•• ACQUISITIONACQUISITION
Consider any Existing Site CriteriaConsider any Existing Site Criteriay gy gBefore Developing the SCADA SystemBefore Developing the SCADA System
An active oneAn active one--line for system simulation line for system simulation An active oneAn active one--line for system simulation line for system simulation ac e o eac e o e e o sys e s u a oe o sys e s u a oand/or control. and/or control.
ac e o eac e o e e o sys e s u a oe o sys e s u a oand/or control. and/or control.
To follow are Various To follow are Various SCADA examplesSCADA examples
S t OS t O LiLiSystem OneSystem One--LineLine
Fully CustomizableFully CustomizableFully Customizable Fully Customizable to your Preference, to your Preference, Line WeightsLine WeightsLine Weights, Line Weights, Colors & GraphicsColors & Graphics
From Simple...From Simple...
T C lT C lTo ComplexTo Complex
O M C l !O M C l !Or More Complex!Or More Complex!
E lE lExampleExample
E lE lExampleExample
E lE lExampleExample
Not All SCADA is Not All SCADA is the Same, so the Same, so Our Designs Our Designs ggMeet all Meet all Requirements.Requirements.qq
Active Alarm LegendActive Alarm Legend
Active alarms show Active alarms show RealReal time Hightime HighRealReal--time High time High
Priority Situations Priority Situations that need to bethat need to bethat need to be that need to be
Rectified Rectified ImmediatelyImmediatelyImmediatelyImmediately
Al & E t Hi tAl & E t Hi t
Event History ConfigurableEvent History Configurable
Alarm & Event HistoryAlarm & Event History
Event History Configurable Event History Configurable Log File stored on Log File stored on computer hard drive forcomputer hard drive forcomputer hard drive for computer hard drive for 365 days, very useful for 365 days, very useful for problem diagnosticsproblem diagnosticsproblem diagnostics.problem diagnostics.
Setpoints PopSetpoints Pop--up Screenup Screen
Password ProtectedPassword ProtectedPassword ProtectedPassword Protected
Setpoints are AdjustableSetpoints are Adjustable
Timers Give Actual Timers Give Actual ValuesValuesValuesValues
Write Back to PLCWrite Back to PLCWrite Back to PLCWrite Back to PLC
Historical TrendingHistorical Trending
Trending Files Also Trending Files Also St d H dSt d H dStored on Hard Stored on Hard Drive for Later Drive for Later
R iR iReviewReview
24 hour Load24 hour Load24 hour Load 24 hour Load Demand TrendingDemand Trending
Display Priority Display Priority ScreenScreen
Communications Screen Communications Screen 11
Communications Screen Communications Screen 22
Switchgear ElevationSwitchgear Elevation
Control Room ElevationControl Room Elevation
Critical Distribution ElevationCritical Distribution Elevation
Substation ElevationSubstation Elevation
UPS Elevation #1UPS Elevation #1
Controls Zoom In #1Controls Zoom In #1
Controls are password Controls are password protected and display or controlprotected and display or controlprotected and display or control protected and display or control plant status and operations.plant status and operations.
Real Time FunctionalityReal Time FunctionalityReal Time FunctionalityReal Time Functionality
Web View for Remote Access Web View for Remote Access & Operation of Plant & Operation of Plant
--Password ProtectedPassword Protected--
(Web Access Suite Voyager(Web Access Suite Voyager ))(Web Access Suite Voyager(Web Access Suite Voyagertmtm))