RS 232 SERIAL INTERFACE
Nov 01, 2014
RS 232 SERIAL INTERFACE
SERIAL INTERFACES
Serial transmission involves the sending of data one bit at a time, over a single communication line.
In order to ensure an orderly flow of data between a DTE and
DCE, a standard serial interface is used to interconnect them.
The serial interface coordinates the flow of data, control signals
and timing information between the DTE and the DCE.
One of the advantages of a serial system is that it lends itself to
transmission over telephone lines.
DEFINITON
Officially, RS-232 is defined as the “Interface between data
terminal equipment and data communications equipment using serial binary data interchange.”
RS stands for ‘Recommended Standard”. RS 232
DTE DCE
RS-232 DB9 PORT
HISTORY• In the early 1960s, data communications was thought to mean
digital data exchange between a centrally located mainframe computer and a remote computer terminal, or even between two terminals without a computer involved.
• These devices were linked by telephone voice lines, and therefore required a modem at each end for signal translation.
• RS-232 was first introduced in 1962 by the Radio Sector of the Electronics Industries Association ( EIA ).Today it's widely interpreted as Recommended Standard 232.
• A standard was needed to ensure reliable data communications, and to enable the interconnection of equipment produced by different manufacturers.
DESCRIPTIONS
The standards specified identify four different descriptions :
Mechanical Descriptions
Electrical Descriptions
Functional Descriptions
Procedural Descriptions
MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION
It specifies a cable with two connectors.
The standard RS-232 cable is a sheath containing 25 wires.
• A DTE is connected to a DCE pin to pin.
• DTEs are most common today
• A DTE can connect to another DTE using a “null modem cable”.
• In this cable the wires are crossed so that input meets the corresponding output.
The DCE equipment connector is male ( plug ) for the connector housing and female ( receptacle ) for the connection pins.
The DTE connector is a female ( receptacle ) housing with male ( plug ) connection pins.
ELECTRICAL DESCRIPTION
• The standard specifies limitations on the voltage levels that the DCE and the DTE can output onto or receive from the cable.
• Voltage leveling circuits should output compatible voltages.
• The transmitting voltage leveler is called driver The receiving voltage leveler is called terminator.
• The difference in the voltage levels between the driver output and
the terminator input is called noise margin.
VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS
ELECTRICAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Based on the function the pins are classified as :
Ground ( signal and chassis ) Data ( transmit and receive ) Control ( handshaking and diagnostic ) Timing ( clocking signals )
RS-232 as a whole is bidirectional but each individual wire ( pin ) is unidirectional.
• There are two full-duplex data channels available with the interface.
• One channel is for primary data – actual information
• The other channel is secondary data – for diagnostic information and handshaking
signals.
• The secondary channel is sometimes used as reverse of backward channel allowing the receive DCE to communicate with the transmit DCE while data are being transmitted in the primary channel.
The specific functions of each of the pins are :
9 , 10 , 11 , 18 , 25 - unassigned
1 , 7 - ground
2 , 3 , 14 , 16 - data
15 , 17 , 24 - timing ( only for synchronous ) others - control and handshake ( 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 )
25 RS-232 PINS
FUNCTIONS OF 25 RS-232 PINS
DB9 PINS
DB9 PIN FUNCTIONS
TRANSMIT TIMING DIAGRAM
INTERFACE FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMS
– Drivers
– Terminators
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK – TRANSMIT CIRCUIT
Pin 1 ( Chassis Ground )
Pin 2 ( TD )
Pin 4 ( RTS )
Pin 5 ( CTS ) RTS / CTS Delay
Pin 6 ( DSR )
Pin 7 ( Signal Ground )
DTE DCE
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK – RECEIVE CIRCUIT
Pin 3 ( RD ) • Data Demodulator•
Pin 8 ( RLSD ) Analog Carrier Detect Circuit
DTE DCE
TIMING DIAGRAM – TRANSMIT STATION
DSR
RTS
RTS / CTS
CTS delay
TD
Analog Training Digitally modulated Carrier Sequence Carrier with data
TIMING DIAGRAM – RECEIVE STATION
RLSD
•
RLSD turn-off Delay
RD
Training Digitally modulated Sequence Carrier with data
Hope at least some data has been
communicated and received successfully !!