APPENDIX III Boulder Mining Corporation West Lake Abitibi Property, Ontario Boulder Mining Corporation West Lake Abitibi Property, Ontario Reverse Circulation Overburden Drilling and Heavy Mineral Geochemical Sampling for Gold and Kimberlite by Stuart A. Averill and Donald R. S. Holmes Overburden Drilling Management Limited Nepean, Ontario, Canada June 05, 2002 42A16NE2003 2.24342 GALNA 010
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APPENDIX III
Boulder Mining Corporation West Lake Abitibi Property, Ontario
Boulder Mining Corporation West Lake Abitibi Property, Ontario
Reverse Circulation Overburden Drillingand Heavy Mineral Geochemical Sampling
for Gold and Kimberlite
byStuart A. Averill and Donald R. S. HolmesOverburden Drilling Management Limited
Nepean, Ontario, CanadaJune 05, 2002
42A16NE2003 2.24342 GALNA 010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. SUMMARY l2. INTRODUCTION 22.1 Property Location, Access and Ownership 22.2 Project Background and Objectives 23. METHODS AND COSTS 93.1 Contractors 93.2 Field Procedures 93.3 Sample Processing and Indicator Mineral Logging Procedures 103.4 Analytical Procedures 183.5 Drill Performance and Project Costs 184. RESULTS 204.1 Bedrock Geology and Geochemistry 204.2 Overburden Stratigraphy 274.3 Gold Grain Counts 274.4 Kimberlite Indicator Mineral Counts 334.5 Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Heavy Mineral Fraction of the Till 335. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 386. CERTIFICATE 397. REFERENCES 41
FIGURES
Figure l Location of the West Lake Abitibi Project relative to the Superior Province andAbitibi Subprovince of the Canadian Shield 3
Figure 2 Property size and relationship to historical exploration activity in the LakeAbitibi area 4
Figure 3 Geological compilation of the Lake Abitibi - Lake Timiskaming region showing the major, E-W trending, gold-bearing deformation zones, the NW-SE trending faults of the Lake Timiskaming Structural Zone and the main kimberlite pipes associated with this structural zone 5
Figure 4 Airborne magnetic/electromagnetic map of the main claim block showing thelocations of the reverse circulation drill holes 7
Figure 5 Airborne magnetic/electromagnetic map of the northern satellite claims showing the locations of the reverse circulation drill holes on the two magnetic anomalies that were targeted as kimberlite pipes 8
Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a reverse circulation drilling system 12
Figure 7 Heavy mineral processing flow sheet for the till samples 13
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)
FIGURES (cont'd) Page
Figure 8 Backscatter electron images of gold grains from till illustrating the relationshipbetween grain wear and distance of glacial transport 17
Figure 9 Jensen cation plot for greywacke, siltstone and chert samples 23
Figure 10 Jensen cation plot for mafic volcanic, gabbro, pyroxenite and diabase samples 25
Table 2 Laboratory classifications and heavy mineral processing weights for the till andgravel samples 14,15
Table 3 Comparison of budgeted and actual project costs 19
Table 4 Whole rock and rare earth element analyses for the bedrock samples 22
Table 5 Geochemical analyses for the bedrock samples26
Table 6 Gold grain summary for the till and gravel samples with calculated visible goldassay values for the nonferromagnetic heavy mineral fraction 31,32
Table 7 Heavy mineral concentrate weights and KIM abundances for the medium (0.25- 0.5 mm), coarse (0.5-1.0 mm) and very coarse (l .0-2.0 mm) sand fractions of the till and gravel samples from the satellite claims 34
Table 8 Major nonferromagnetic heavy minerals present in the till and gravel samplesfrom the satellite claims 35
Table 9 Geochemical analyses for the -2.0 mm nonferromagnetic heavy mineral fractionof the till samples from the main claim block 36,37
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)
APPENDICES
Appendix A Reverse Circulation Drill Hole Logs
Appendix B Binocular Microscope Descriptions of the Bedrock Cuttings
Appendix C Till and Gravel Gold Grain Counts with Calculated Visible Gold Assays for the Nonferromagnetic Heavy Mineral Fraction
PLANS
Plan l Locations and Bedrock Geology of the Reverse Circulation Drill Holes Pocket
1. SUMMARY
This report describes a program of reverse circulation drilling that was conducted 80 km north of Kirkland Lake, Ontario, on the West Lake Abitibi Property which is held under option by Boulder Mining Corporation. Sixteen holes were drilled on the main claim block to test the inferred western extension of the thickly overburden-covered, E-W trending, gold-fertile Lake Abitibi Deformation Zone. The locations of the drill holes were based on the assumption that the deformation zone forms the
contact between northern turbidites of the Scapa Assemblage and southern komatiites of the Stoughton - Roquemaure Assemblage and that this contact lies 3 km further north than previously thought. Two additional holes were drilled on kimberlite-suggestive aeromagnetic bullseyes on a satellite claim block further to the north.
The drilling was intended to sample both the glacial till and underlying bedrock. Sixteen holes were completed successfully, and the average depth of these holes, including about 1.5 m of bedrock, was 43.5 m. Ninety-seven till samples and two gravel samples were processed to extract their heavy mineral fraction and visually separate any gold grains and, on the satellite claims, kimberlite indicator minerals. Most of the heavy mineral concentrates and all bedrock samples were also geochemically analyzed. The project was completed on budget with total drilling, geological and laboratory costs of S96,032.67 or S138.047metre.
The contact between the turbidites and komatiites was found to be in the anticipated northerly location but this contact is unsheared, unaltered and unmineralized. Magnetic pyroxenite and nonmagnetic cherry exhalites were intersected on the northerly magnetic anomalies that were targeted as kimberlite. The chert is anomalous in chalcopyrite which could indicate proximity to volcanogenic massive sulphides.
The buried bedrock surface is relatively flat. Consequently any old, unconsolidated sediments deposited by early glaciations were left unprotected during final S SE ice flow and were replaced by younger Matheson Till, esker gravel and varved Lake Ojibway clay, silt and sand. Ice meltdown in the glacial lake led to much interlayering of the till with the other sediments. The till is also molded into large drumlins which locally rise through the clay cover and impart a S SE grain to the surface topography. Its heavy mineral fraction contains only normal background levels of gold grains, reflecting the observed infertility of the underlying bedrock. The till on the satellite claims is devoid of kimberlite indicator minerals; therefore not only the two targeted magnetic bullseyes but also any others to the north are due to lithologies other than kimberlite.
The Lake Abitibi Deformation Zone, if present on the property, must be in the traditionally accepted position on the southern boundary where a formational conductor suggestive of structurally incompetent graphitic mudstone interrupts the magnetic komatiites. All diamond drill records from this area should
be scrutinized for evidence of the deformation zone and signs of gold mineralization before contemplating any further gold exploration. Several short, weak electromagnetic anomalies near the chalcopyrite-bearing exhalites on the satellite claims should be investigated as possible volcanogenic massive sulphide targets but no further kimberlite exploration is warranted.
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2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 Property Location, Access and Ownership
The West Lake Abitibi Property, which was the focus of the reverse circulation drilling program
described in this report, is 80 km north of Kirkland Lake in northeastern Ontario (Fig. 1). Geologically,
it lies in the Abitibi Subprovince (Abitibi Granite-Greenstone Belt) of the Archean-age (~2700 Ma)
Superior Province of the Canadian Shield.
The property consists of one large, 3952 ha claim block and several small satellite blocks (Fig. 2). The
main block extends westward 13 km from Northwest Bay of Lake Abitibi, the largest remnant of glacial
Lake Ojibway. It straddles the boundary between Bowyer and Marathon Townships in the north and
Galna and Moody Townships in the south. The drilling focussed on this claim block and on the nearest
satellite block, 3 km to the north in eastern Marathon Township.
The nearest towns (Fig. 3) are Iroquois Falls, 30 km to the west, and Cochrane, 60 km to the northwest.
Road access is gained from Cochrane by travelling east 54 km on Route 652, then south 17.5 km on
Abitibi Consolidated's Single Lake logging road to the abandoned CN railway line and continuing 8 km
further south to Traill Lake in Moody Township (Plan l, in pocket).
The West Lake Abitibi Property was staked by C. J. Baker, an independent consulting geologist from
Ottawa with historical prospecting experience in the Lake Abitibi area. The property is optioned to
Boulder Mining Corporation ("Boulder") of Vancouver, B. C. Boulder funded the reverse circulation
drilling program.
2.2 Project Background and Objectives
The main claim block of the West Lake Abitibi Property is thought to host the western extension of the
regional-scale, east-west trending Lake Abitibi Deformation Zone (Fig. 2). This deformation zone is
considered attractive for gold exploration because: 1) most of the major gold deposits of the Abitibi
Subprovince are hosted by similar deformation zones, notably the Destor - Porcupine Fault Zone and
Cadillac - Larder Lake Break to the south (Fig. 3) and the Casa Berardi Fault to the northeast (Pattison
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——— Provincial boundary—— International boundary——— Geological subprovince boundary——— Geological province boundary
SugluH .
West Lake Abitibi Property A
K irk laraT Lake P"."''00 S O
SOOkm
Figure l - Location of the West Lake Abitibi Project relative to the Superior Province and Abitibi Subprovince of the Canadian Shield. Source: Thurston, 1991.
Marathon Twp. Bowyer Twp.
Abitiibi Deformation ZcNorthwest
Bay
pitftl-Poitlt
oAbitibi O
QMoodv Twp.
Legend for gold in HMC (RG holes)
O 0-lg/t -- Fault lEsker
CH Non WALP claimsGold in Qtz Boulders
O Cold in Esker
Direction of Ice Flows Mun
Esker
Figure 2 - Property size and relationship to historical exploration activity in the Lake Abitibi area. Courtesy C. J. Baker (after Meyer 2001) 80316=1:2,000,000.
Figure 3 - CeoSogical compilation of the Lake Abitibi - Lake Timiskaming region showing the major, E-W trending, gold-bearing deformation zones, the NW-SE trending faults of the Lake Timiskaming Structural Zone and the main kimberlite pipes associated with this structural zone. Source: OGS Map 2543. 1991. Scale ---- 1:1,000.000.
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et al,3 1986}^ 2) high-grade gold-quartz boulders have been identified along the Munro Esker in
Milligan Township south (glacially down-river) of the inferred fault (Ferguson and Freeman, 1978; Fig.
2), and 3) anomalous concentrations of gold grains have been identified by panning along both the
Munro and Long Point Eskers and the anomalies extend only as far north (glacially up-river) as
Northwest Bay where the deformation zone is located.
While the evidence for significant lode gold mineralization in or near the Lake Abitibi Deformation
Zone is compelling, the actual position of the fault in the area west of the lake is uncertain because the
bedrock surface is covered by glacial till and gravelly to clayey esker and Lake Ojibway sediments up to
80 m thick. Most maps, including the Ontario Geological Survey's 1992 compilation (Fig. 3), place the
fault in north-central Moody and Galna Townships, roughly coincident with the southern boundary of
the main claim block of the West Lake Abitibi Property. This position was first proposed by Pyke et al.
(1972) and follows a linear conductive zone (Fig. 4) interpreted to be the contact between northern
turbidites of the Scapa Assemblage and southern, komatiitic, mafic to ultramafic volcanics of the
Stoughton-Roquemaure Assemblage (Jackson and Fyon, 1992). On the basis of reprocessed
aeromagnetic data, however, Ayer et al. (1999) placed the fault contact 3 km further north in a non-
conductive zone near the centre of the main clam block. The reverse circulation drilling targeted this
inferred northern fault corridor.
The drilling on the satellite claims was targeted not on gold but rather on two small magnetic bullseyes
(Fig. 5) suggestive of serpentinized kimberlite pipes. The potential for kimberlite was considered high
because 1) the property lies on the northwestern extension of the Lake Timiskaming Structural Zone
(Sage, 1996) which hosts numerous kimberlite pipes in the Matheson, Kirkland Lake and New Liskeard
areas (Fig. 3), and 2) the pipes tend to be clustered at the intersections of this NW-SE trending structural
zone with the major E-W trending, gold-bearing deformation zones.
The reverse circulation drilling sampled both the till and the underlying bedrock. The till samples were
processed for gold grains and, on the satellite claims, for kimberlite indicator minerals. The bedrock
samples were used to map various geological relationships including stratigraphy, structure and
alteration as no outcrops are present on the property. This report documents the work performed and the
results obtained.
Figure 4 - Airborne magnetic/electromagnetic map of (he main claim block showing the locations of the reverse circulation drill holes. Source'OGS ]9S9a. Scale = l :-10.0()().
Figure 5 - Airborne magnetic/electromagnetk map of the northern satellite dairns showing the locations of the reverse circulation drill boles on the two magnetic anomalies that were targeted as kimberlite pipes. Source: OGS. 1989b. Scale - 1:20.000.
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3. METHODS AND COSTS
3.1 Contractors
Overburden Drilling Management Limited ("ODM") of Nepean, Ontario chose the locations of the drill
holes and access roads, arranged the drilling contract, oversaw the drilling, logged the holes, processed
the till samples for heavy indicator minerals and interpreted the data. ODM's field geologist was Donald
Holmes. Remy Huneault supervised the sample processing, Stuart Averill logged the bedrock samples,
interpreted the data and prepared the report and Llyle Duchene produced the report and illustrations.
C.J. Baker laid out the drill sites in the field and supervised the road bulldozing work which was
performed by John Wlad St. Sons of Iroquois Falls. Heath Si Sherwood Drilling (1986) Limited of
Kirkland Lake performed the drilling and also supplied meals and accommodations at a temporary trailer
camp erected near Traill Lake. The samples were collected under ODM's direction by R. Mowat, a
resident of Wahgoshig First Nations Reserve on the south shore of Lake Abitibi. Actlabs Limited of
Ancaster, Ontario, analyzed both the bedrock samples and ODM's heavy mineral concentrates from the
till samples.
3.2 Field Procedures
The inferred shear zone that was targeted on the main claim block trends roughly E-W. It was tested
with a single traverse of drill holes but this traverse was broken into shorter, WNW-ESE trending
segments (Fig. 4; Plan 1) in order to repeatedly cross the target and efficiently map the bedrock geology.
These WNW-ESE segments are roughly normal to the final SSE ice flow (Fig. 2) that generated the
main till horizon (Matheson Till) in the area and would also intercept possible remnants of a slightly
older phase of the till that was deposited by WSW to SSW ice flow. Such till remnants could be
preserved in protective E-W trending preglacial valleys along the targeted deformation zone or in
sinkholes over kimberlite pipes (Averill and Mcclenaghan, 1994). On the northern satellite claims, a
single hole was drilled on each of the two kimberlite-suggestive magnetic anomalies.
The routes of the tractor roads to the drill holes were chosen from 1970s stereo air photos of 1:50,000
scale. Wherever possible, historical logging trails and open areas of muskeg were utilized to minimize
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vegetation damage. Timber cutting was required along only l .5 km of the 12 km long road on the main
claim block. The old railway bed and an off-branching logging trail were used to reach the northern
kimberlite targets. Although the drill holes were accurately sited from the air photos, their geographic
co-ordinates were also measured by GPS (Table l). However, hole elevations determined by OPS were
found to be very inaccurate, requiring estimates to be made from the air photos and topographic maps.
A reverse circulation drill string consists of two coaxial pipes and a tricone bit (Fig. 6). Air and water
are injected between the pipes to the bit and clay to pebble-sized sediment particles and cm-sized
cuttings of boulders and bedrock are flushed instantly through the centre pipe to surface where they are
logged (Appendix A) and bulk samples weighing 8 to 10 kg are collected. Fine silt and clay suspended
in the drill water are settled in a special tank and the water is recirculated down the drill hole. Heath SL
Sherwood's drill was mounted on a Nodwell tracked carrier for off-road mobility and was fully enclosed
for all-weather operation. Water was hauled to the drill with a smaller Go-Track carrier.
The drill holes were prefixed WLAP-02 (for West Lake Abitibi Property, 2002) and were numbered
consecutively in the sequence drilled. The samples from each hole, whether of till or bedrock, were
numbered consecutively (e.g. WLAP-02-05-01 to 22 in Hole 05).
3.3 Sample Processing and Indicator Mineral Logging Procedures
The bedrock samples were sieved to separate coarse (+2.0 mm), clean cuttings suitable for binocular
microscope logging (Appendix B) and geochemical analysis. The till samples were processed using the
procedures shown in Figure 7. All processed samples (Table 1) were tested for gold grains but only the
samples from the two drill holes on the satellite claims were tested for kimberlite indicator minerals
("KIMs").
The flow sheet of Figure 7 utilizes procedures that are designed to progressively reduce the bulk sample,
concentrate all of the heavy minerals, and finally clean and sort these minerals to simplify identification
of any indicator mineral grains. First the sample is wet screened at 2.0 mm and a -2.0 mm table
concentrate is prepared. Geological observations on the character of the sample are made during both
the screening and tabling operations (Table 2). The table concentrate is purposely large (typically 300-
0.25 to 0.5 mm Paramagnetic ind Nonparamagnetlc Fraction*
Indicator Logging/Picking
Resolve Ambiguous Grains by Qualitative SEM Analysis; Organize All Grains m Viate
Figure 7 - Heavy mineral processing flow sheet for the till samples. All samples were processed for gold grains. Only the samples from Holes 17 and ] 8 on the satellite claims were processed for KIMs and the heavy mineral concentrates from these samples were not submitted for geochemical analysis.
U YUUU YU YU YU YU YUUU YU YU Y YU Y YU Y YU Y YU Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU - t tU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y YU Y YU Y YU Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU - * YU Y Y YU - t *U Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU Y Y YU * YU t Y
Table 2 - Laboratory classifications and heavy mineral processing weights for the till and gravel samples. On samples from Holes 17 and 18, the heavy liquid separation was performed at S.G. 3.2 rather than 3.3. Clast codes: C - cobbles, P = pebbles, V/S = volcanosedimentary, GR granitic, LS = limestone, OT ^ther. Matrix size distribution/ colour codes: S = sorted, U ^ unsorted, SD = sand, ST = silt, CY ^ clay, FMC = fine/medium/coarse sand, Y = present, N ^ absent, + = abundant, - = negligible, B or GB ^ beige or grey-beige (unoxidized), LOC light ochre (oxidized). Page l of 2.
U t YU t YU 4 YU * YU t YU -r YU + YU + YU * YU 4 YU + YU * YU t YU * YU -i- YU * YU t YU t YU -f YU -f YU -f YU t YU t Y -U t YU + YU -f YU -f YU Y YU * Y ~U * YU t YU t Y -U * YS FMC - NS FMC Y NU -fU -f YU tU * YU -i- YU Y Y YU tU -1- Y
Table 2 - Laboratory classifications and heavy mineral processing weights for the till and gravel samples. On samples from Holes 17 and 18, the heavy liquid separation was performed at S.G. 3.2 rather than 3.3. Clast codes: C = cobbles, P = pebbles, V/S = volcanosedimentary, GR = granitic, LS = limestone, OT ^ther. Matrix size distribution/ colour codes: S = sorted, U = unsorted, SD = sand, ST = silt, CY = clay, FMC = fine/medium/coarse sand, Y = present, N = absent, + = abundant, - = negligible, B or GB ^ beige or grey-beige (unoxidized), LOC ^ light ochre (oxidized). Page 2 of 2.
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500 g) and of low grade (10-30 percent heavy minerals) in order to achieve a high, 80-90 percent
recovery rate for all desired indicator minerals irrespective of their grains size or specific gravity. The
gold grains, which are mostly silt-sized, are observed at this stage with the aid of micropanning and are
counted, measured and classified as to degree of wear (i.e. distance of glacial transport; Fig. 8). Their
gold assay value is also calculated (Appendix C). For samples that are being tested for KIMs, the table
reject is reprocessed to scavenge possible unrecovered KIMs, especially the largest grains which are the
most difficult to recover.
If the heavy mineral fraction is to be geochemically analyzed for gold and base metals, the -2.0 mm table
concentrate is separated in methylene iodide at S.G. 3.32. If KIMs are targeted, the methylene iodide is
diluted with acetone to S.G. 3.20 to ensure recovery of the least dense KIM species. Undesirable
magnetite is then removed from the heavy liquid concentrate using a ferromagnetic separator. If KIMs
are being targeted, the finer, -0.25 mm grains are sieved from the nonferromagnetic heavies and the
retained 0.25-2.0 mm grains are cleansed with oxalic acid to remove limonite stains that would
otherwise impede mineral identification. The clean heavies are then sieved at 0.5 and 1.0 mm. The
0.25-0.5 mm fraction, which contains the most mineral grains, is sorted electromagnetically into strongly
which are of simpler mineralogy, thereby easing indicator mineral logging. This logging is done by
experienced exploration geologists/mineralogists, not by technicians. These mineralogists are familiar
with all minerals in the concentrate, not just a limited suite of KIMs, and are therefore able to recognize
minerals indicative of any type of deposit and mineral textures and distribution patterns critical to
follow-up exploration. To this end, they also systematically record the major, regional heavy mineral
suite or assemblage of each sample, thereby monitoring any significant changes in the overall
provenance of the till. Any difficult mineral grains are resolved by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry
("EDS") analysis using a scanning electron microscope ("SEM"). All indicator mineral grains, or
representative examples of larger populations of such indicators, are carefully vialed for future
reference.
Till Gold Grain Morphology
Pristine
100m
Modified
500m
Reshaped
,000 to > 10,000 m
Distance of Transport
Figure 8 - Backscatter electron images of gold grains from till illustrating the relationship between grain wear and distance of glacial transport. The wear processes are compressional (infolding and compaction) and do not reduce the mass of the gold grain. Scale bars ~ 50 microns.
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3.4 Analytical Procedures
The heavy mineral concentrates of the till samples from the satellite claims were not analyzed
geochemically. The concentrates from the main claim block were analyzed for Au, As, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn,
Ni, Cd, Mo, Mn and S. Both Au and As were determined by instrumental neutron activation (INA)
analysis using up to a 60 g (as available) aliquot with no acid digestion. The other nine elements were
determined by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (1CP/MS) on a milled 0.5 g aliquot using
aqua regia acid digestion. All bedrock samples were milled, wholly fused or partially digested as
required and analyzed by a similar IN A + ICP/MS combination for whole rock oxides plus 32 elements
including rare earths and the metals that were determined for the till concentrates.
3.5 Drill Performance and Project Costs
The work performed and/or supervised by ODM (i.e. everything except laying out the drill hole sites in
the field and clearing roads to these sites) was budgeted at 5106,615.50 (Table 3). This budget was
based on drilling 20 holes at Heath *fe Sherwood's quoted hourly contract prices assuming an average
hole depth of 40 m for a total of 800 m, a production rate of 6 m per drilling/moving hour (excluding
moving time between the two properties), 10 percent mechanical down-time, changing the tricone bit
every 60 m and processing an average of 6.5 till samples per hole. The expected cost per metre was
therefore S133.27; of this, S86.05 was allocated to Heath A Sherwood's drilling operations and camp
charges.
Eighteen holes were actually drilled. Two, Nos. 01 and 07, did not reach bedrock and were replaced by
Holes 16 and 11, respectively. The average depth of the 16 completed holes was 43.5 m (Table 1), or 11
percent deeper than forecast, for a total of 695.7 m. Twelve tricone bits were used for an average of 58
m/bit, very close to the expected 60 m. An average of 6.2 "till" samples (includes two gravel samples
from Hole 17) was processed from these holes. This is slightly below the budgeted 6.5 samples;
however, an average of 7.4 samples/hole was actually collected but in Holes 05,09,10 and 12, only the
odd-numbered samples from the upper parts of extra-thick till sections were processed. Actual
mechanical down-time was only 0.4 percent but this does not include time spent rectifying a fluid bypass
problem in the drill string that was the main reason for abandoning Holes 01 and 07. If these two
Table 6 - Gold grain summary for the till and gravel samples with calculated visible gold assay values for the nonferromagnetic heavy mineral fraction. Page l of 2.
Table 6 - Gold grain summary for the till and gravel samples with calculated visible gold assay values for the nonferromagnetic heavy mineral fraction. Page 2 of 2.
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4.4 Kimberlite Indicator Mineral Counts
The glacial sediments in contact with the magnetic kimberlite targets at Holes 17 and 18 on the northern satellite claim block consist of till interdigitated with esker sand/gravel (Fig. 13). Ten samples of these sediments were processed for kimberlite indicator mineral grains (Table 7). No indicator minerals were found.
4.5 Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Heavy Mineral Fraction of the Till
The regional heavy mineral assemblages of the till/gravel samples from Holes 17 and 18 on the northern satellite claims were recorded (Table 8) while logging the concentrates for kimberlite indicator minerals. The main minerals present are paramagnetic almandine and hornblende and nonparamagnetic diopside and epidote. The unlogged heavy mineral concentrates from the main claim block probably have essentially the same mineralogy because their gold grain content is the same. However, since the latter concentrates were geochemically analyzed and the analytical package included sulphur (Table 9), the pyrite content of the concentrates can be estimated. Most samples yielded ^ percent sulphur but a few yielded 5-30 percent, indicating the presence of 10 to 60 percent pyrite.
To be considered anomalous in gold, a heavy mineral concentrate must yield M 000 ppb Au. Furthermore, the anomaly must be caused by ten or more small, pristine to modified (i.e. little-travelled; Fig. 8) gold grains or by gold hidden in sulphide minerals, not by one or two large, reshaped gold grains. Four Au anomalies MOOO ppb (Table 9) were obtained from the analysed till samples (i.e. samples
collected on the main claim block). These anomalies are in Samples 05 (l 100 ppb) and 07 (l 060 ppb) from Hole 06, Sample 19 from Hole 09 (l 050 ppb) and Sample 02 from Hole 14(1970 ppb). However,
none are genuine anomalies. The strongest anomaly, in Hole 14, had been forecast (Table 6, Appendix C), on the basis of a large gold grain that was observed when the sample was processed. Similar large gold grains were not observed in the other three samples but nevertheless are inferred to have been present because the anomalous samples are bracketed by barren samples (Figs. 11,12) and also yielded low sulphur analyses, indicating that the gold is not hidden in sulphide minerals. Furthermore, the Au is not accompanied by anomalous As, Ag, Cu, Zn or Pb; indeed all analyzed metals occur at low concentrations throughout the till on the main claim block.
Table 7 - Heavy mineral concentrate weights and KIM abundances for the medium (0.25-0.5 mm), coarse (0.5-1.0 mm) and very coarse (1.0-2.0 mm) sand fractions of the till and gravel samples front the satellite claims. GP = purple Cr-pyrope garnet; GO = orange CR-poor pyrope or eclogitic pyrope-almandine garnet; DC - Cr-diopside; IM = Mg-ilmenite; CR zr chromite and FO = forsterite olivine.
Table 8 - Major nonferromagnetic heavy minerals present in the till and gravel samples from the satellite claims. The assemblage almandine-homblende/diopside-epidote indicates that only four major minerals are present, with almandine exceeding hornblende in the paramagnetic (O.8 amp) fraction and diopside exceeding epidote in the nonparamagnetic (M.O amp) fraction. Only the pale green, white and orange varieties of epidote are nonparamagnetic; common pistachio-green epidote reports to the neutral (0.8-1.0 amp) fraction and is not included in the mineral assemblage.
Table 9 - Geochemical analyses for the -2.0 mm nonferromagnetic heavy mineral fraction of the till samples from the main claim block. The samples were analyzed by Actlabs Limited, Ancaster, Ontario. Samples from the satellite claims were not analyzed. Page l of 2).
Table 9 - Geochemical analyses for the -2.0 mm nonferromagnetic heavy mineral fraction of the till samples from the main claim block. The samples were analyzed by Actlabs Limited, Ancaster, Ontario. Samples from the satellite claims were not analyzed. Page 2 of 2).
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5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The reverse circulation drill holes on the main claim block of the West Lake Abitibi Property were targeted on the contact between the Scapa turbidites and Stoughton - Rocquemaure komatiites based on the assumptions that l) this overburden-covered contact is further north than previously thought and thus is virtually unexplored, and 2) the contact represents the western extension of the gold-fertile Lake Abitibi Deformation Zone. The drilling has verified the northerly location of the contact but has also demonstrated that the contact is unsheared, unaltered and unmineralized and therefore is probably a normal, conformable contact. Furthermore, the till overlying the contact contains only background levels of gold grains and its heavy mineral fraction, although locally enriched in pyrite, is not anomalous in gold or any of the usual gold-associated metals. Therefore no further exploration is warranted along or up-ice (north) of the contact. However, the Lake Abitibi Deformation Zone could alternatively follow a formational conductor within the komatiites on the southern edge of the property as originally proposed by Pyke et al. (1972). This regional-scale conductive zone resembles the one associated with the structurally incompetent graphitic mudstones that host the productive Casa Berardi Fault in Quebec (Pattison et al. 1986). The deformation/alteration zone at Casa Berardi is up to l km wide and is flanked by additional, outlying shear zones. Therefore the Lake Abitibi Deformation Zone, if it is indeed present on the West Lake Abitibi Property, should be of a sufficient scale to have been intersected during diamond drilling programs previously conducted in the area. It is recommended that all available diamond drill hole logs be scrutinized for evidence of the deformation zone and associated mineralization before contemplating any further gold exploration on the property.
The two reverse circulation drill holes on the northern satellite claims were targeted on kimberlite- compatible aeromagnetic anomalies. The drilling has shown that the western anomaly is caused by weakly magnetic pyroxenite. Nonmagnetic cherty sediments interleaved with mafic volcanics were intersected at the eastern anomaly but the drill hole was not centered on the anomaly. Therefore the anomaly is unexplained. It could be caused by a magnetite-bearing facies of the chert or mafic volcanics or by a second, smaller pyroxenite intrusion but it is definitely not due to kimberlite as no KIMs were obtained from the till and gravel overlying either magnetic anomaly. Kimberlite pipes normally occur in clusters or "fields" that produce major, regional-scale KIM dispersal plumes in the till. Therefore the total absence of KIMs at the targeted anomalies not only condemns these two anomalies but also all others for many kilometres up-ice. Consequently no kimberlite exploration is warranted on the other, untested satellite claim blocks of the West Lake Abitibi Property.
-39-
The only positive result of the reverse circulation drilling is the discovery of disseminated chalcopyrite mineralization in the cherty exhalites of Hole 18. The mineralization is very weak (only 200-300 ppm Cu) but the ratio of chalcopyrite to pyrite is appealing (1:10) and could signal proximity to economically significant volcanogenic massive sulphide mineralization. Although the area is thought to be underlain by monotonous Scapa turbidites, the overburden cover is so thick that the geology is essentially unknown. Felsic volcanics could be present and short, weak airborne electromagnetic anomalies occur several hundred metres to the north and south (Fig. 5). If found to be undrilled, these anomalies should be ground checked as potential volcanogenic massive sulphide targets.
-40-
6. Certificate - Stuart A. Averill
I, Stuart A. Averill, residing at 192 Powell Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario hereby certify as follows:
That I attended the University of Manitoba at Winnipeg, Manitoba and graduated with a B.Se. (Rons.) in
Geology in 1969;
That I have worked continuously in the field of mining exploration geology since 1971;
That I am President and principal owner of Overburden Drilling Management Limited, 107-15 Capella
Court, Nepean, Ontario, an independent geological consulting company that I founded in 1974;
That I am a Fellow of the Geological Association of Canada and a Member of the Association of
Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Newfoundland;
That this technical report is based on data gathered on the subject property by Donald Holmes, a
geologist employed for 17 years by Overburden Drilling Management Limited;
That I personally interpreted the data;
That I directly and indirectly hold 110,000 and 70,000 share purchase warrants of Boulder Mining
Corporation.
"Stuart A. Averill"
Stuart A. Averill, B.Sc. (Mons.)
Dated at Ottawa, Ontario this 5 th day of June, 2002
-41 -
7. REFERENCES
Averill, S.A.2001: The Application of Heavy Indicator Mineralogy in Mineral Exploration with
Emphasis on Base Metal Indicators in Glaciated Metamorphic and Plutonic Terrains; in: Drift Exploration in Glaciated Terrain (Mcclenaghan, M. B., Bobrowsky, P. T., Hall, G. E. M. SL Cook, S. J., eds.), Geological Society, London, Special Publication No. 185, pp. 69-81.
Averill, S.A.,Mcclenaghan, M.B. ;1994: Distribution and Character of Kimberlite Indicator Minerals in Glacial Sediments, C14
and Diamond Lake Kimberlite Pipes, Kirkland Lake, Ontario; Geological Survey ofCanada, Open File 2819,48 p.
Ayer, J.A., i Berger, B.R., Trowell, N.F.1999: Geological Compilation of the Lake Abitibi Area, Abitibi Greenstone Belt; Ontario
Geological Survey, Map P.3398, scale 1:100 000.
Ferguson, S.A.,Freeman, E.B.1978: Milligan Township Float Train No. l - Au; in: Ontario Occurrences of Float, Placer Gold
and Other Heavy Minerals; Ontario Geological Survey, Mineral Deposits Circular 17, p.65.
Jackson, S.L.,Fyon, J.A.1991: The Western Abitibi Subprovince in Ontario; in: Geology of Ontario (P.C. Thurston,
H.R. Williams, R.H. Sutcliffe and G.M. Stott, eds.), Ontario Geological Survey, SpecialVolume 4, Part l, p. 405-484.
Ontario Geological Survey1989a: Airborne Electromagnetic and Total Intensity Survey, Detour - Burntbush - Abitibi Area,
Marathon, Bowyer, Moody, Galna, Kerrs Townships, District of Cochrane, Ontario; by Geoterrex Limited for the Ontario Geological Survey, Geophysical/Geochemical Series, Map 81243, scale 1:20,000.
1989b: Airborne Electromagnetic and Total Intensity Survey, Detour - Burntbush - Abitibi Area, Findlay, Henley, Marathon, Bowyer Townships, District of Cochrane, Ontario; by Geoterrex Limited for the Ontario Geological Survey, Geophysical/Geochemical Series, Map 81233, scale 1:20,000.
-42-
Osmani, LA,1991: Proterozoic Mafic Dyke Swarms in the Superior Province of Ontario; in: Geology of
Ontario (P.C. Thurston, H.R. Williams, R.H. Sutcliffe and G.M. Stott, eds.), OntarioGeological Survey, Special Volume 4, Part l, p. 661-681.
Pattison, E.F.,Sauerbrei, J.A.,Hannila, J.J.,Church, J.F.1986: Gold Mineralization in the Casa-Berardi Area, Quebec, Canada; Proceedings of Gold
'86 an International Symposium on the Geology of Gold: Toronto 1986, A.J.MacDonald (ed.), pp. 170-183.
Pyke, D.R., Ayres, L.D., Innes, D.G.1972: Geological Compilation Series: Timmins-Kirkland Lake, Cochrane, Sudbury and
Timiskaming Districts; Ontario Division of Mines, Map 2205, scale 1:253,440.
Sage, R.P.1996: Kimberlites of the Lake Timiskaming Structural Zone; Ontario Geological Survey, Open
File Report 5937, 435 p.
Thurston, P.C.1991: Geology of Ontario: Introduction; in: Geology of Ontario (P.C. Thurston, H.R. Williams,
R.H. Sutcliffe and G.M. Stott, eds.), Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 4, Partl, p. 3-25.
Binocular Microscope Descriptions of the Bedrock Cuttings
Sample Number
WLAP-0202-05
03-04
04-06
05-22
06-08
Colour Structure Grain Size (mm)
Variable grey to Fine grained Primary: 0.05green with sedimentary with no Metacrysts: 0.1-ochre- visible bedding. 0.2weathered Strongly foliated,metacrysts and semi-schistose. lO'/owhite veinlets. white quartz
veinlets. Unsheared.
a)(80"7oof Fine to coarse- a) 0.05cuttings): grained sedimentary, b) 0.3-1.0Variably grey or Bedded. Stronglygreen. foliated, semi-b) (200Xo of schistose.cuttings): Pale Unsheared.grey-green.
Mottled dark Coarse magmatic. 0.7-1.0green and grey- Strongly foliated andwhite. weakly lineated.
Unsheared.
Variable grey to Fine-grained 0.05green. sedimentary with no
90% groundmass = 60"Xo saussuritized plagioclase, 300Xo quartz, 2"Xo chlorite (variably biotite), 5"Xo muscovite, 0. l Ve titanite.
C.5% coarsely No Fe/Ti oxides.disseminated cubicpyrite.
Feldspar porphyry
09-21 Dark green with All primary structure 0.05 in cross- Acicular, lineated. Subequal chlorite Nil. 15"Xo white masked by strong section but Cherty zones are rodded, and saussuritized quartz zones. foliation 4- lineation elongated 5-10:1 sugary. plagioclase.
and rodding. No visible quartz Cherty zones may be other than in former pillow cherty zones, selvages. Weakly sheared.
Nil. No Fe/Ti oxides. Mafic volcanic
10-12 Medium to pale Medium to fine- 0.1-0.5 grey-green. grained sedimentary
with no visible bedding. Weakly foliated. Unsheared.
12-15 Dark grey. Fine-grained Primary O.05.sedimentary with no Biotitevisible bedding. metacrysts 0.15-Strongly foliated but 0.3.not schistose.Unsheared.
Silty; spotted with small Feldspathic silt Trace fracture-hosted Q.5% finely biotite metacrysts. with 2Wo fine- calcite. disseminated
a) (60"Xo of a) As 1 8-08 a) As 1 8-08cuttings): As 1 8- b) Unquenched flow, b) 0. 1 5-0.308. Moderately foliated.b) (40"Xo of Unsheared.cuttings): Darkgreen-black.
Texture
Diabasic.
Equigranularinterlocking.
Silty.
Equigranularinterlocking with diffusegrain boundaries due tosecondary alteration.
Sugary, cherty.
a) As 18-08b) Equigranularinterlocking.
MineralogySilicates Carbonates
60Va fresh Trace fracture-hostedplagioclase, calcite.40"Xo green to grey-brownclinopyroxene.40"Xo chlorite Nil.(mainly) +actinolite,60"Xo saussuritizcdplagioclase,Wo quartz.
We have approved your Assessment Work Submission with the above noted Transaction Number(s). The attached Work Report Summary indicates the results of the approval.
At the discretion of the Ministry, the assessment work performed on the mining lands noted in this work report may be subject to inspection and/or investigation at any time.
The total value of work approved for this submission is S111,293.00.
If you have any question regarding this correspondence, please contact LUCILLE JEROME by email at [email protected] or by phone at (705) 670-5858.
Yours Sincerely,
Ron GashinskiSenior Manager, Mining Lands Section
Cc: Resident Geologist
Nelson W Baker (Agent)
Clement J. Baker (Assessment Office)
Assessment File Library
Clement J. Baker (Claim Holder)
Visit our website at http://www.gov.on.ca/MNDM/LANDS/mlsmnpge.htm Page: 1 Correspondence 10:17996
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11: 1th Eastern
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