ROSS Preliminary Comprehensive Strategy

8/11/2019 ROSS Preliminary Comprehensive Strategy

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C E N T R A L P U G E T S O U N D

R E G I O N A L O P E N S P A C E S T R A T E G Y

ROSS

A ROBUST,

CONNECTED,

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL

REGIONAL

OPEN SPACE

SYSTEM

PRELIMINARY

COMPREHENSIVE

STRATEGY

University of Washington

Green Futures Research &

Design Lab

University of Washington

Northwest Center for

Livable Communies

Naonal Park Service:

Rivers, Trails, & Conservaon

Assistance Program

Pilot funding by The Bulli Foundaon

SEPTEMBER 2012



GE 2

P U G E T S O U N D

R E G I O N A L O P E N S P AC E S T R A T E G Y

ROSS

INTRODUCTION

The Central Puget Sound Regional Open Space Strategy

What Denes Open Space

Ancipated Outcomes

PRELIMINARY COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY

Execuve Summary

Workplan

Vision + Values

Strategic Direcons: Challenges, Goals + Opportunies

Analycal Tools + Guiding Frameworks

Ecosystems Services: Developing a Model for Valuing Open Space

Communicaons + Stewardship

Watershed Open Space Strategies

Model Regional Mapping

Potenal Near-term Acons

APPENDIX

A: Key Analycal Challenge: Integrang Dierent Ecosystem

Characterizaons and Evaluaon Methods

B: Resources

C: Technical Advisory Commiee Members

5

6

6

7

8

10

12

14

16

17

18

20

22

25

27

31

PRELIMINARY COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGYWORKING DRAFT

XECUTIVE COMMITTEEn Sims (Chair), Puget Sound Partnership Leadership Council

atcher Bailey, Seale Parks Foundaon

an Boyle, University of Washington School of Forest Resources

nnis Canty, American Farmland Trust

ecuve Dow Constanne, King County

leen Congham, Washington Recreaon & Conservaon Oce

rb Culp, Bicycle Alliance of Washington

ke Deller, The Trust for Public Land

b Drewel, Puget Sound Regional Council

ene Duvernoy, Forterra

. David Fleming, Public Health Seale-King County

an Howie Frumkin, University of Washington School of Public Health

mmissioner Charloe Garrido, Kitsap County

mmissioner Peter Goldmark, Washington State Department of Natural Resources

anna Grist, Washington Wildlife & Recreaon Coalion

e Kane, Washington Associaon of Land Trusts

rry Lavender, King County Conservaon Futures Cizen Advisory Commiee

chael Linde, Naonal Park Service Rivers, Trails, & Conservaon Assistance Program

risne Lund, King County Flood Control District

d Mace, United States Forest Service – Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie Forest

lly Mann, Urban Land Instute Seale

ecuve Pat McCarthy, Pierce County

o Miller, The Russell Family Foundaon

erry O’Keefe, Puget Sound Partnership

n Shultz, Washington State Conservaon Commission

annie Summerhays, Washington State Department of Ecology

oug Walker, Seale Parks Foundaon

nthia Wel, Mountains to Sound Greenway

o Wya, The Nature Conservancy

ECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE CO-LEADS

OSYSTEMS

b Fuerstenberg, King County DNRP – Rered

er Thompson, University of Washington

ecision Commons

CREATION & TRAILS

nnifer Knauer, Hook Knauer LLC

my Shumann, Public Health - Seale & King County

URAL & RESOURCE LANDS

uren Smith, King County Execuve’s Oce

ip Swenson, Forterra

RBAN & COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

n Bakkenta, Puget Sound Regional Council

e Tovar, Inova Planning, Communicaons & Design LLC

ROSS PROJECT TEAM

LEADS

John Owen, Makers Architecture & Urban Design

Nancy Role, Green Futures Research & Design Lab, Director

Fritz Wagner, Northwest Center for Livable Communies

PARTNERS

Steve Whitney, The Bulli Foundaon

Bryan Bowden, Naonal Park ServiceRivers, Trails, & Conservaon Assistance Program

STAFF

Jerey W. Raker, Green Futures Research & Design Lab

ROSS Lead Planner

Ginger Daniel, Green Futures Research & Design Lab

ROSS Assistant Planner

Ryan Ulsberger, Puget Sound Instute

GIS Intern, Summer 2012

ROSS LEADERSHIP



GE 4

THE CENTRAL PUGET SOUND

REGIONAL OPEN SPACE STRATEGY

(ROSS)

A ROBUST,

CONNECTED,

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL

REGIONAL

OPEN SPACE

SYSTEM

The Central Puget Sound Regional Open Space Strategy (ROSS) is an eort to conserve and enhance open space s

that contribute to the ecological, economic, recreaonal, and aesthec vitality of our region. It will stch togeth

and foster more eecve collaboraon among the many acvies underway to conserve and enhance open spac

Collecvely, these eorts can contribute to creang a robust, diverse, accessible, and connected regional open s

system. While numerous ongoing open space and environmental protecon projects exist, their eecveness ca

greatly enhanced by idenfying opportunies to make essenal connecons, direcng resources to the most cri

priories, and supporng individual eorts through cooperave approaches to shared challenges.

With leadership at the University of Washington and an esteemed regionally-representave Execuve Commie

this strategic work facilitates and directs an alliance between a broad spectrum of agencies and nonprot and porganizaons that will achieve a mul-dimensional, integrated set of priories and provide tools for regional ope

planning and stewardship in the Central Puget Sound.

The Puget Sound basin is facing signicant ecological and economic pressures, which are predicted to be further

exacerbated by the increasing intensity of cli mate change impacts. These stresses aect water quality and suppl

sh, farm and forest producon, ood and other environmental hazard vulnerability, health of the region’s uniqu

biodiversity, natural resource access and allocaon, economic opportunies, and overall quality of l ife. Addion

not all of the region’s cizens benet equitably from the health, recreaonal, and aesthec assets open space re

provide. Human wellbeing depends on an equitable society as well as a healthy ecosystem and regional open sp

resources play an important role in both.

To successfully address these challenges, acons must be coordinated at the regional level. Ecological systems, i

parcular, must be considered at the watershed scale, and protecng threatened rural and resource lands, publi

and community development require inter-jurisdiconal soluons. By ulizing ecosystem services valuaon ana

a tool for regional green infrastructure planning, this project oers an opportunity to beer understand and exh

costs and benets associated with proposed land management pracces and conservaon eorts.

There is vital momentum and mandate for this work, notably the Puget Sound Regional Council’s (PSRC) Vision 2

which calls for the development of a Regional Open Space Strategy. The ROSS is in direct partnership with PSRC a

other organizaons working on major iniaves that can be l everaged to support open space planning in the reg

market-based conservaon strategies embodied in Forterra’s Cascade Agenda; mul-jurisdiconal approaches to

watershed planning led by the Washington State Department of Ecology and Puget Sound Partnership (PSP); mo

acons for cooperave success by the Mountains to Sound Greenway; large-scale community development inialike PSRC’s Growing Transit Communies; as well as county health districts’ eorts to use land use planning as a

to confront health disparies and social equity. At the moment these eorts are largely independently led or tec

specic in scope.

Developing strategies and alliances that eecvely integrate mulple objecves is a crucial task to make the regi

iniaves more robust, economically vibrant, and ecologically sound, and to provide a framework for long-term

stewardship. The ROSS strives to create a vision for regional open space that will enhance the ecological, econom

social vitality of the region and equip our communies to implement and steward that dream.



GE 6

The Regional Open Space Strategy (ROSS) incorporates four primary phases of work: Phase 1 – Scoping; Phase 2 – Pr

Comprehensive Strategy (PCS); Phase 3 – Watershed Open Space Strategies (WOSS); and Phase 4 – Regional Open Sp

Strategy (ROSS). To iniate project planning, a scoping process was conducted to idenfy the interorganizaonal coll

technical methods, me and resources necessary to complete the ROSS (Phase 1). To iniate Phase 2, an Execuve C

was formed along with four Technical Advisory Commiees (TACs) focused on: Ecosystems, Rural and Resource Land

and Community Development, and Recreaon and Trails. Their leadership has been essenal in creang a shared vis

and potenal near term acons.

This Preliminary Comprehensive Strategy represents the culminaon of Phase 2. It will guide the development of the

through seven Watershed Open Space Strategies (Phase 3) and ulmately the establishment of an integrated Region

Space Strategy that can be used to advance and coordinate regional-scale implementaon mechanisms (Phase 4).

VISIONS + VALUESThe PCS envisions creang an integrated regional open space system celebrated and stewarded by current and futur

generaons. A set of more detailed visions for open space are presented to specically outline objecves among fou

areas: ecosystems, rural and resource lands, urban and community development, and recreaon and trails.

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

The PCS outlines goals, opportunies and near-term acons to pursue in response to a set of challenges that are sha

the four technical areas, providing guidance on incorporang and supporng exisng acvies and tools, preparing d

informaon for analysis, and formulang spaal and funconal visions for the regional open space system.

ANALYTICAL TOOLS + GUIDING FRAMEWORKS

A diverse range of analycal tools and guiding frameworks will be used as the project advances. Each will provide a u

frame from which to idenfy key opportunies and establish priories for land management, acquision and other a

associated with the ROSS.

DEVELOPING AN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES VALUATION MODEL

The PCS guides the region to establish a model for valuing open space by engaging experts in idenfying resources fr

mulple disciplines, highlighng the limitaons, and outlining a replicable framework that can be used to facilitate th

applicaon of ecosystem service valuaon.

COMMUNICATION + STEWARDSHIP

An addional set of opportunies and near term acons are established that will assist the region in construcng a

stewardship strategy and linking conservaon eorts at a regional scale.

WATERSHED OPEN SPACE STRATEGIES (WOSS)

General programmac strategies and guidance for work to be conducted in the region’s watersheds is provided to en

that the ROSS incorporates local knowledge through a strong parcipatory process, links priories and coordinates e

conservaon acons, and builds local capacity to inform and implement the vision for a regional open space system.

MODEL REGIONAL MAPPING

The spaal vision developed as part of the PCS will incorporate exisng data and informaon, idenfy regional-scale

priories, and outline a strategy to form spaal linkages that support mulple layers of interest represented by the fo

technical areas. This vision will be tested and rened against local knowledge in each watershed.

The Preliminary Comprehensive Strategy outlines how to create a robust, d iverse, accessible, and connected regiona

space system for the Central Puget Sound.

THE CENTRAL PUGET SOUND REGIONAL OPEN SPACE

PRELIMINARY COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY (PCS)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Central Puget Sound ROSS will serve as a crucial piece in regional planning eorts. This mul-year

eort intends to yield:

• A set of strategies to achieve an interconnected open space system linking seven watersheds,

including visual representaons of spaal and other linkages between green infrastructure systems

to fulll open space conservaon, amenity, and ecosystem service objecves for the region.

• GIS analysis on the watershed and regional scale.

• A strategic list of priority projects and acons that provide mutual and regionally scaled benets

across ecological, economic and community development, recreaon/health, and resource land

conservaon goals that spans the seven crical watersheds within the region.

• A methodology for evaluang the value of ecosystem services performed by open space systems. A

toolkit will be developed that can be used to analyze the economic and social benets of open space

investments ranging from improved water quality and climate migaon/adaptaon to increased

recreaon access and economic development.

• An engaged, collaborave and mobilized constuency for open space enhancements across each

watershed and regional leadership.

ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES

pen space is an embracing term for a diverse spectrum of lands across a rural and urban connuum on large and small

ales. Tradionally open space may be imagined as wilderness lands or public parks, but it also encompasses resource

nds for agricultural and mber producon, wetlands and water bodies, local and regional recreaonal trail systems, as

ell as urban green spaces like parkways, rain gardens, and green roofs.

ogether these open space lands and water bodies provide a vast number of crical services and life-enhancing benets

n which the region depends. Many ecosystem services that we take for granted are provided by open space, such as

ater quality, ood control, air quality, carbon sequestraon, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity. The economic vitality

our region depends on our mber, agricultural and sheries producvity, recreaonal tourism and the ability to

ract anchor businesses thanks to our quality of life and stunning landscape. Open space improves health, plays a role

reducing obesity, reduces stress, and provides accessible recreaonal benets for all. Together these lands create a

nique regional identy and sense of place, celebrate our cultural and geological history and provide vital educaonal

sources for future generaons to come. Open space is the keystone for life as we know it in the Puget Sound region.

WHAT DEFINES OPEN SPACE?



GE 8

PHASE 3 PHASE 4

STRATEGIC LIST OF PRIORITY PROJECTS

AND ACTIONS THAT PROVIDE MUTUAL +

REGIONALLY SCALED BENEFITS

METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING

VALUE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

PERFORMED BY OPEN SPACE SYSTEMS

ENGAGED, COLLABORATIVE, AND

MOBILIZED CONSTITUENCY FOR OPEN

SPACE ENHANCEMENTS ACROSS

EACH WATERSHED AND REGIONAL

LEADERSHIP

A SET OF STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE

INTERCONNECTED OPEN SPACE LINKING

SEVEN WATERSHEDS, INCLUDING

VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS

GIS ANALYSIS ON REGIONAL +

WATERSHED SCALE

WATERSHED

OPEN SPACE

STRATEGIES

(WOSS)

REGIONAL

OPEN

SPACE

STRATEGY

STILLAGUAMISH

SNOHOMISH

CEDAR/SAMMAMISH

DUWAMISH/GREEN

PUYALLUP/WHITE

NISQUALLY

KITSAP

WATERSHED TASK FORCES: A taskforce associated with each

WOSS will be formed to help guide open space strategy

development in each watershed.

GOVERNANCE + FINANCE SUB-COMMITTEE: An EC sub-commiee will explore governance, coordinaon, and funding opons.

ECOSYSTEMS TASK FORCE: A taskforce of experse from the UW, the Natural Capital Project, and the Cascadia Ecosystem Services Partnership

will explore opportunies to integrate ecosystem services evaluaon into ROSS.

OUTREACH + COMMUNICATIONS SUB-COMMITTEE: An EC sub-commiee will establish a communicaons strategy.

PHASE 1 PHASE 2

ROSS WORKPLAN

SCOPING

To iniate ROSS

planning, the Green

Futures Lab (GFL)

and Northwest

Center for Livable

Communies (NWCLC)

of the University ofWashington, with

grants from the Bulli

Foundaon, conducted

a scoping process in

2010 to idenfy the

interorganizaonal

collaboraon, technical

methods, me, and

resources necessary to

complete the ROSS.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (EC): In early 2012 an esteemed Execuve

Commiee was formed.

TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTESS: Ecosys tems, Rural + Resource

Lands, Urban + Community Development, and Recreaon + Trails.

They developed sub-visions, challenges and opportunies, resources,

and strategic direcons to inform the PCS.

PRELIMINARY

COMPREHENSIVE

STRATEGY

(PCS)

VISION + VALUES

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS:

Challenges, Goals + Opportunies

ANALYTICAL TOOLS +

GUIDING FRAMEWORKS

COMMUNICATION +

STEWARDSHIP

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES:

Developing a Model for Valuing

Open Space

WATERSHED OPEN SPACE

STRATEGIES

(WOSS)


NEAR-TERM ACTIONS

L E A D E R S H I P

K E Y W O R K P R O D U C T S

STAFF + CONSULTATIVE

GUIDANCE: Green Futures

Lab, Northwest Center for

Livable Communies, The

Bulli Foundaon, and

Naonal Park Service work

together as the ROSS Project

Team.

HEALTH + EQUITY TASK FORCE: A taskforce of public health leadership will explore opportunies to integrate health and social equity

consideraons into the ROSS and ecosystem services analysis.





The Technical Advisory Commiees

idened opportunies, challenges, and

other guidance specic to each technical

area. A shared set of challenges, goals,

and opportunies were drawn from

these ndings. These Strategic Direcons

provide guidance on incorporang

and supporng exisng acvies and

tools, preparing data and informaon

for analysis, and formulang a spaal

and funconal vision for the regional

open space system that can be tested

against local knowledge by engaging

communies as the Watershed Open

Space Strategies are developed.

GE 12

Idenfy linear systems and

spaal features that can se

as an organizing framework

connecng important region

space assets, coordinang o

space investments, and form

an interconnected hierarchy

open spaces with mulple la

connecon to the communit

Idenfy gaps and opportun

create habitat corridors wit

between watersheds and th

urbanized areas.

Outline how to link all publ

lands, accessible shoreline,exisng natural lands, and m

marginalized lands into a re

open space system that pro

the opmum ecosystem se

benet.

FORMULATE AN INTEGR

SPATIAL VISION TO CREA

CONNECTED REGIONAL O

SPACE SYSTEM

Evaluate where exisng tools have

become ineecve in prevenng

land fragmentaon and provide

guidance to improve growth

management and environmental

regulaon to be more responsive

to crical ecological funcons that

span between urban, suburban,

rural, and natural areas.

Facilitate greater consistency

for jurisdicons use of urban

ecology tools regarding regulatory

frameworks, methods of analysis,

land management approaches, and

project implementaon.

Explore the ecosystem service

benets to developing common

agricultural areas and community

forests and other innovave tools

to improve land management and

ensure future resource producon.

COALESCE AND ENHANCE EXISTING

CONSERVATION TOOLS, LAND

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, AND

REGULATORY APPROACHES

Enhance guidance regarding

appropriate gradients of public

access.

Ensure that recreaonal

investments recognize the

complexity and fragility of

ecological systems and plan for

intenonal points of access and

restricon.

Enhance instuonal capacies and

planning for water trails and outline

strategies to support water-based

recreaon.

Ulize research on smart growthand low impact development to

inform how the regional open

space system can support large

scale redevelopment eorts.

CONSERVE OR RECLAIM ECOLOGICAL

FUNCTION, USE OPEN SPACE

TO REINFORCE COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT, AND IMPROVE

PUBLIC ACCESS TO OPEN SPACE

Exisng policies and regulatory

frameworks have resulted in

unintended consequences that

threaten the integrity of the regional

open space system and exisng

conservaon tools are isolated and

incomplete.

The value and funcon of urban

ecological systems and degraded

natural habitat in developed areas

are too oen neglected and many

communies are unable to enjoy

parks and open space.

The piecemeal implementa

regional open space planni

development fails to respo

diverse contextual needs an

strong geographic and func

linkages across all landsca

REGIONAL OPEN SPACE SYSTEM OBJECTIVES, OPPORTUNITIES + ACTIONS

CENTRAL

PUGET SOUND

REGIONAL

OPEN SPACE

SYSTEM

ECOSYSTEMS

RURAL + RESOURCE LANDS

RECREATION + TRAILS

URBAN + COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

OPPORTUNITIES

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

GOALS

Outline gaps in research,

monitoring, and protecon

strategies.

Highlight key ndings by dierent

analyses to idenfy where

priories for open space intersect.

Apply an ecosystem services

valuaon framework to evaluate

relave benets and idenfy

priories.

INCORPORATE, SUPPLEMENT, AND

LINK EXISTING DATA ANALYSES TO

IDENTIFY KEY OPEN SPACE VALUES

AND PRIORITIES

CHALLENGES

Methods of analysis vary

dramacally across jurisdicons

and disciplines. Consequently a

consistent and robust method

of priorizing i nvestments and

exhibing the benets of a regional

open space system has not been

established.



In construcng a comprehensive strategy that represents the mulple funcons of open space it will be essenal to use a

range of analyses and valuaon approaches. These analycal tools and guiding frameworks provide the project with a uniq

from which to idenfy key opportunies and establish priories for land management, acquision, and other acons associ

the Regional Open Space Strategy. Each of these tools will help reinforce previously idened goals.

Ulize tools that assess the relave ecological integrity of dierent lands and apply a landscape ecology principle to develop

ecological corridors and inform how the regional open space system is developed. Assess the full spectrum of benets using

ecosystem service analysis. See Appendix A for more informaon on this process.

Conduct a GIS analysis that links priories for ecological habitat with open space priories that support other key interests to

ynthesize needs and idenfy where acons to support open space might intersect. Establish a spaal vision for the regional open

pace system based on this assessment.

GE 14

CONNECTED SYSTEMS

importa

regiona

space as

connec

smaller,

commu

systems

conserving + enhancing key

regional resources

connecng assets to create

landscape scale systems +

provide access (arteries)

ensuring that systems

are connected to local

communies (capillaries)

Idenfy linear systems and other spaal features that can serve as an organizing framework in connecng important regiona

space assets, coordinate open space investments, and help form mulple layers of connecon to the community.

Ulize research on smart growth and low impact development to inform how the regional open space system can help recla

ecological funcon in areas with degraded natural habitat and reinforce growth and development through investments in ur

green space and green infrastructure.

GREY TO GREEN + GREEN TO GREY

=

natural habitat

rural

developed

urban

can densifying urban areas preserve

ecological funcon elsewhere?

can urban greenspace and green

infrastructure reinforce growth and

development? can disturbed areas be restored to reclaim

ecological funcon?

ECOSYSTEM BASED LAND ANALYSIS + VALUATION

L E V E L O F I M P O R T A N C E

LEVEL OF DEGRADATIONHIGH

HIGH

LOW

PROTECT RESTORE

CONSERVE DEVELOP

LANDMANAGEMENT

APPROACH

+ LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY

PRINCIPLES

WATERSHED

CHARACTERIZAION

ECOSYSTEM

SERVICES+

$

+values2

regional climate + airquality regulaon

f o o d

p r o d u

c t o n

c a r b o n s e q u e s t r a o n

f o r e s t p

r o d u c

o n

preserving habitats +biodiversity

w a t e r f o w r e g u l a o n

w a t e r q

u a l i t y

r e g u l a

o n

h u m a n h e a l t h + q u a i l t y

o f l i f e

CONCEPTUAL APPROACHESCONCEPTUAL TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS + PRIORITIZATIONANALYSIS + PRIORITIZATION TOOLS

LAYERING + OPTIMIZING FUNCTIONS + VALUES

Regional growth centers and developed corridors

Open space deserts + access inequies

Ecosystems services + climate adaptaon/migaon

Resource lands

Trail systems + recreaon linkages

MULTIPLE BENEFITS = ROSS OPPORTUNITY

+ Addional layers

ANALYTICAL TOOLS AND GUIDING FRAMEWORKS



GE 16

CENTRAL

PUGET SOUND

REGIONAL

OPEN SPACE

SYSTEM

ECOSYSTEMSRURAL + RESOURCE

LANDS

RECREAT

+ TRA

URBAN +

COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT

OPPORTUNITIES

Coordinate eorts to support

community-driven open space

conservaon that enhance the

region’s ability to integrate parks

and open space i nto communies,

guide growth and revitalize

neighborhoods and cies, fulll

ecological and economic interests,

as well as addressing community

needs such as health disparies and

other inequies.

Use the open space system to

enhance regional identy and build

an ethic of stewardship, ownership

and a sense of place.

Incorporate and elevate a regional

open space framework into

environmental and cizenship

educaon eorts, reaching the

general public, young people, land

owners, land managers, and elected

ocials.

UTILIZE THE REGIONAL OPEN SPACE

SYSTEM AS A PLATFORM TO INSPIRE

STEWARDSHIP, ENCOURAGE DIVERSE

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT,

AND PROMOTE A SUSTAINABLE

AND EQUITABLE COMMUNITY

GOALS

Establish a region-wide plan for

open space and then fund projects

in stages to elevate the value of a

regional approach.

Develop a governing structure

that operates on a regional scale ,

eecvely overcoming tradional

silos and barriers of technical

and jurisdiconal boundaries,

that manages complex ecological

challenges, and oversees ROSS

implementaon.

Establish ongoing, coordinated

management and monitoring that

responds to specic contextual

needs, geographic and funconal

linkages, and adapts to changing

condions.

DEVELOP A SUSTAINABLE SOURCE

OF REGION-WIDE STEWARDSHIP,

MAINTENANCE, AND FUNDING

CHALLENGESThere is no comprehensive eort

to build an understanding of the

link between open space and

community development at a

regional scale.

Uncoordinated investment and

insuent communicaon of best

pracces in open space planning and

development at a regional scale.

COMMUNICATIONS + STEWARDSHIP

$

$

+

values2

regional climate + air

quality regulaon

f o o d

p r o d u

c t o n


f o r e s t p

r o d u c

o n

preserving habitats +

biodiversity


w a t e r q

u a l i t y

r e g u l a

o n


o f l i f e

Ecosystem services valuaon is a tool that has become

increasingly used in idenfying the ways in which open space

produces dividends in the community and to outline why such

investments have value. The ROSS iniave will support more

integrated research and enhance our understanding of how

to conserve lands and open space linkages to maximize the

provision of ecosystem services. As work proceeds, the ROSS

will:

• Explore the most appropriate methods to undertake an

ecosystem services assessment that informs regional

leaders and the general public about the values of a

regional open space system.

• Highlight resources, tools, and experse from mulple

disciplines that can help broaden the discussion regarding

ecosystem services to include public health and other less

tradionally associated values.

• Outline a framework for sta to ulize in conducng

watershed scale analysis regarding open space to facilitate

the applicaon of such ecosystem service valuaon.

• Explore how this model could be shared among other

naonal and internaonal regional conservaon eorts.

DEVELOPING AN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES VALUATION

MODEL FOR REGIONAL OPEN SPACE

Ulize the full range of analycal

tools to assess the varying

contribuons of open space

landscape types to the ecosystem

services that nature provides in the

region.

Build support and jusfy

investments in open space by

clarifying the direct value it

provides for people in securing

clean air and water, prevenng ood

damage, and safeguarding farm and

forest resources.

Posion expenditures on regional

conservaon as investments with

dividends in the community.

Improve on an understanding

that even when open space is not

physically accessible its presence

sll has value.

EVALUATE AND BETTER

COMMUNICATE THE VALUE OF OPEN

SPACE AND THE BENEFITS THAT

PEOPLE GET FROM ECOSYSTEMS

The region is unable to reinforce

exisng support for open space

because of a limited understanding

of the full range of benets that

nature provides and an i nability

to communicate the value of

conservaon to society, human

well-being, and our economy.

ECOSYSTEM

SERVICES



GE 18

PUYALLUP-

WHITE

WOSS

EXAMPLE

Inial steps underway in the Puyallup-White Watershed (WRIA 10) serve as an illustraon of a mod

Early inquiry and conversaons have idened key partners, opportunies, and gaps. While sll in

nascent stages, GIS data is being idened to reect ROSS technical areas and explore gaps, overla

mulfunconal benets. This analysis will align with an integrated vision for the watershed and hig

priority acons to improve and further connect the open space system. Each WOSS will be tailored

respond to eorts highlighted by leaders of organizaons in the studied watershed to ensure the w

builds on previous acvies.

EMPLOY

ANALYTICAL TOOLS +

GUIDING FRAMEWORKS:

PUBLIC

ENGAGEMENT:Conduct

parcipatory

workshops

working with local

municipalies and

NGOs to idenfy

opportunies and

gaps, co-envision

the WOSS and

inspire future

stewardship

VISIONING CHARETTEEstablish vision, goals +

objecves

WATERSHED REGIONAL OPEN SPACE STRATEGIES (WOSS)

he success of the nal ROSS is dependent on the compleon of seven Watershed Open Space Strategies (WOSS) that

ill roll up into a nal integrated strategy. Each WOSS will embrace a strong parcipatory process, ulizing exisng

atershed level leadership, and linking eorts between key interests in order synthesize needs and idenfy the nexus

idened priories. A corresponding GIS analysis will idenfy current open space condions and opportunies for

vestment in projects of mulple and mutual benet. Funds designated for local on-the-ground stewardship groups will

nable connuity of public engagement to promote shared ownership and stewardship, while also building capacity for

ose organizaons. Educaonal materials will be developed to foster greater appreciaon and acvism for open space.

GATHER DATAIdenfy exisng planning acvies, exisng GIS data

across ROSS technical areas

DEVELOP WOSS TASK FORCEConvene key watershed leaders represenng all ROSS

Technical Areas across government, NGOs, tribes, etc.

ANALYZE + ASSESS DATAPrepare maps for public meeng

PREPARE ALTERNATE STRATEGIESReview with WOSS Taskforce and other crical players

PREPARE DRAFT WOSSfor Public and E xecuve Commiee

SYNTHESIZE + KNIT WITH OTHER WOSS

LAUNCH PROJECTGather addional informaon

IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES AND GAPSbased on ROSS PCS values and objecves, prepare for public charee

EVALUATE STRATEGIES

+ ENGAGE BUY-IN

PRESENT +

CELEBRATE!

ECOSYSTEMS

RURAL + RESOURCE

LANDS

RECREATION

+ TRAILS

URBAN + COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT

Pierce County Open Space Taskf

Biodiversity Priories

Pierce County Open Space Taskf

Agriculture and Forest priories

PSRC centers, regional transit sta

and other land use data

Pierce County Regional Trails Pla

County Open Space Taskforce 10

and trails priories

KEY PARTNERS FOR WOSS TASK FORCE

Puyallup River Watershed Council

Pierce County Oce of Sustainability

Pierce County Surface Water Management Division

King + Pierce Conservaon District

Watershed Coordinaon Group

Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department

King County Water + Land Resources Division

IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES + GAPS

GIS DATA GATHERING (see note below)

Addional data will be added to represent technical areas, goals, and values. For example: Ecosystems - Key lands for biodiversity and high integrity e

lands (e.g. Pierce County Biodiversity Management Plan, salmon recovery eorts); Rural + Resource Lands - Addional data idenfying agricultural a

priories (e.g. Pierce County Agricultural Strategic Plan, Forterra, American Farmland Trust); Urban + Community Development - Addional data on

deserts’ and health/equity consideraons (e.g. Regional Opportunity Mapping, Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department data); Recreaon + Trails -

trail network inventories, proposed trails, and idened gaps (e.g. PSRC Bicycle Network, WTA data, water access data, county level recreaon trail d

This list is not exhausve.

• Assess suscepbility to land conversion and evaluate t

of development proposals

• Evaluate ecosystem services provided by current open

• Idenfy best-value projects that achieve mulple bene

• Enhance advocacy and public educaon



GE 20

anortonw:\gis\projects\andy\psrcprojects\parkos.mxd04-19-0611:00 Legend

Base Layers

Natural Resource Land

Rural Land

Agriculture

Parks and Open Space

Urban Center

Transformational Strategies

Protect threatened rural areas

Transform industrial floodplains

Create green fingers

Provide open space for corridors

Connect urban neighborhoods to

regional open space resources and

enhance urban elements that also

serve as open space and green

infrastructure resources (e.g. urban

forests, bike routes, complete

streets etc.)

Integrate ecological enhancements

into appropriate redevelopment

and recreaonal projects to upgrade

industrial estuaries and ood plains.

arget new parks and mul-funconal

use of streets or other public

properes to relieve open space

‘deserts’.

Integrate PSRC’s transportaon

oriented trail plan with counes’

creaon trail planning to idenfy the

most benecial improvements

Ensure fair access to resources for allcommunies and populaons.

Support “healthy communies”

ograms by priorizing recreaon and

acvity improvements.

Idenfy at-risk resource lands and

strategies to sustain them (e.g. purchase of

development rights, agricultural economy

programs, sustainable forestry pracces, etc.)

Use ecosystem services analysis to idenfy

key green infrastructure resources.

CONCEPTUAL MAP HIGHLIGHTING REGIONAL OPEN SPACE SYSTEM PRIORITES

e diagrammac map below is adapted from PSRC’s VISION 2040 Regional Design Strategy. It does not represent accurate data but

es illustrate how the ROSS Vision and Values will be translated into specic priories within the region. The completed ROSS will

include a similar picture but with extensive detail and specic priories based on watershed scaled analysis.

OPEN SPACE BENEFITS WITHIN A TYPICAL PUGET SOUND WATERSHED

A full range of wilderness ecosystems,

including prairies and forested lowlands,

are essenal for retaining the region’s

biodiversity.

Aquac systems are essenal

for the region’s ecological health

which, in turn, is crical for theviability of human communies.

Walkable neighborhoods with parks and

recreaon opportunies are necessary for

human health.

Open space elements

including parks,

walkable streets,

trees, and green

belts enhance the

livability of urban

communies,

provide important

green infrastructure

funcons, and

encourage posive

development.

The health of aquac systems requires

connuity along the whole length and

breadth of the watershed, including urban

waterfronts.

Puget Sound’s iconic natu

and inmacy between

human sengs establish t

core identy and are

econo

Besides providing

products, and joblands supply

ecosystem se

as ood reduc

water purica

sequestraon, and

Industrial estuar

substanal op

for ecological

along with mo

sho

Regional trails, if

to local neigbo

regional araco

transportaon,and human healt

as well as in

aracng new

The illustraon below is adapted from PSRC’s Vision 2040. It indicates how the viability of the Puget Sound’s ecology an

communies depends on a robust, connected, and mul-funconal open space system extending through the region’s wat


nnect ecologically linked open space

systems (especially aquac systems)

for greater resilience.



GE 22

Partner with other University

of Washington departments,

the Natural Capital project

and the Cascadia Ecosystem

Services Partnership to form

a taskforce of ecosystem

services analysis experse

from mulple disciplines

to explore opportunies to

integrate ecosystem services

evaluaon into the Regional

Open Space Strategy.

Incorporate analysis that

illuminates the full cost

of infrastructure and

development expansions

to tax payers and begin to

highlight the value open

spaces provide in terms of

ecosystem services in each

Watershed Open Space

Strategy.

Work with ROSS partners to

establish a communicaon

strategy that exhibits

the direct value of open

space landscapes and

the investment that is

needed to secure these

ecosystem services for future

generaons.

EVALUATE AND BETTER

COMMUNICATE THE VALUE

OF OPEN SPACE AND THE

BENEFITS THAT PEOPLE GET

FROM ECOSYSTEMS

Form an execuve

level outreach and

communicaons commiee

to idenfy strategies to

ensure the ROSS is embraced

and celebrated in the region.

Work with ROSS partners

to build a coalion across

sectors tradionally not

engaged in conservaon

eorts (i.e. health, faith

communies, manufacturing

rms, energy rms, cultural

organizaons, historic

preservaon groups,

teachers, etc.).

Partner with County

Conservaon Districts to

educate the public about

working lands within their

watershed ulizing eco/agrotourism and events that

get people out onto forests

and farms.

UTILIZE THE REGIONAL

OPEN SPACE SYSTEM AS

A PLATFORM TO INSPIRE

STEWARDSHIP, ENCOURAGE

DIVERSE COMMUNITY

ENGAGEMENT AND

PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE AND

EQUITABLE COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT.

Form an execuve level

commiee to explore

governance, inter-

organizaonal coordinaon,

and long-term funding

opons for open space at a

regional scale.

Partner with Naonal

Park Service to introduce

key federal agencies to

the ROSS project, idenfy

shared programmac

objecves, and generate

interest and commitment to

support the project.

Work with partners to

explore how to integrate

adapve management into

the ROSS.

DEVELOP A SUSTAINABLE

SOURCE OF REGION-

WIDE STEWARDSHIP,

MAINTENANCE, AND

FUNDING

$

Ulize the Watershed Open

Space Strategies to begin

to establish a spaal vision

for the regional open space

system based on the layering

and opmizaon of funcons

and values across mulple

disciplines and interests.

Partner with PSRC’s Growing

Transit Communies project

to idenfy underulized

properes and opportunity

sites for open space as a

means to alleviate health

disparies and support

equitable development

objecves in confronng

open space ‘deserts’ along

the proposed regional transit

corridor system.

FORMULATE AN

INTEGRATED SPATIAL

VISION TO CREATE A

CONNECTED REGIONAL

OPEN SPACE SYSTEM.

Ulize the Watershed Open

Space Strategies as a means

to build capacity and further

align local eorts to address

open space.

Partner with Forterra to

establish guidance on

best pracces and inter-

jurisdiconal alignment for

urban tree canopy strategies

as a regional demonstraon

project for the ROSS.

Disseminate inial ndings

from the ROSS and the

WOSS to inform local

updates to comprehensive

plans and the next Vision

2040 update in 2014.

COALESCE AND ENHANCE

EXISTING CONSERVATION

TOOLS, LAND MANAGEMENT

PRACTICES, AND

REGULATORY APPROACHES

Idenfy opportunies

to restore ecological

funcons in developed

areas and reinforce

community development

as a component of each

Watershed Open Space

Strategy.

Partner with PSRC and

County health districts to

ulize exisng analyses

in idenfying how open

space can best address key

inequies/health disparies,

accessibility/connecvity of

the system and community

development.

Develop waterfront access

on shoreline street ends in

urban areas, expanding the

reach of Friends of StreetEnds.

Partner with the Regional

Food Policy Council

and other local food

organizaons to idenfy

how open space can further

contribute to regional food

security eorts while also

addressing healthy food

access and equity.

CONSERVE OR RECLAIM

ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION,

USE OPEN SPACE TO

REINFORCE COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT, AND

IMPROVE PUBLIC ACCESS

TO OPEN SPACE

Partner with Puget Sound

nstute to incorporate

and link current ecological

assessments and priories

o analyses and priority

seng associated with

other key interests as part of

he Watershed Open Space

Strategies.

Partner with PSRC

o integrate regional

ransportaon-oriented trail

nventories and proposed

networks with county

evel recreaon-oriented

rail planning to create

a centralized, accessible

database that can be used

o ensure regional trails

help form connecons that

support the regional open

space system.

Partner with Forterra,

American Farmland Trust,

conservaon organizaons,

conservaon districts, and

state agencies to idenfy key

ands that need protecon

by mapping rural land use,

resource lands and current

rends to highlight key

condions and threats.

INCORPORATE,

SUPPLEMENT, AND LINK

EXISTING DATA ANALYSES

TO IDENTIFY KEY OPEN

SPACE VALUES AND

PRIORITIES

POTENTIAL NEAR-TERM ACTIONS

A ROBUST,

CONNECTED,

MULTI-FUNCTIONA

REGIONAL

OPEN SPACE

SYSTEM

These potenal near-term acons support regional stewardship, opportunies for shared analysis, or specic demonstraon

projects that exhibit the value of approaching open space conservaon and development at a regional scale. While this is not a

comprehensive list and there are many other worthwhile projects and programs that the ROSS will need to be aligned with, these

iniaves represent key opportunies for collaborave eort.



GE 24

APPENDIX A

During the Ecosystem TAC discussions, commiee members noted that there are at least 3 dierent approaches to chara

ecosystems and evaluang their importance: the watershed characterizaon process developed by the WA Dept of Ecolo

various landscape ecology methodologies and the evaluaon of the services provided by the natural environment (ecosy

services valuaon).

The Department of Ecology’s watershed characterizaon approach examines the physical and chemical processes, such a

and transport of water, sediment, nutrients, etc within an aquac ecosystem. Through this analysis, ecologists can pinpo

those geographic areas and condion s in which key processes are impaired to the extent that the ecosystem is degraded

landscape ecology approach examines the interacons between the biological components of an ecosystem, such as plan

animal communies, as well as its physical chara cteriscs across a given geographic area . One way to think of the dier

to note that the watershed characterizaon approach focuses on the physical foundaons of an aquac ecosystem and a

that if those processes are within a natural range, generally they can produce the structure and ecological funcons (e.g.

of suitable habitat) necessary to support the ecosystem, while the landscape ecology method looks at a larger range of in

and relaonships to assess the level of funcon within a given area. Both methods can be used to assess an ecosystem’s

idenfy areas or condions especially important to its proper funconing and suggest acons to enhance its “health”. T

methods are compable, and the TAC members advised using both methods in the WOSS analyses. Fortunately, much e

characterizaon has already been done as part of the Department of Ecology’s work and SMP updates, the WRIA analysis

being used by the Puget Sound Partnership, and the Nature Conservancy’s Biodiversity Porolio, not to menon the asse

accomplished by the counes. To interpret this work it will be necessary to involve key experts in idenfying gaps and tr

the ndings into recommended acons.

Ecosystem services analysis evaluates more specically those human benets that the ecosystem provides directly. Th es

generally grouped into four broad categories: provisioning services, such as the producon of food and water; regulatng

such as the control of climate and ooding and the puricaon of air and water; supportng services, such as nutrient cyc

crop pollinaon; and cultural services, such as spiritual and recreaonal benets. This concept has received much aen

recent years and there are a number of models that can be used to quanfy the economic benets of the natural enviro

(including areas such as agricultural oodplains which reduce ood damage and elements such as street trees that help r

temperatures and storm water, clean the air and sequester carbon). Idencaon of ecosystem service benets will be o

cornerstones of the WOSS analyses and the ROSS team will idenfy suitable evaluaon methodologies to support this w

results of this analysis will 1) contribute to the idencaon of priority open space protecon and enhancement acons

stress the importance and value of ecosystem services.

Key Analycal Challenge: Integrang Dierent Ecosystem

Characterizaons and Evaluaon Methods

L E V E L O F I M P O R T A N C E

LEVEL OF DEGRADATIONHIGH

HIGH

LOW

PROTECT RESTORE

CONSERVE DEVELOP

LANDMANAGEMENT

APPROACH

+ LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY

PRINCIPLES

WATERSHED

CHARACTERIZAION

ECOSYSTEM

SERVICES+

$

+

values2

regional climate + air

quality regulaon

f o o d

p r o d u

c t o n


f o r e s t p

r o d u c

o n

preserving h

biodiversity


w a t e r q

u a l i t y

r e g u l a

o n


o f l i f e



GE 26

APPENDIX B

Resources Noted to Date

DATA + ANALYSES

Ecosystem Mapping:

Mapping has been conducted by a number of organizaons to idenfy key habitat for conservaon including

The Nature Conservancy, local land trusts, and the EPA, as well as the Washington State Department of Natural

Resources, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Washington State Department of Ecology. Each cou

has established its own maps of key habitat areas and Trust for Public Land’s work on the Greenprint for King Co

provides a detailed look at priority investments in open space beyond solely ecological demands.

The Puget Sound Watershed Characterizaon Project, organized by the Puget Sound Partnership and Washingto

State Department of Ecology, highlights the most important areas to protect, and restore, and those most suitab

development.

Ecosystem Services Valuaon:

Earth Economics has conducted mapping of ecosystem services explicit to certain communies in the region as w

as conducng an assessment for the Puget Sound Basin. Departments at the University of Washington and Casc

Ecosystem Services Partnership will be queried for complementary research eorts.

Health + Equity Mapping:

Regional Opportunity Mapping at PSRC and analysis among county health agencies and other departments will

that the regional open space system can address health disparies and inequity.

Resource Land Risk Assessment + Priorizaon:

• County level assessments of land ownership in rural and resource lands (Greenprint for King County)

• Agriculture and rural land surveys (Conservaon Districts and counes - Kitsap County, Strategic Plan fo

Agriculture (2011))

• USDA report priorizing agricultural zoned lands, evaluang level of risk to loss

Inventory of Trail Facilies:

PSRC has established a shared regional typology for bicycle facilies, completed an inventory of regional bicycle

facilies and some pedestrian facilies, and iniated the development of a Dra Regional Bicycle Network as pa

of an upcoming Regional Acve Transportaon Plan. Addional resources such as reports from bicycle & pedestadvocacy organizaons (e.g. Cascade Bicycle Club Le By The Side of the Road) will need to be reviewed alongsi

city, county, and state trails and parks/recreaon plans.

The advisory commiees in each technical area engaged in an early exercise to idenfy key resources: Data and

Analysis, Plans and Programs, and Organizaons and People that could be incorporated into the project. The fol

list is not a comprehensive list of assets and informaon that is needed, but it reects a sampling of the resourc

necessary to support specic analyses and link up with eorts underway in the region that can support the ROSS

project.



GE 28

ORGANIZATIONS + PEOPLE

Research instuons

Funding community and corporaons

Tribal Governments

Military planners

Developers and business interests

Ecosystems:

• Puget Sound Partnership

• Naonal Marine Fisheries Service

• People for Puget Sound

• Washington Biodiversity Council

• Washington Wildli fe Habitat Connecvit y Working Group

Rural + Resource Lands

• Forterra

• American Farmland Trust

• United States Department of Agriculture• Washington State Department of Natural Resources

• County governments

• County conservaon districts

• Land & farmland trusts

• Other key farm and forestry interests

Recreaon + Trails

• PSRC Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Commiee

• Bicycle Alliance of Washington

• Cascade Bicycle Club

• Feet First

• Private recreaon groups and companies

• Private/commun ity (HOA) owned parks and plazas

• Local trails associaons

• County level health agencies and recreaon departments

• Railroads and water/sewer/ulity districts (e.g. BNSF, PUD, PSE, BPA)

• Washington Water Trails

Urban and Community Development

• PSRC, County, and City planners

• Sound Transit and local transit agencies

• Home ownerships associao ns, and key property owners

PLANS + PROGRAMS

Ecosystem Planning:

Salmon recovery plans have been developed for each watershed and groups have already organized themselves

around ecological consideraons regarding the protecon of Puget Sound. ROSS will support implementaon of the

Puget Sound Partnership Acon Agenda and Local Integrang Organizaon (LIO) objecves by closely working with

Salmon & Ecosystem Recovery Coordinators and supplemenng rather than replicang acvies underway as part of

he PSP Biennial Science Workplan.

Rural + Resource Lands Planning:

• Regional TDR Alliance (DOC, PSRC, Forterra)

• Landscape Conservaon and Local Infrastructure Program (Forterra)

• Tailored conservaon approaches by landscape type (Forterra)

• Communicang alternaves (UW Decision Commons)

Recreaon + Trails Planning:

PSRC Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Commiee regional bicycle network, county trail plans, transit service level maps,

Feet First Walking Maps & Safe Routes to School data will help inform how safe connecons can be made between

open space and community desnaons, parcularly among undeserved communies.

Collecve groupings of local jurisdicons such as the Suburban Cies Associaon, AWC, and Forterra’s Green Cies

Partnership will be important contacts in assessing exisng eorts to link projects and investments for recreaon

and trails across polical boundaries. The Naonal Park Service, the Naonal Parks Conservaon Associaon, and

he Washington Recreaon and Parks Associaon can help link regional scale investments in recreaon to broader

ystems and it will be important to clarify the role of the Trust for Public Land.

As the ROSS assesses how to improve public access to recreaon it will be important to work with the Washington

State Department of Natural Resources as well as other large public land owners. Lessons from the Mountains to

Sound Greenway and its strategic plan will help set out approaches to public access on the region’s lands. It will also

be important to contact the Washington Water Trails Associaon and partners in other counes (e.g. San Juan and

Orcas water trail groups) to evaluate how to improve access to the region’s waterways.

Urban + Community Planning:

The Green Cies Partnership and community advocacy work at Forterra will help idenfy how to engage and

empower communies to support open space. Addional county level data (Greenprint for King County, Kitsap County

Greenways Plan (1995), Pierce County Open Space Taskforce, water/ood management mapping) will ensure that the

ROSS can idenfy the intersects among a varied grouping of interests. In addion, there may be an opportunity to

coordinate between groups working on urban watersheds (e.g. Thornton Creek Alliance).

PSRC’s Growing Transit Communies Program is evaluang underulized properes and opportunity sites along

proposed high capacity transit corridors. Agreements are being established for aordable housing and the ROSS will

ink with these eorts to idenfy opportunies to address open space “deserts” along these corridors



GE 30

ECOSYSTEMS TAC CO-LEADS Bob Fuerstenberg, King County DNRP – Rered

Crier Thompson, UW Decision Commons

TAC PARTICIPANTSGeorge Blomberg, Port of Seale

Gordon Bradley, UW School of Forest Resources

Taylor Carroll, Forterra

Dave Cook, Geoengineers

Nicole Faghin, Faghin Consulng

Keith Folkerts, Kitsap County Natural Resources Division

Abby Hook, Hook Knauer LLP

Peter Hummel, Anchor QEA

Mark Isaacson, King County Water & Land Resources Division

Gino Lusche, King County DNRP

Tom Murdoch, Adopt-A-Stream Foundaon

Susan O’neil, Puget Sound PartnershipDoug Osterman, Puget Sound Partnership

James Rasmussen, Duwamish River Cleanup Coalion

Elaine Somers, USEPA Region 10

Kari Sles, Puget Sound Instute

Jennifer Thomas, Parametrix

Chris Townsend, Puget Sound Partnership

RURAL + RESOURCE LANDS TAC CO-LEALauren Smith, King County Execuve’s Oce

Skip Swenson, Forterra

TAC PARTICIPANTSMelissa Campbell, PCC Farmland Trust

Ryan Dicks, Pierce County

Mary Embledon, Cascade Harvest Coalion

Leif Fixen, Snohomish Conservaon District

Joy Garitone, Kitsap Conservaon District

Brock Howell, Futurewise

Joe Kane, Nisqually Land Trust

Kirk Kirkland, Pierce County Open Space Taskforce

Joan Lee, King County Rural & Regional Services Seco

Bobbi Lindemulder, Snohomish Conservaon District

Doug McClelland, Washington State Department of

Natural Resources & Mountains to Sound GreenwayJay Mirro, King Conservaon District

Linda Neunzig, Snohomish County Agricultural Service

Rene Skaggs, Pierce Conservaon District

Sandra Staples-Bortne, Great Peninsula Conservancy

Dan Stonington, Northwest Natural Resource Group

APPENDIX C

Technical Advisory Commiee Members

RECREATION + TRAILS TAC CO-LEADSAmy Shumann, Public Health - Seale & King County

Jennifer Knauer, Hook Knauer LLC

TAC PARTICIPANTSDon Benson, URS Corporaon

Amy Brockhaus, Mountains to Sound Greenway

Kevin Brown, King County Parks Division

Karen Daubert, Washington Trails Associaon

Martha Droge, Naonal Park Service Pacic West Region

Jessica Emerson, King County DNRP

Robert Foxworthy, King County DNRP

Deborah Hinchey, UW School of Public Health

John Hoey, Trust for Public Land

Amalia Leighton, SVR Design

Ian Macek, Washington State Department of Transportaon

Josh Miller, Bicycle Alliance of Washington

Jane Moore, WA Coalion for Promong Physical Acvity

Thomas O’Keefe, American Whitewater

Dennis Oost, Kitsap County

Chris Overdorf, Elm

Lisa Quinn, Feet First

Kimberley Scrivner, Puget Sound Regional Council

Tom Teigen, Snohomish County Parks Director

Diane Wiatr, City of Tacoma

Don Willo, North Kitsap Trails Associaon

James Yap, Snohomish County Parks & Recreaon

URBAN + COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

TAC CO-LEADSBen Bakkenta, Puget Sound Regional Council

Joe Tovar, Inova Planning, Communicaons, & Design L

TAC PARTICIPANTSGordon Bradley, UW School of Envir. & Forest Resource

Vicky Clarke, Kitsap Regional Coordinang Council

Amalia Leighton, SVR Design

Dan Dewald, City of Bellevue

Leif Fixen, Snohomish Conservaon District

Eric Hanson, Port of Seale

Gwendolyn High, Washington Wildlife & Recreaon Co

John Hoey, Trust for Public Land

Mark Hoppen, Snohomish Health District

Mark Mead, City of Seale Department of Parks & Rec

Joshua Monaghan, King Conservaon District

Chip Nevins, City of Seale Parks Division

Rocky Piro, Puget Sound Regional Council

Andrea Pla-Dwyer, Seale Tilth

Lauren Smith, King County Execuve’s Oce

Sean Sykes, NAIOP Sustainable Development Commi

Chris Townsend, Puget Sound Partnership

Tim Trohimovich, Futurewise

Alison VanGorp, Forterra



A ROBUST,

CONNECTED,

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL

REGIONAL

OPEN SPACE

SYSTEM

P U G E T S O U N DR E G I O N A L O P E N S P A C E S T R A T E G Y

ROSS

ROSS Preliminary Comprehensive Strategy

Documents