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Supporting Green Energy – The Case of Germany Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG)
Ronny Kittler, German Biomass Research Center (DBFZ)
Introduction СОЮЗ БИОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ – www.sojus.dbfz.de
• supports cooperation between researchers
and companies from Germany, Eastern
Europe and Central Asia
• main topics are the sustainable integration of
bioenergy in already existing infrastructure
• about 250 partners
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Green Energy Policy Goals
The German “Energiewende”
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The German “Energiewende” Policy Goals
80-95% 60% 50%
Security of supply Covering Germany’s energy needs at all times
Covering Germany’s energy
needs at all times
Switching off the last nuclear power plants at the
end of 2022
Affordability,
competitiveness
Maintaining affordability of energy and ensuring
Germany’s competitiveness
Grid expansion Expanding and modernising grids to meet demand
Energy research, innovation Fostering forward-looking innovations for the
restructuring of the energy supply
Investment, growth,
employment
Retaining jobs in Germany and laying the
foundations for sustainable growth and quality of life
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The German “Energiewende” Policy Goals
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The German “Energiewende” Achievements
32% 192.3 Billion Euro
355.000 jobs 1.084 Million tonnes Icons by flaticon.com
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The German “Energiewende” Challenges
135.000 km 25.000
83% 9,9%
Icons by flaticon.com
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Green Energy Support
Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG)
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Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Basics
EEG
feed-in tariffs
20 years
guaranteed
priority feed-
in & grid
connection
rights
reallocation
of system
costs
(EEG
surcharge)
special
equalisation
scheme
annual
degression
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Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Development Renewable Electricity Generation
StromEinspG
01.01.1991
EEG 2000
01.01.2000
EEG 2004
01.01.2004
EEG 2009
01.01.2009
EEG 2012
01.01.2012
Source: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy Germany, AGEE-Stat, Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2015, data from the Working
Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat), as at February 2016
EEG 2014
01.08.2014
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Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Composition Gross Electricity Generation 2015
In 2015, renewable energy covered 32 % of gross electricity generation, compared to 25,8 % in 2014
Source: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy Germany, AGEE-Stat, Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2015, data from the Working
Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat), as at February 2016
In 2015, 155 billion kilowatt hours of heat production were based on renewables, biomass-based
resources being the main contributor with around 88%.
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Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Renewable Heat Generation 2015
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Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Develpoment of Electricity Prices
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Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Composition of Electricity Prices
Smart Bioenergy – Innovationen für eine nachhaltige Zukunft
Wir laden Sie ein!
Ansprechpartner
Prof. Dr. Michael Nelles
Daniel Mayer
Prof. Dr. Daniela Thrän
Dr. Jan Liebetrau
Dr. Volker Lenz
Dr. Franziska Müller-Langer
Dr. Ingo Hartmann
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Backup
• Priority connection
• Feed-in tariff for 20 years
• Degression 1%
• 500 kW, <5 MW, <20MW
• 250 new plants/ year
EEG 2000
• Substrate bonus system i.e. for energy crops & manure
• Technology bonus system for CHP, using heat
• Degression 1,5%
• 150 kW, 500 kW, <5 MW, <20MW
• 450 new plants/year
EEG 2004
• Bonus waste & residues
• Bonus biomethane upgrading
• Manure bonus (30%)
• Bonus for emission reduction
• Degression 1%
• 1000 new plants /year
EEG 2009
• New simpler bonus system
• New requirements on efficiency and ecology
• Incentives for flexibilisation & direct marketing
• New category <75kW
• Degression 2%
• 300 new plants/ year
EEG 2012 • Deletion of bonus
i.e. energy crops & manure
• Deletion of bonus biomethane upgrading
• Cap on Installation: 100 MW max
• New plants forced to direct marketing
• >50 plants/year
EEG 2014
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Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Focus Biogas
Source: Adapted from Biogas Association Germany, Dr. Stefan Rauh, 2014
• Guaranteed feed-in tariffs
EEG 2000 - 2014
• Tendering Model
• Subsequent funding for existing plants possible (10 years)
• Fixed expansion corridor for bioenergy (2017-2019 around 150 MW annually 2020-2022 around 200 MW annually)
• Further Regulations for flexibilisation/direct marketing
EEG 2016
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Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) System Change EEG 2016
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Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Development of Biomass-based Electricity Generation
Source: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy Germany, AGEE-Stat, Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2015, data from the Working
Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat), as at February 2016
Source: M. Scheftelowitz, D.Thrän (2016): Biomasse im EEG 2016 Hintergrundpapier zur Situation der Bestandsanlagen in den verschiedenen Bundesländern. Deutsches
Biomasseforschungszentrum DBFZ gGmbH. 26
Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Future of Bioenergy Infrastructure
• Renewable Energy Act (EEG) guarantees fixed tariffs for electricity production for a period of
20 years
• Operation of biogas plants without additional revenue streams not economic viable
0
1.000
2.000
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5.000
6.000
7.000
2000
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inst
alle
d el
ectr
ical
pow
er [
MW
] vegetable oil
paper industry
solid biomass - waste wood
solid biomass
biomethane
small-manure-biogas
waste biogas
biogas
Fodder production & bio-based oils
Phytoremediation/Phytomining & rare earths
Bio-based carboxylic acids from biogas fermentation