Era 1825- 1900 • 1828-1900 A.D. • “Romantic” – subjectivity, the expression of personal feelings, sentimentality, the occupation with nature, the interest in magic or fairy tale, intrigue into the supernatural, and a desire for freedom from limitations of conventional formal patterns and harmonic rules. • The Romantic period is basically characterized by its disregard of limitations and expansion of the Classical time period and forms
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Romantic Era 1825-1900 1828-1900 A.D. “Romantic” – subjectivity, the expression of personal feelings, sentimentality, the occupation with nature, the interest.
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Romantic Era 1825-1900• 1828-1900 A.D.
• “Romantic” – subjectivity, the expression of personal feelings, sentimentality, the occupation with nature, the interest in magic or fairy tale, intrigue into the supernatural, and a desire for freedom from limitations of conventional formal patterns and harmonic rules.
• The Romantic period is basically characterized by its disregard of limitations and expansion of the Classical time period and forms
• Duality – something having two parts• Romantic Dualities – the ability to have
opposites in a song– Words and Music• Equal partnership of words and music• Composers as the authors• Inclusion of vocal music in instrumental works• Program music
– Composer and Audience• Composed for specific performer(s) both commissioned
and uncommissioned
Romantic Era 1825-1900
• Composed for performances before a circle of friends• Composed for unknown performers, unknown future
audiences• Composed for personal expression without regard for
audience
– Individual and Crowd• Virtuoso composer-performer with or without
orchestra, accompaniment• Single performer in a solo recital• Conductor directing with baton, and standing between
audience and performers• Composers not recognized as performers
Romantic Era 1825-1900
– Professional and Amateur• Composer showing concern for amateur music making
in the home, community, in addition to writing works for own use
– Sacred and Secular• Inclusion of religious texts in secular works• Settings of religious texts not suitable for church service
– Urban and Rural• Composers living in urban centers, writing for urban
audiences, preoccupied with nature, composing program music of landscapes, seascapes, etc.
Romantic Era 1825-1900
– National and International• Inclusion of folk songs and folk dance elements of own
country and that of other countries• Expressions of patriotism, national senitment• Interest in Eastern exoticism
• Time Line– 1860: Unification of Italy – 1861-1865: American Civil War– 1861: Russia abolishes serfdom– 1870’s: Russo-Turkish War – weakens Ottoman
empire and Russia expands into Central Asia
Romantic Era 1825-1900
– 1870: Franco-Prussian War – unification of Prussia (Germany) under Kaiser Wilhelm I and Otto von Bismark
• Rise of nationalism – patriotism to one’s country
• Rise of imperialism – the expansion and conquest of major powers to colonize the Americas, Africa, and Far East
• Rise of socialism - the state controls economy for the needs of society
Romantic Era 1825-1900
Romantic Era 1825-1900
• Technology– 1877: Thomas Edison invents the phonograph– 1887: Gramophone invented– 1895: The first radio transmissions by the Marconi
Company
Romantic Era 1825-1900
• Johannes Brahms– 1833-1897– German composer, pianist– Composed music for piano, chamber music,
symphonies, overtures, concertos, choral works– Moved to Vienna, composed music and
concertized it to make a living– Most famous piece: Lullaby
Romantic Era 1825-1900
• Richard Wagner– 1813-1883– German composer– Mainly composed operas and dramas; also
composed orchestral pieces, chamber music, and choral songs
– Built his own ideal theater, meaning that he designed and built a theater to fit the needs of his operas
– Designed his own instrument for this songs, called the Wagner Tuba