Romania presentation px08 f5055

How can Entrepreneurship be taught in Higher Education. How can Entrepreneurship be taught in Higher Education.

Differentiated methods for Business and Non-Business StudiesDifferentiated methods for Business and Non-Business Studies..

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION-A PRIORITY FOR THE HIGHER ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION-A PRIORITY FOR THE HIGHER

EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSEDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

CReBUS- 2012CReBUS- 20128 - 9  OCTOBER 2012 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA8 - 9  OCTOBER 2012 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA

Nothando Moyo (Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus)Nothando Moyo (Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus)

OutlineOutline

IntroductionIntroduction

Literature ReviewLiterature Review

FindingsFindings

SuggestionsSuggestions

ConclusionConclusion

IntroductionIntroduction

Entrepreneurship refers to an individual’s ability to turn ideas into action and is therefore Entrepreneurship refers to an individual’s ability to turn ideas into action and is therefore

regarded as a key competence for allregarded as a key competence for all. . Entrepreneurship has always been regarded as something that people turn to when Entrepreneurship has always been regarded as something that people turn to when

they have failed in the job market after completing their education or when the they have failed in the job market after completing their education or when the

education itself holds no apparent valueeducation itself holds no apparent value To incorporate entrepreneurship in higher education is necessary to stimulate the To incorporate entrepreneurship in higher education is necessary to stimulate the

entrepreneurial mindset of young people, to encourage innovative business start-entrepreneurial mindset of young people, to encourage innovative business start-

ups, and foster a culture that is friendlier to entrepreneurshipups, and foster a culture that is friendlier to entrepreneurship IIt is acknowledged that the primary goal of entrepreneurship education at higher t is acknowledged that the primary goal of entrepreneurship education at higher

education level should be to develop entrepreneurial capacities and mindsetseducation level should be to develop entrepreneurial capacities and mindsets

Literature ReviewLiterature Review

Entrepreneurship and the EntrepreneurEntrepreneurship and the Entrepreneur

Entrepreneurship is defined by Kuratko (2003), as a dynamic process of vision, Entrepreneurship is defined by Kuratko (2003), as a dynamic process of vision, change and creation. It requires an application of energy and passion towards the change and creation. It requires an application of energy and passion towards the creation and implementation of new ideas and creative solutionscreation and implementation of new ideas and creative solutions

Entrepreneurship is the process by which individuals pursue opportunities without Entrepreneurship is the process by which individuals pursue opportunities without

regard to resources they currently control.regard to resources they currently control. Entrepreneurship is diverse; it is comprised of individual projects up to large scale Entrepreneurship is diverse; it is comprised of individual projects up to large scale

corporations however all these companies improve the statistics of employment in a corporations however all these companies improve the statistics of employment in a

countrycountry

Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education The European Union 2020 strategy has highlighted the need to embed creativity, The European Union 2020 strategy has highlighted the need to embed creativity,

innovation and entrepreneurship into education and they proposed a number of innovation and entrepreneurship into education and they proposed a number of actions to unleash entrepreneurial and innovative capabilities in the higher actions to unleash entrepreneurial and innovative capabilities in the higher education institutes in Europe (European commission, 2012). They listed some education institutes in Europe (European commission, 2012). They listed some objectives they felt should be reached through entrepreneurship education, these objectives they felt should be reached through entrepreneurship education, these being:being:

-- Improvement of the entrepreneurship mindset of young people to enable them to be Improvement of the entrepreneurship mindset of young people to enable them to be more creative and self confident in whatever they undertake and to improve their more creative and self confident in whatever they undertake and to improve their attractiveness to employers.attractiveness to employers.

-- To encourage innovative business start- upsTo encourage innovative business start- ups- Improvement of their role in society and the economy.Improvement of their role in society and the economy.

The entrepreneurship key competence being identified as a composition of an The entrepreneurship key competence being identified as a composition of an entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial skills and knowledge of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial skills and knowledge of entrepreneurship, and this places entrepreneurship education at a pivotal role as it is at this point that and this places entrepreneurship education at a pivotal role as it is at this point that

the key competences are meant to be realizedthe key competences are meant to be realized

Entrepreneurship education means developing a culture through, for and about Entrepreneurship education means developing a culture through, for and about entrepreneurship. Such competences are best acquired through people led enquiry entrepreneurship. Such competences are best acquired through people led enquiry

and discoverand discoveryy that enables students to turn ideas into action that enables students to turn ideas into action IIt is really hard to change the education curriculum yet it is widely accepted that t is really hard to change the education curriculum yet it is widely accepted that

effective entrepreneurship education must be built around real world experiences, effective entrepreneurship education must be built around real world experiences,

not textbooksnot textbooks TTeachers rarely have entrepreneurship experience, or the right mindset. As such it eachers rarely have entrepreneurship experience, or the right mindset. As such it

becomes an interesting phenomenon as to how one can effectively teach something becomes an interesting phenomenon as to how one can effectively teach something they have no experience about, to foster the right mindset of entrepreneurship to the they have no experience about, to foster the right mindset of entrepreneurship to the

students when they do not possess it themselvesstudents when they do not possess it themselves Traditionally, the education system has inhibited the development of Traditionally, the education system has inhibited the development of

entrepreneurial qualities because it taught young people to obey, reproduce facts entrepreneurial qualities because it taught young people to obey, reproduce facts and to engage in wage employment after finishing their education. In contrast, and to engage in wage employment after finishing their education. In contrast, entrepreneurs tend to rely on their own judgment, learn through the process of trial entrepreneurs tend to rely on their own judgment, learn through the process of trial

and error and create and facilitate their own job environmentand error and create and facilitate their own job environment

Entrepreneurship Education with TechnologyEntrepreneurship Education with Technology

Education without the use of technology in the current technological that the world Education without the use of technology in the current technological that the world has evolved into would be a blatant attempt of ignoring the importance of has evolved into would be a blatant attempt of ignoring the importance of

technology today.technology today. EEntrepreneurship education should involve technology use as seen from the ntrepreneurship education should involve technology use as seen from the

introduction of using second lifeintroduction of using second life Entrepreneurship education is a recipe in need of a vital ingredient, the ingredient Entrepreneurship education is a recipe in need of a vital ingredient, the ingredient

being technology. Technology based innovation is acknowledged as being a key being technology. Technology based innovation is acknowledged as being a key growth driver in the global economy therefore as entrepreneurship education is growth driver in the global economy therefore as entrepreneurship education is having significant positive impact on individual students, the university having significant positive impact on individual students, the university environment and society then entrepreneurship education opportunities should environment and society then entrepreneurship education opportunities should spread across institutions including science and technology departments (Byers, spread across institutions including science and technology departments (Byers, 2000).2000).

The Entrepreneurship TeacherThe Entrepreneurship Teacher The development of entrepreneurial mindsets is a burden that lies on the teacher, The development of entrepreneurial mindsets is a burden that lies on the teacher,

and as their role is central they need to be equipped with the right skills, knowledge and as their role is central they need to be equipped with the right skills, knowledge and attitudes to be able to provide their students with the new curricular, and attitudes to be able to provide their students with the new curricular, pedagogies and learning environments that they will need if they are to acquire pedagogies and learning environments that they will need if they are to acquire

entrepreneurial competencesentrepreneurial competences Teachers Teachers feel educational and school cultures do not fully support them in fostering feel educational and school cultures do not fully support them in fostering

creative and innovative approaches to learning: this requires time to explore new creative and innovative approaches to learning: this requires time to explore new approaches and a culture that encourages experimentation and allows for failure approaches and a culture that encourages experimentation and allows for failure and all this in short is what they said embodies an entrepreneurship experience in and all this in short is what they said embodies an entrepreneurship experience in the education system for the students.the education system for the students.

The entrepreneurship teachers are required to be flexible and to push boundaries The entrepreneurship teachers are required to be flexible and to push boundaries with respect to established norms within education although still abiding by the with respect to established norms within education although still abiding by the

rules and regulations of their institutions (Curth, 2011)rules and regulations of their institutions (Curth, 2011)

FindingsFindings

The importance of entrepreneurship education is being acknowledged worldwide with various The importance of entrepreneurship education is being acknowledged worldwide with various amounts of research being carried out on the best and most effective ways in which amounts of research being carried out on the best and most effective ways in which

entrepreneurship may be taughtentrepreneurship may be taught The teaching methods are both creative and innovative meaning that teachers are recognizing The teaching methods are both creative and innovative meaning that teachers are recognizing

the fact that traditional teaching methods alone will not do justice to entrepreneurship the fact that traditional teaching methods alone will not do justice to entrepreneurship education.education.

The teacher is basically the one responsible in ensuring that the entrepreneurship education The teacher is basically the one responsible in ensuring that the entrepreneurship education being matted out is relevant and beneficial to the student. Thus the burden falls upon them to being matted out is relevant and beneficial to the student. Thus the burden falls upon them to come up with various ways to foster motivation and the entrepreneurship mindset in their come up with various ways to foster motivation and the entrepreneurship mindset in their

studentsstudents IIt was observed that only in developed countries, is there mention of institutions using t was observed that only in developed countries, is there mention of institutions using

technology frequently in entrepreneurship education, especially on the aspect of virtual technology frequently in entrepreneurship education, especially on the aspect of virtual learning in the form of second life and so onlearning in the form of second life and so on

EEntrepreneurship education is basically biased towards the Business Studies ntrepreneurship education is basically biased towards the Business Studies curriculum, very little has been said or done to incorporate the students in the non-curriculum, very little has been said or done to incorporate the students in the non-

business studies side of the education systembusiness studies side of the education system

SuggestionsSuggestions

Higher education institutions need to get actively involved in entrepreneurship educationHigher education institutions need to get actively involved in entrepreneurship education

Entrepreneurship education tools should not be left at the sole discretion of the teacher, Entrepreneurship education tools should not be left at the sole discretion of the teacher, making it their burden to approach existing entrepreneurs, should they wish to have them making it their burden to approach existing entrepreneurs, should they wish to have them

come in as guest lecturers or when arranging for site visitscome in as guest lecturers or when arranging for site visits If the higher education institutions took the time to form coalitions with entrepreneurship If the higher education institutions took the time to form coalitions with entrepreneurship

groups and organizations they could establish long-term working relationships at the same groups and organizations they could establish long-term working relationships at the same time it would become easier for correspondence to take place between entrepreneurs and the time it would become easier for correspondence to take place between entrepreneurs and the

studentsstudents Higher education institutions should invest in technology that can be used for Higher education institutions should invest in technology that can be used for

entrepreneurship education, in the same manner in which technology is invested for courses to entrepreneurship education, in the same manner in which technology is invested for courses to

do with information technologydo with information technology Higher education institutions should consider offering entrepreneurship education Higher education institutions should consider offering entrepreneurship education

as part of the pre-requisite courses done by all students in all departmentsas part of the pre-requisite courses done by all students in all departments HHigher education institutions igher education institutions should should approach entrepreneurs that can volunteer approach entrepreneurs that can volunteer

their guest lecturing services for the long term as the challenge often encountered is their guest lecturing services for the long term as the challenge often encountered is

that of continuitythat of continuity It is important for the institution and the teacher to work hand in glove in coming It is important for the institution and the teacher to work hand in glove in coming

up with a curriculum suitable for entrepreneurship educationup with a curriculum suitable for entrepreneurship education

ConclusionConclusion It is essential that a strong entrepreneurship foundation be established among It is essential that a strong entrepreneurship foundation be established among

individuals especially through the education system as this would ensure higher individuals especially through the education system as this would ensure higher entrepreneurial success rates in the long term, and this success equally spells for entrepreneurial success rates in the long term, and this success equally spells for economic growtheconomic growth,,

The curriculum needs to be adapted to suit entrepreneurship more than The curriculum needs to be adapted to suit entrepreneurship more than management or business studies courses. With the teachers and the institutions management or business studies courses. With the teachers and the institutions working closely together, the way in which entrepreneurship education is working closely together, the way in which entrepreneurship education is

conducted will definitely improveconducted will definitely improve HHigher education institutions teaching entrepreneurship should strive to include igher education institutions teaching entrepreneurship should strive to include

technology use in their curriculum as the exposure would benefit both the technology use in their curriculum as the exposure would benefit both the institution and the students in the long runinstitution and the students in the long run

EEntrepreneurship education should be granted to all students that register at a ntrepreneurship education should be granted to all students that register at a higher education institution regardless of the course they are taking or which higher education institution regardless of the course they are taking or which

faculty they may fall underfaculty they may fall under

Thank You.Thank You.