Role of “Waste to Energy” Technology in a Sustainable Waste Management Approach

Role of “Waste to Energy” Technology in a Sustainable Waste Management Approach

Workshop: Waste Management in Gurgaon 10.07.2013

Agenda

Introduction

Waste to Energy

Hitachi Zosen

Role of «Waste to Energy» in an Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Approach

Recommendations

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Introduction

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Definintion of Waste to Energy

Waste to Energy (WtE) or Energy from Waste (EfW) is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the incineration of waste.

Source:

wikipedia.org

Waste to Energy is an Incineration process in which solid waste is converted into thermal energy to generate steam that drives turbines for electricity generators.

Source: businessdictionary.com

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Waste Treatment Technologies

Category Method Technology

Landfill

Mechanical Biological Treatment Recycling

Composting

Anaerobic Digestion

Thermal Treatment Combustion Grate

Fluid Bed

Rotary Kiln

Pyrolysis

Gasification

Plasma

Autoclaving

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Grate Combustion (Massburn)

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First Waste Fire in Cleveland (UK) on 8. July 2013, 2:15 PM

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Waste to Energy Technology

Delivery

Weighting Station

Sliding Gates to Stop Odors

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Waste to Energy Technology

Waste Pit

Waste Storage

Waste Cranes to Mix Waste

Fire-Extinguishing System

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Waste to Energy Technology

Fu

rnac

e

Feed Hopper

Grate

Ram Feeder

Primary Air

Secondary Air

Bottom Ash Extractor

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Waste to Energy Technology

Boiler

Steam Production

Water / Steam System

Electricity Production

Districting Heating / Pocess Steam

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Waste to Energy Technology

Flue Gas Treatment

Electrostatic Precipitator

«Reactor»

Fabric Filter

Scrubber

ID Fan / Stack

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1 2 3 4 5 Service Provider (e.g. maintenance, revisions, operation)

Components Provider (e.g. combustion, boiler, FGT components)

General Contractor for turnkey plants without civil works

General Contractor for turnkey plants with civil works

System Provider (e.g. combustion system, FGT system)

The Role of Hitachi Zosen

Hitachi Zosen is a Technology Provider not a Developer

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75 Years Experience In Building Waste to Energy Plants

1823Ludwig von Roll founded„Company of Ludwig vonRoll‘s Ironworks“

1937 / 39Construction of first waste treatment plant in Dordrecht,Netherlands

2010December 20th Von Roll Inovabecame a company ofHitachi Zosen Corporation

1933Establishment of „L. von Roll Aktiengesellschaftfür kommunale Anlagen“(today Hitachi Zosen Inova)

1960Beginning of long-term license partnership betweenVon Roll and Hitachi Zosen Corporation

XIV SIMAI São Paulo 06. Novembro 2012 - Roland P. Greil

In April 2012 Hitachi Zosen India opened its Hyderabad-based branch office, which is solely dedicated to provide WTE solutions for the Indian market.

Americas 24

Europe 237

South Africa 2

Asia 214

Australia 3

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Hitachi Zosen’s Global Reference Projects

24237

214

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14

Global 480

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Hitachi Zosen’s Global Reference Projects

480

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WTE Plant Rural Integrated Infrastructure

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EfW-Plant, Hinwil, Switzerland

Throughput flue gas per years

• 2 x 87,500 Nm3/h (nom.)

• 2 x 120,000 Nm3/h (max.)

WTE Plant – Urban Integrated Infrastructure

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EfW-Plant, Issy-les-Moulinaux (Paris), France

•Throughput per day 1260 t/d

•Thermal capacity 2 x 85.1 MW

WTE Plant Riverside – High Efficiency For Large Cities

Lines 3

Waste throughput per line: 31.8 t/h

Thermal power of waste: 238.5 MW

Electrical power gross: 73 MW

Electrical power net: 65 MW

Electrical Efficiency net: 27.3 %(net = excluding power to run plant)

Emissions safely comply with Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EG)

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Gasification

Oxidation Flue Gas Cleaning

WSC Generator

Waste

ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger

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Xiamen, China

l Waste incineration plant with two incineration lines for the city of Xiamen known as „Garden on the Sea“

l State-of-the-art furnace, flue gas cleaning, metal separation

l Hitachi Zosen Inova responsible for overall process design, grate, boiler, semi dry reactor and bag filter, detail design, supply of key components, erection and commissioning supervision

Client Xiamen Environment &Sanitation ComprehensiveProcess Plan

Start-up 2006

TechnologyFurnace Grate furnaceEnergy recovery 4-pass boiler, turbineFlue gas treatment Semi dry processResidue treatment Metal separation of slag

Technical DataFuel Municipal wasteWaste capacity 144,000 t/a (2 x 9 t/h)Net calorific value 1400 Kcal/kgThermal capacity 29.4 MWSteam 31.8 t/h (40 bar, 400°C)

Key Data

Role of Waste to Energy in an Integrated Solid Waste Management Approach

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Integrated Sustainable Waste Management

Prevention

Reduction

Recycling

Recovery

Disposal

While the priority clearly is on prevention, reduction and recycling of waste, there will always be remaining waste quantities that must be disposed somehow.

«Zero Waste» is not Possible

Zero Waste is mainly an academic term only

There are unlimited costs involved when MSW has to be processed such, that 100% can be reused and recycled.

There is not a single municipality in the world, which has successfully introduced a waste management system with «Zero Waste»

It took the US 40 years to reach a recycling rate of 38%

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Zero Waste = Zero Success

Why to Incinerate Waste?

Less landfill space required

Have chemically stable resdidues only

Thermal Utilization of Energy Content

Reduction of green house gas emissions

Material Utilization

Reduce transportation distances

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Many industralized countries ban MSW landfills

Strengths and Weaknesses of WTE

Strengths Weaknesses

• No pretreatment required

• Proven / high availability

• Commercially available

• Energy recovery

• High volume reduction

• Transportation costs lower than for landfill

•High Capital Costs

•Residue Disposal

•Expert knowhow required to assure “safe” emissions

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WTE – State of the Art Technology

25ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger

EfW-Plant, Dordrecht, Netherlands1937

EfW-Plant, Riverside, London, UK2011

Mercedes-Benz 540 K Spezial Roadster1937

Mercedes-Benz SLK 55 AMG2011

WTE Emissions – From A Dark Yesterday To A Bright Today

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Source: Federal Office for the Environment (BAFU) of Switzerland

Dioxins and Furans Mercury

Chorides Cadmium

Traffic Domestic Industry WtE

ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger

Emissions to the Atmosphere in Switzerland

International Situation

900 WTE plants in operation worldwide (110 in China, 1 in India)

The best integrated waste management systems around the world, always use a combination of recycling and Waste to Energy to achieve less than 1% of waste landfilling

Countries with the highest incineration rates, are at the same time those countries with the highest living standards and the longest live expectations

Countries with the highest incineration rates, are at the same time those countries with the highest recycling rates

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Waste Management Europe 2010

Landfilled

Recycled

EfW

Data by Eurostat

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Example Mallorca Island (Spain)Recycling and Incineration go Hand in Hand

Components

Sewage sludge – solar drying

Packaging facility for recycling plastic

Methanization facility

Visitor center

Energy-from-Waste facility

The Indispensable Approach to Sustainable Waste Management

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Waste to Energy is one of the most robust and effective alternative options for reducing green house gas emissions

WTE generation replaces 7-38 million tons of fossil fuels (equaling 19-37 million tons of CO2) in Europe

114 million tons of CO2 equivalents could potentially be avoided by 2020 in EU-27 by avoiding landfill of untreated waste

WTE plants supply 13 million EU households with electricity and 12 million with heat

Source: Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy plants (cewep.eu)

Situation in India

«Our extensive research has shown conclusively that after all possible recycling and combosting are done, the only two alternatives for dealing with the post-recycling municipal solid waste are combustion with energy recovery and landfilling.»

«A future without landfills is not possible without Waste to Energy»

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Official Response to BBMP Bangalore Expert / Technical Comittee Recommendations by

Waste to Energy Research and Technolgoy Council – India (WTERT)National Environmental Engineering Research Institiute (NEERI)

Earth Engineering Center (EEC), Columbia University USA

The National Bio-Energy Board (NBB) of the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) has developed the “National Master Plan of India for Development of Waste-to-Energy Projects” with a clear recommendation to provide special loans for Waste-to-Energy projects.

Recommendations

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Waste Cycle

Consuming

Waste Disposal

Energy Recovery

LandfillRaw Materials

Power Generation

Manufacturing

Distribution

Waste Transport

Ideal Waste Management Setup according to Hitachi Zosen

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Separate Collection

of Recyclables

UtilizationLandfill

with final disposal quality

Incineration

with Recuperation of Residues

Municipal Waste

Infrastructure Development of a Typical Society

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Recommendations are a Matter of Priorities

Identify basic requirements

Identify and integrate all stakeholders from the beginning

Plan longterm (develop a vision)

Identify the most urgent problems

Assign priorities along the Waste Cycle

Address different problems separately (there is never a single solution)

Keep it simple and realistic but in line with the vision

Do not select exotic solutions

Get familiar with «Lessons Learned» from other countries

Try to work with experts only (with proper experience)

Try to utilize the forces of the free market economy in as many areas as possible

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Is Waste to Energy a Solution for your Municipality?

If reduction of landfilling is a priority, because of…

Negative Impact on Local population

Contribution to Climate Change

Because Energy content of remaining waste should be of higher priority

There is simply not more space for new landfills (!)

If the frame conditions are such that a WTE project might become financially viable

Municipality is willing to pay «reasonable» Gate Fees for disposal

«and/or» electricity sales price is attractive

«and/or» financial support is available for the developer

Capital Requirement of approx. INR 10 cr / MW

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LoCal 580 - WTE Concept for Low Calorific Waste

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Goal and design Values of Local 580

Goal

Develop EfW plant for

Markets with low calorific value (Asia, South America)

High efficiency

Production of electricity

Standardised basic design

Supplied by local office of HZI

Consider local supplies and local services as far as possible

Design

580 tons per day(not pre-treated municipal solid waste)

Gross power output = 8.0 MWel

Plant in operation without use of auxiliary fuel

Conclusions

There will always be a remaining amount of waste that must be disposed somehow

A sustainable waste mangement system does include incineration as an important factor to reduce the overall impact on the environment.

Indian municipalities must set priorities, whereas WTE currently will not be the highest, unless scarcity of land for new landfills is the dominating factor

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Thank you very much

www.hz-india.com

Linkedin – Hitachi Zosen India Pvt. Ltd.