Role-Internationational-Organisation-Parliamentary-Days-2017

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS IN FOSTERING

BETTER RULES OF GLOBALISATION

Rolf Alter, Director, Public Governance and Territorial Development, OECD5th OECD Parliamentary Days10 February 2017

A joint undertaking of the OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development and the Legal Directorates

Better international rules of the game for a globalisation that benefits all

Corruption

Tax fraud

Poverty

Epidemics

Migration

Illiteracy

Hunger

Terrorism

Integrity

Transparency

Prosperity

Health

Integration

Education

Food safety

Security

The diversity of organisations involved (inter-governmental, private and increasingly trans-governmental) in setting international rules

Intergovern

mental

organ

isatio

ns

Private

standard

-setters

Trans-govern

mental netw

orks of re

gulators

Supra-natio

nal institu

tions

05

10152025303540 35

59

1

APEC, CARI-COM, COMESA, ESCWA, FAO, IAEA, IMF, IMO, ITU, OIE, OIF, OIML, OPCW, OTIF, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNODC, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO/OMCNATO, OAS, OIV, OSCE, OECD, UNECE, BRS, CBD, CITES, OZONE ASTM International,

IATA, IEC, IFAC, ISO

AHWP, IAF, IAIS, ICN, ILAC, IMDRF, IOSCO, PIC/s, SAICM

European Commission

Source: OECD Survey of International Organisations, 2015.

Exchange of information and

experience

Data collection

Research and policy analysis

Discussion of good regulatory practice

Development of rules, standards,

guidance

Negotiation of international agreements

Enforcement, imposition of

sanctions

Dispute settlement

Crisis management

Despite diversity, international organisations have similar focus on development of rules rather than on enforcement and implementation

Frequent activities for all IOs

Unc

omm

on fo

r IO

s

Source: OECD Survey of International Organisations, 2015.

OECD Anti-Bribery ConventionOECD Recommendation of the Council on Gender Equality in Public Life

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

Codex Alimentarius (FAO, WHO)

UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters

IMO International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships

ISO Standards on design, production, installation and servicing  Safety of Medical Devices

Examples of international norms

The nature of international rules of the game: soft law rather than binding agreements

Source: OECD Survey of International Organisations, 2015.

Non-binding guidance/best practices document

Recommendation

Political declaration

Technical standards

Legally binding decision

Treaty for ratification by states

Model treaty or law

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

47

43

29

23

21

19

16

Maj

ority

of

IOs

adop

t s

oft l

aw

inst

rum

ents

Less

IOs

adop

t mor

e bi

ndin

g in

stru

men

ts

Implementation of international norms is mostly done through voluntary peer reviews

Source: OECD Survey of International Organisations, 2015.

Mandatory peer review of individual members

Dispute settlement procedure

Sanctions

Positive incentives for implementation

Voluntary peer review of individual members

Benchmarking progress of individual members

0 10 20 30 40 50

8

2

4

10

18

19

6

13

12

12

12

13

36

35

34

28

20

18

Yes Occasionally Never

The stronger the mechanism to encourage implementation…

… the less it is done by international organisations

International organisations increasingly engage stakeholders in rule-making, through ad hoc invitations and formal status. Diversity remains across and within.

Source: OECD Survey of International Organisations, 2015.

Opportunity for the general public to comment on pro-

posed actions

Opportunity for stakeholder groups to comment on

proposed actions

0 10 20 30 40 50

13

37

10

10

27

3

Yes Occasionally Never

Stakeholder advisory committee

Official status for Stakeholder groups within the organisation

Invitations to stakeholder groups to participate in rule-making process

0 5 101520253035404550

19

26

37

13

9

7

18

15

6

Yes Occasionally Never

Growing tendency to evaluate use of international rules, but difficulties remain on estimating their impacts

Ex post evaluation of implementation and impacts

Review of the overall stock of regulatory norms in the organisation

Ex ante regulatory impact assessment

11

7

8

9

13

15

17

17

19

Yes Occasionally Never

Source: OECD Survey of International Organisations, 2015.

Cooperation among international organisations is frequent… but relies mostly on exchange of information

Source: OECD Survey of International Organisations, 2015.

Develop joint instruments

Participate in co-ordinating institution

MOU or other agreement

Joint meetings that provide forums for co-ordination

Observe relevant actions of other bodies

Exchange information

0 5 101520253035404550

12

28

29

37

42

45

26

15

14

11

6

4

12

7

7

2

2

1

Yes Occasionally Never

Observation

Co-ordination

2014-2016: Reflecting on

common challenges to international rule-making

• Informal platform of international organisations hosted by OECD

• Survey of 50 IOs and report• 7 Case studies: FAO, IMO, ISO, OECD, OIML, UNECE,

WHO

2017-beyond: Towards a

Partnership of IOs on

Excellence in International Rule-Making

• A partnership of IOs underpinning peer dialogue and learning

• Focusing on: 1) strengthening implementation of IO instruments; 2) ensuring efficient stakeholder engagement; 3) developing a culture of evaluation of IO instruments; and 4) maximising the opportunities for co-ordination across IOs

Towards a Partnership of IOs on Excellence in International Rule-Making

Why? To provide domestic regulators and legislators greater confidence that international rules can help them achieve their domestic mandate

Background information:Our work on the role of international organisations in fostering international regulatory co-operation: www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/international-organisations-and-role-in-irc.htm Contacts:[email protected]@oecd.org

Thank you