Rohypnol & GHB

Rohypnol & GHB

Rohypnol & GHBBrianna GalvanAlyssa HingleyTommy Marcelletti Kayla SanchezPeriod 5, Table 6

What is Rohypnol???Rohypnol, a trade name for the drug Flunitrazepam, is a central nervous system depressant. The drug is legally manufactured and available outside the United States but is neither manufactured nor approved for sale within the United States. Since the 1990s individuals in the United States have used Rohypnol illegally, often as a means of mitigating the depression that results from using stimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine. Rohypnol also has been used in the commission of sexual assaults.

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What do I do with this?Most commonly usedas a date-rape drug. It isalso often usedby high school students, college students, street gang members, rave party attendees, and heroin and cocaine abusers (to produce profound intoxication, boost the high of heroin, and modulate the effects of cocaine.)Consumed orally. Itis often combined with alcohol. It is alsoabused by crushing tablets and snorting the powder.

How many teens use it? Less than 2% of the teen population has tried roofies. But it has been increasing since 2002.

Addictive you say?Yes. Rohypnol can cause physical dependence. Withdrawal symptoms include headache, muscle pain, confusion, hallucinations and convulsions. Seizures may occur up to a week after cessation of use.Initial Effects! Oh-oh 15-30 minutes after intake and include impaired memory and judgment, drowsiness, loss of fine motor skills, dizziness, and confusion. The victim may feel intoxicated. Eventually the victim may lose consciousness thus becoming vulnerable to attack. The effects reach their peak within 1 to 2 hours after intake and continue for an average of 8 to 10 hours. At higher doses and when combined with other drugs the effects may persist for 24 hours.

Other Effects on BodyThe drug typically works on the body for up to eighteen hours (sometimes longer). During that time, a user will feel drowsy, disoriented, and even lose consciousness. Most people will suffer from a form of amnesia that prohibits memory formation for as long as the drug is in their system. Too much Rohypnol can lead to overdose.

Effects on Mind.. Ay Dios!Among the immediate effects oftaking Rohypnol are feelings of intoxication, muscle relaxation, and drowsiness. Users under the influence may exhibit slurred speech, impaired judgment, and difficulty in walking. The drug causes intergrades amnesia, whereby individuals are unable to remember events they experienced while under its effects.

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Dangers! Ahhh Some of the most severe and instantaneous dangers of Rohypnol are caused by its intoxicating and sedating effects. People who use Rohypnol with other depressant drugs may find themselves more stoned and drunk than they had previously intended.They may not be able to think clearly or keep themselves out of danger.If they were to lose consciousness, they could vomit and choke.Rohypnol can become a partner in crime if it is dissolved in someones drink.Victims who have had Rohypnol dissolved in their drink wake up without any recollection of what happened.Operating machinery while under the influence of Rohypnol is dangerous because it increases the risk of injury to yourself or others.

Long Term Effects. Oh no no no no no!Can produce physical and psychological dependence. Causes anterograde amnesia, memory loss, while under the influence of it. Can experience seizures weeks after the drug has been taken.Risks to the Brain!. NOOO!!! Rohypnol influences behavior by interacting with receptors on neurons in the brain that use a neurotransmitter called GABA. When GABA binds to receptors, it usually inhibits a neuron and acts to decrease neuronal activity. When benzodiazepines attach to GABA receptors, they increase GABA binding to other receptors. With this, benzodiazepines improve the effects of GABA and reduce brain activity.

Umm..what is GHB?A central nervous system depressant. It is a date rape drug that is used especially at bars, parties, and raves.

Common Street Names"G" Gamma-OHLiquid E FantasyGeorgia Home Boy Grievous Bodily HarmLiquid X Liquid Ecstasy ScoopWaterEverclearGreat Hormones at Bedtime GBH Soap Easy LaySalty Water G-Riffick Cherry MethOrganic Quaalude, Jib.How is it Used?GHB is a clear liquid and can be mistaken for water because it is usually found in awater bottleor even Gatorade bottles, which contains several doses. One quick taste, and you'll know it's not water. Not as common, but also found as a white powder.

How many teens use it?GHB is becoming increasingly popular on college campuses and at raves even though it can trigger potentially fatal comas. The federal Drug Abuse Warning Network reports that GHB is appearing most often in Atlanta, Dallas, Denver, New Orleans and San Francisco. Of the GHB users who showed up in emergency rooms in 1999, 56% said they had used the drug with alcohol; 15% had used it with Ecstasy.

Addictive you say?GHB can be physically addictive and may result in psychological addiction. Physical dependence develops when GHB is taken on a regular basis (i.e., every 24 hours for multiple consecutive days or weeks). Withdrawal effects may include insomnia, restlessness, anxiety, tremors, sweating, loss of appetite, edginess, tachycardia, chest pain and tightness, muscle and bone aches, sensitivity to external stimuli (sound, light, touch), dysphoria, and mental dullness. These side-effects will subside after 2 21 days, depending on frequency of usage and the size of the doses used. In particularly severe cases, withdrawal from GHB may cause symptoms similar to acute withdrawal from alcohol or barbiturates (delirium tremens) and can cause convulsions and hallucinations.

Intoxicationincreased energyHappinessTalkingdesire to socializefeeling affectionate and playfulmild disinhibitionSensualityenhanced sexual experiencemuscle relaxation loss of coordination due to loss of muscle tone possible nausea difficulty concentrating lloss of gag reflex.Initial effects??Usually within 15 minutes of taking GHB the user experiences an initial feeling of euphoria and relaxation. The immediate effects may last up to 3 hours depending on dosage. However after the initial feeling some negative effects can occur which include:nausea, dizziness and drowsiness visual disturbances increased confidence increased sociability enhancement of senses, especially touch.

Other Effects on Body??GHB is used to obtain a euphoric, sedated state of being. The feeling of relaxation and calmness are felt with a low to moderate dose and is experienced 10 minutes to an hour after ingestionNegative effects can occur with too large a dose.People experience nausea, drowsiness, respiratory distress, dizziness, seizures and amnesia. Poisonings and deaths resulting from ingestion of the drug have been well documented. Overdoses often occur because the withdrawal effects, including sweating, insomnia, muscular cramping, tremors and anxiety, cause individuals to take more GHB in a shorter period of time, not waiting for the previous dose to metabolize out of the body.

The most important part of youEffects on mindRisks to Brain GHB's brain effects makes it a popular club drug and is now very prevalent with college students. It causes inebriation and a extreme sense of euphoria. It can cause loss of inhibition as well and is said to improve sexual pleasure.GHB has brain effects similar to date rape drugs. GHB brain effects can put a potential victim into a vulnerable position. It can also cause a loss of memory. It works on the brain by manipulating the amount of dopamine; at first, it inhibits the amount that gets released. After awhile though, it causes an overproduction of dopamine, in the blood as well as the rest of the bodyOne reason why GHB brain effects are so strong is that GHB can pass through the blood brain barrier, a virtual wall that blocks most ingested chemicals from entering and interacting with the brain. Being able to pass seamlessly pass through this barrier gives GHB it's potency.

GHB has been found to impair spatial and working learning and memory in rats with chronic administration.

These effects are associated with decreased NMDA receptor expression in the cerebral cortex and along with other areas.Dangers? AhhhGHB is just as dangerous, if not more, than steroid or cocaine. Some dangers of GHB abuse, including overdose, addiction, sexual assault, and death.

Long Term EffectsAs the dose of Rohypnol increases, the sedative effects may result in sleep, coma or death. Other long term effects include difficulty thinking, hallucinations, slurred speech, headaches and amnesia.

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References http://www.camh.net/About_Addiction_Mental_Health/Drug_and_Addiction_Information/rohypnol_dyk.htmlhttp://www.clubdrugs-ghb.com/http://www.projectghb.org/2008/http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/roof.htmlhttp://www.drugfree.org/Portal/drug_guide/Rohypnolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acidhttp://www.drugfree.org/Portal/drug_guide/GHBhttp://www.uhs.uga.edu/aod/rohypnol.html