ROCKS. Dynamic Earth What are Rocks? What is the Rock Cycle?

ROCKS

ROCKS

Dynamic Earth

What are Rocks?

What is the Rock Cycle?

DO NOW

SWBAT describe and explain the rock cycle

Enter silently

Grab Materials

Begin Do Now

1. Draw a circle around the word “Rocks”. Around the circle write down everything you already know about rocks.

Rocks

NOTEBOOKS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFVTDUh45Tc

While watching the video consider:

Why is studying the Earth is important?

Rocks give us a clue about Earth’s History

We should understand where we live

Could help us understand how other planets are

WHAT ARE ROCKS? Definition: Naturally formed solid that is usually made up of one or more types of minerals

Picture:

Example: (Rocks) Igneous- “fire formed”Sedimentary- “layers”Metamorphic- “changed”

Non-Example (minerals)QuartzCalcite Muscovite

DYNAMIC EARTH 1. Earth is not static- It’s moving and shifting around all the

time

2. Plate tectonics- plates constantly shifting on the mantle

3. Erosion and weathering

4. Volcanism- building new land

All of these contribute to the rock cycle

and the creation of rocks

OLD CONTINENTS, YOUNG OCEANS

ROCK CYCLE

Observations:

1. What do you see?

Inferences:

1. What can rocks change into?

2. How do they change?

CREATE YOUR FOLDABLE

Title: Rock Cycle Flap 1: Heat, Pressure, and Cooling Flap 2: Weathering Flap 3: Erosion Flap 4: Compacting Flap 5: Cementing

HEAT AND PRESSURE When molten rock cools on the surface of the crust or below it in the mantle, igneous rock can form

With heat and pressure an igneous rock or sedimentary rock is changed into a metamorphic rock

WEATHERING

The breaking down of rocks through wind, water, or chemical reactions.

EROSION The movement of sediment by wind, water, ice, or gravity.

Agents of erosion

Wind Water Icegravity

COMPACTING Squeezes layers of rocks and sediment together

CEMENTING

Glues sediments together by clay, or by minerals like silica or calcite

EXIT TICKET

1.

2.

3.

DO NOW (IGNEOUS) SWBAT describe igneous rock as extrusive or intrusive by how they form and texture/grain sizes

1. What are the three types of rocks?

2. Open your notebook to yesterday’s note page.

How does igneous rock

form?

EARTH’S CRUST IS MADE UP OF ROCKS!

Entire Crust

95% igneous/Metamorphic

5% Sedimentary

75%

25%

Surface of Crust

Sedimentary Igneous and Metamorphic

1.Observations?2.Which rock type

is common within the crust?

3.Which rock type is common on the crust’s surface?

CREATE YOUR FOLDABLE

Title the page in your notebook:

Types of Rocks

IGNEOUS ROCK1. The term igneous comes from the Latin ignis, meaning "fire".

2. Igneous is used to describe rocks that crystallize out of hot molten material.

3. When magma pushes up through Earth's crust to the surface, it is called lava.

4. Both magma and lava cool and harden to form igneous rocks.

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Form when molten rock cools and becomes solid. Can form within the Earth of on the surface.

Magma and lava form different types of igneous rocks

1.Intrusive igneous rock- Formed when magma cools within the Earth (Granite, Gabbro)

2.Extrusive igneous rock- Formed when lava cools on Earth’s surface (Basalt, Rhyolite, Pumice)

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CRYSTALLIZE! You are lava that has just come out of the sea floor at a mid-oceanic ridge and you are beginning to cool down.

1. Spread out around the room

2. When you here “CRYSTALLIZE” try to form a group around the room with students that have the same index card name.

3. When you here “FREEZE” stop where you are at and focus on me.

Discussion Questions:

With little time, how big are the crystal groups?

With more time, how big did the groups get compare to less time?

What type of igneous rocks were formed?

How did cooling rate affect the size of crystals formed?

IGNEOUS ROCKS Texture and Grain Size

1. Magma cools slowly, so intrusive igneous rocks have more time to cool and form larger grain and crystal size.

The interior of the Earth is very hot

High temperatures allow magma to cool slowly

Slow cooling allows time for large mineral crystals to form

2. Lava cools faster since it is exposed to air and water on the surface, which causes smaller grain and crystal sizes in extrusive igneous rocks.

Surface is cooler than Earth’s interior

Lower temperature causes lava to cool quickly

Fast cooling means less time for mineral crystals to form.

EXIT TICKET.

Look at each picture/ rock

Claim: Extrusive or intrusive Evidence: Provide one reason for evidence for each rock

EXTRUSIVE OR INTRUSIVE? WHY?

EXTRUSIVE OR INTRUSIVE? WHY?

EXTRUSIVE OR INTRUSIVE? WHY?

DO NOW (IGNEOUS) SWBAT describe igneous and sedimentary rocks

Granite Rhyolite

1. Look at the sample of granite and a same of rhyolite. These two igneous rocks contain the same minerals, so their chemical compositions are very similar. Yet granite and rhyolite look very different. What do you think might cause this difference?

IGNEOUS ROCKS

T-P-S (30 seconds each)

1.You can see extrusive igneous rocks on Earth’s surface, but how can you see intrusive igneous rocks?

Erosion

Plates moving, sliding under each other pushing rocks to the surface

GRAIN SIZE

Coarse- Large, visible with eyes alone

Medium- Most seen with a hand lens

Fine- Most cannot be seen

IGNEOUS IDENTIFICATION LAB

DO NOW (SEDIMENTARY)

SEDIMENTARY

Compaction

Cementation

Weathering

Erosion

CHALK DISSOLVE ACTIVITY?

What happened to your chalk?

SEDIMENTS Definition:

Materials that settle after erosion or weatheringBuilds up over time to form layers of sedimentary rock

Picture:

Example:

Loose pieces of rocks, minerals, and plant and animal remains.

Non-Example:

Igneous and metamorphic rock

EROSIONWEATHERING

Over millions and millions of years, the grand canyon was carved by the flow of water (Colorado river) breaking up the rock, and depositing the sediments down stream.

EROSION AND WEATHERING

Glaciers, pulled by gravity, and scrapes the ground moving sediments and depositing them further down a slope.

PICTURE OF WATER WHEEL HIKE

What is the erosion? What is the weathering?

T-P-S

Face partner, across from you

30 Seconds

1. What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

30 Seconds

2. Given an example of weathering and erosion

WEATHERING VS. EROSION

Weathering

Wearing away of rocks by wind,

water, sand, and chemicals.

ErosionMovement of

sediments made after weathering, usually by wind,

water, and gravity.

EXIT TICKET

1.

2.

3.

DO NOW (SED)

To the right is a picture of a landform

1. What agent of weathering caused the landform to look how it does?

2. What type of rock is this landform: Sedimentary or Igneous?

SEDIMENTARY ROCK Form from loose material (sediments) that get pressed together or cemented into rock

Fossils are found mostly in sedimentary rock

Example:

Sandstone

Limestone

Where is the oldest rock?

Where is the newest?

Rocks help us understand the Earth’s History.

What’s cementation?

SOME SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORM FROM PLANTS OR SHELLS (Natural land bridge picture)

Limestone- Made of calcite. Shells of Organisms settle on the oceanfloor over time they become buried by water moving sediment. The layers get pressed together and cemented to form limestone

SOME ROCKS FORM WHEN DISSOLVED MINERALS REFORM Minerals crystalize along the edges of lakes and oceans, where the water evaporates quickly

Over time, the minerals build up and form layers of sedimentary rock.

Examples:Rock SaltGypsum

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS AND THE WIND Sedimentary rocks are laid down in layers

Ripples

Crossbeds Wind direction

Past wind direction?

Mud Cracks Wet and dry periods

SEDIMENTARY ROCK PROPERTIES LAB Fill out your chart on the Sedimentary rocks at your table.

Color, Observations- fossils? Layers? Crossbeds, ripples? Grain size- coarse, medium, fine?

DO NOW (METAMORPHIC)

METAMORPHIC

Heat and pressure

ACTIVITY Rub your hand together- what do you feel?

Press your hand together hard- what do you feel?

Where is the metamorphic rock?

What’s below it?

What’s above it?

Where is the heat?

Where is the pressure?

METAMORPHIC

Form when an existing sedimentary or igneous rock is changed by heat or pressure into a new rock.

Example: Shale changes into Gneiss.

Video

FOLIATION

Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

FOLIATION

Non-Foliated Metamorphic rocks

METAMORPHIC ROCK PROPERTIES LAB Fill out your chart with the rocks at your table

Observation- shiny? Texture?

Grain size- course, medium, fine

DO NOW (ROCK CYCLE FOLDABLE/ POSTER)

ROCK CYCLE CLOSE READ

Circle words you don’t know

Underline important facts (processes that makes rocks)

Highlight types of rocks and examples

CREATE YOUR ROCK CYCLE FOLDABLE Create a foldable on

the rock cycle.

Include

1. Igneous

2. Metamorphic

3. Sedimentary

4. Sediment

5. (process that they’re made by with arrows)

Label arrows with: Erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, heat pressure, cooling.

6. An example of each rock

7. Description of how each rock changes into another rock

DO NOW

ROCK CYCLE LAB

Crayon Lab

DO NOW

MAKE YOUR OWN STUDY GUIDE