ROCKS Are classified according to the environment in which they _________ form.

ROCKSROCKS

Are classified according to the environment in

which they_________

Are classified according to the environment in

which they_________form

Types of Rocks:________ ________________

Types of Rocks:________ ________________

sedimentaryigneous

metamorphic

IGNEOUS ROCKSIGNEOUS ROCKS

Where Does Igneous Rock Form?

I. FORMATION OF IGNEOUS

ROCKS

I. FORMATION OF IGNEOUS

ROCKS

A. Igneous rocks form

directly from the _____________

and_____________

A. Igneous rocks form

directly from the _____________

and_____________

solidificationsolidification

crystallizationcrystallization

of _____molten rock to form_______ rock

of _____molten rock to form_______ rocksolidsolid

liquidliquid

FOUNTAINING

FISSURE ERUPTION

LAVA FLOW

LAVA FLOW OVER A ROAD

LAVA FLOW THROUGH FORREST

Kilauea, HI2003

Kilauea, HI , 2003

Mt. ST. Helens

Volcanic crater

crazy vulcanist

SKY LIGHT

B. _____________is the process

when a liquid rock cools,

B. _____________is the process

when a liquid rock cools,

crystallizationcrystallization

and it changeschanges to a solid made of

___________________

and it changeschanges to a solid made of

___________________

INTERGROWN CRYSTALS INTERGROWN CRYSTALS

GRANITE MICROSCOPIC VIEW

2. CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS:2. CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS:

A. 2 characteristics that are used to classify igneous

rocks:

A. 2 characteristics that are used to classify igneous

rocks:

1. ______________

2. ______________

1. ______________

2. ______________

texturetexture mineralcomposition mineralcomposition

B. Texture ofan

igneous rockdescribes the

B. Texture ofan

igneous rockdescribes the

_________,__________

and ____________ of

the mineralcrystals it was

made from.

_________,__________

and ____________ of

the mineralcrystals it was

made from.

sizesizeshapeshape

arrangementarrangement

C. The ______ of the crystals

depends on the

_______________________

C. The ______ of the crystals

depends on the

_______________________

sizesize

Rate of Rate of coolingcooling

Slow cooling =

____________

Slow cooling =

____________large crystalslarge crystals

MINERAL CRYSTALS

GABBRO

Fast cooling =

____________

Fast cooling =

____________fine crystalsfine crystals

Or no crystals (glassy)

Or no crystals (glassy)

GLASSY TEXTURE: OBSIDIAN

BASALT: FINE CRYSTALS

BASALT MICROSCOPIC VIEW

Granite:Coarsecrystals

Basalt:Finecrystals

(Microscopic views)

FINE CRYSTAL: RYOLITE

3. EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS:

3. EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS:

A. _____________ occurs when molten (liquid) rock flows out of the earth as

________________

A. _____________ occurs when molten (liquid) rock flows out of the earth as

________________

ExtrusionsExtrusions

lavalava

lava

magma

And cools __________quickly

to formfine or no____________

to formfine or no____________ crystals crystals

gas pockets

Vesicular basalt

This rock if full of gas pockets

frothy texture (vesicular)

B. To form magma, ____________ must be melted.

B. To form magma, ____________ must be melted.

mineralsminerals

C. Minerals melt at different

____________ and ___________

C. Minerals melt at different

____________ and ___________

temperaturestemperaturespressurespressures

D. Igneous rocks of different

____________

D. Igneous rocks of different

____________

compositioncomposition

Can form from the same body of ____________

Can form from the same body of ____________

magmamagma

4. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS:

4. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS:

A. _____________ occurs when molten

rock beneath the surface

A. _____________ occurs when molten

rock beneath the surface

IntrusionsIntrusions

(magma) (magma)

cools ____________to form_____________

cools ____________to form_____________

slowlyslowly

coarse crystals coarse crystals

Granite:Coarsecrystals

Basalt:Finecrystals

(Microscopic views)

5. FELSIC5. FELSICA. Igneous rocks of the continental crust are rich in

_________ density_________ coloredminerals

A. Igneous rocks of the continental crust are rich in

_________ density_________ coloredmineralslowlowlightlight

(granitic)(granitic)

6. MAFIC6. MAFICA. Igneous rocks of the ocean floor are rich in

_________ density_________ coloredminerals

A. Igneous rocks of the ocean floor are rich in

_________ density_________ coloredmineralshighhighdarkdark

(basaltic)(basaltic)

Comparing Oceanic Crust To Continental Crust

Continental Crust:1.2.3.4.5.

Continental Crust:1.2.3.4.5.

low densitylow densitylight colorlight color

felsicfelsicgraniticgranitic

thickthick

Oceanic Crust:

1.2.3.4.5.

Oceanic Crust:

1.2.3.4.5.

high densityhigh densitydark colordark color

maficmaficbasalticbasaltic

thinthin

Complete the Activity

Complete the Activity

Use this diagram in your ESRT to answer the following:

 What is the temperature for the interface between

the following… inner core and outer core? 6250° COuter core and stiffer mantle? 5000° C Stiffer Mantle and athenosphere? 2600° C Asthenosphere and lithosphere? 750° C

Use this diagram in your ESRT to answer the following:

 What is the temperature for the interface between

the following… inner core and outer core? 6250° COuter core and stiffer mantle? 5000° C Stiffer Mantle and athenosphere? 2600° C Asthenosphere and lithosphere? 750° C

What is the depth of the interface between the stiffer mantle and the outer core? 2900 KM

 State the relationship between depth

and pressure :As depth increase pressure increases

State the relationship between depth and temperature:

As depth increases temperature increases

What is the depth of the interface between the stiffer mantle and the outer core? 2900 KM

 State the relationship between depth

and pressure :As depth increase pressure increases

State the relationship between depth and temperature:

As depth increases temperature increases

MELTING ROCKS AND CRYSTALLIZING MAGMARock magma magma rock

When rocks melt, bonds broken.

Crystalline solid no longer exists.

MELTING ROCKS AND CRYSTALLIZING MAGMARock magma magma rock

•Hot liquid contains still solid fragments

•Minerals melt at different temperatures

•Melting causes changes in magma composition

MELTING ROCKS AND CRYSTALLIZING MAGMARock magma magma rock

•Cooling of hot liquid allows crystallization of minerals

•Bonds are re-established

•Crystalline structure grows until edges touch adjacent crystals

•Minerals crystallize at different temperatures

OK………..TAKE OUT

YOUR REFERENCE

TABLE

OK………..TAKE OUT

YOUR REFERENCE

TABLE