Rocks

1º ESO – Natural Sciences

What are rocks?

What are rocks made up of?

They are made up of minerals

Can you name some things that granite and marbleare used for?

Floors, hobs, sculptures…

To make up: formar, estar compuesto

Marble: mármol

Hob: encimera (de la cocina)

Types of rocks

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

Igneous (it comes from the latin word “Ignis” that means “fire”). In spanish: magmáticas

Did you know? Oil and coal are called fossil fuels. They are the most important energy resources for the planet.

To mean: significar, querer decir (una palabra)

Oil: petróleo (cuando está en el yacimiento)

Coal: carbón

Sedimentary rocks

Detrital rocks: are made up of fragments of rocks that are stuck together.

Chemical sedimentary rocks: are made of mineral crystals from oceans, lakes and groundwater that have dissolved in water.

Organic rocks: are made of plants and animal remains which have been transformed into minerals.

To be stuck: estar incrustado, compactado

Groundwater: Agua subterránea

Animal remains: restos de animales

Classification of sedimentary rocks

Detrital

ConglomerateFragments of

rocks ans some sand

Round or angular

Sandstone

(arenisca)Small grains

Grains break off if scratched (arañado)

Clay

(arcilla)Very small grains

Smell like wet earth when wet

Chemical

Limestone

(caliza)

Chemical reaction/calcium

carbonate

Reacts to acids by producing

bubbles

Gypsum

(yeso)

Evaporation of water deposits

Very soft. Scratched with fingernail (uña)

Rock salt Tastes salty

Organic

CoalRemains of land

vegetationSoft, black

OilRemains of plants and

animals

Thick (espeso), black, liquid

Classification of sedimentary rocksDetrital: CONGLOMERATES

Classification of sedimentary rocksDetrital: SANDSTONES

Classification of sedimentary rocksDetrital: CLAY

Classification of sedimentary rocksChemical: LIMESTONES

Classification of sedimentary rocksChemical: GYPSUM

Classification of sedimentary rocksChemical: SALT

Classification of sedimentary rocksOrganic: COAL

Classification of igneous rocks

Plutonic IntrusiveMagma cools

slowly over thousands of years

Large crystals Granite

Volcanic ExtrusiveLava cools rapidly

on the surfaceTiny crystals

Basalt

Pumice

What is magma? Is the melted material from belowthe Earth’s crust. It consists of silicates, water and gases.

What is lava? Is magma on the Earth’s crust.

To cool: enfriar

Below: debajo

Classification of igneous rocks

GRANITO BASALTO PIEDRA PÓMEZ

Classification of metamorphic rocks

Formed by slow process in the deep of the Earth, caused by high temperature and pressure, that change rock into metamorphic rocks. Parent rocks can be sedimentary, igneous or other metamorphic rocks, without melting.

From sedimentary rocks: Slate (foliated),

Marble (non-foliated)

Deep (adjetivo): profundoDeep (sustantivo): profundidadInto: En

Parent rock: roca matriz, roca origenWithout: sin

Classification of metamorphic rocks