This Presentation is About: Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks
May 16, 2015
This Presentation is About:
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Igneous RockIgneous rock is formed from molten rock that
hardened into a solid state.
Types of Igneous Rock
• There are two types of igneous rock:
Extrusive, which forms from lava that hardens on Earth’s surface.
Intrusive, which forms from magma that hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
Molten Rock Above Surface (Lava)
Lava Cools Quickly and Hardens into
Extrusive Rock
Extrusive Rock
Molten Rock Below Surface
(Magma)
When the Volcano Stops Erupting, the Magma Cools Slowly and Hardens into Intrusive Rock
Intrusive Rock
Examples
• Intrusive
GranitePorphyryPegmatite
• Extrusive
BasaltObsidianRhyolite
Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rock is made of sediment that has been deposited, compacted, and cemented.
Types of Sedimentary Rock
• There are three types of sedimentary rock:
Clastic, which is formed when rock fragments are squeezed together.
Organic, which forms when the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers.
Chemical, which forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize.
Clastic Rock
Scattered Rock Fragments
Rock Fragments Squeezed Together
Organic Rock
Soil
Layer of Organic Material Above
Soil
Compacted Organic Material Eventually Hardens into Rock
Organic Material gets Covered with Soil and
Compacts Together
Chemical Rock
Minerals Get Deposited in
Water
Minerals Dissolve in
Water
Minerals Crystallize
Examples
• ClasticShaleSandstoneConglomerateBreccia
• OrganicCoalLimestone
• ChemicalLimestone
Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic rock is any rock that has gone under immense heat and pressure to
transform into another rock.
Types of Metamorphic Rock
• There are two types of Metamorphic rock:
Foliated, which is when the rock grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands.
Nonfoliated, which is when the rock grains are arranged randomly.
Foliated Rock
Nonfoliated Rock
How Metamorphic Rocks are Formed
Magma
Earth’s Crust
Rock Layers
HEAT AND PRESSURE
Examples
• Foliated
SlateSchistGneiss
• Nonfoliated
Marble Quartzite
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Text: Amber Fox
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