Rock Cycle

Rock Cycle

Diagram of the Interior of the EarthCrust

0 to 40 km 0°C

Upper Mantle40 to 670 km

1,000°C

Lower Mantle670 to 2,890 km

2,000°C

Outer Core2,890 to 5,150 km

3,700°C

Inner Core5,150 to 6,370 km

4,300°C Prepared by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

Office of Geological Survey

Minerals Minerals – Naturally formed solid that

has a repeating three-dimensional shape

Minerals are• Nonliving material• Have crystals• Formed in nature• solid

Identifying Minerals Luster Color Streak Cleavage and

Fracture Density Hardness

Streak is simply the color of a mineral powder.

Moh’s Hardness Scale What rock will scratch Calcite but not

scratch Orthoclase?

Hardness of some other items:

2.5 Fingernail2.5–3 Gold, Silver

3 Copper penny4-4.5 Platinum4-5 Iron5.5 Knife blade6-7 Glass6.5 Iron pyrite7+ Hardened steel file

Mineral Properties Video Clip

Rocks Minerals combine to form rocks There are three types of rocks

• Igneous• Sedimentary• Metamorphic

http://www.cet.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html

Igneous Rock Igneous forms when hot, liquid rock,

or magma, cools and hardens Igneous rock formed on the surface is

called extrusive Rock formed under surface is

intrusive

Extrusive Intrusive

Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed from

compaction and sedimentation Sedimentary contain layers called

strata

Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic rock is formed by heat

and pressure

=Heat and Pressure

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