Rock Anchoring & Foundation System Introduction

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Rock Anchoring & Foundation SystemIntroduction:The Rock Anchoring & Foundation System is a Patented efficient and economical solution forthe installation of Anchors and Foundations in Rock and/or any Solid Media. The System is

Ecologically sound as it requires no excavation or removal of spoils and has no vibration,hammering or explosive requirements in its installation. No bonding agent required in the

installation process as the System Components, upon their placement, directly transfers the

applied design forces directly into the surrounding media. The System can be designed andinstalled to handle any intensity and type of loading placed upon it and is only limited by the

strength of the surrounding media itself. It is easily installed with a minimum amount of time,labor and equipment. Once installed, the System can be easily tested to its design/ultimate load

bearing capacity and is ready for immediate use with known installed structural integrity.

No drying and/or curing time required.

Anchor Design, Installation & Testing Procedures:• As with other rock anchors, the design of the System normally requires core sampling

that identifies the consistency, type and strength of the load bearing media. The

position/depth of the System is determined. The required design loading will determinethe bar size required. Standard sizes available range from diameters of 1 to 2 1/2 inches

with minimum ultimate strengths of 127.5 to 778 kips. The hole size required for theinstallation will normally be 1 inch greater than the bar diameter. Core sampling ideally

would be taken at precise location the System is designed for. Upon withdrawing and

inspecting the core samples, the Anchoring System can be installed immediately in theprecise position as determined by the inspection of the samples. The System, consisting

of the anchor head attached to the bar, which is encased by the spreading column, islowered into the hole. The spreading/spinner apparatus is attached and centered in

contact with the surface. The System is rotated, using the core sampling power unit,

opening the anchor head into the load bearing media, in a predetermined controlledmanner. This places the anchor head conically into the rock, which effectively utilizes

the maximum strength of the load bearing rock via the Anchoring System. The casing, ifused and required for coring by soils overburden, and/or the spreading column is

2Anchor Design, Installation & Testing Procedures (cont’d.):

removed, allowing the System to be immediately tested and placed into the use it was

designed for.• Where the Rock Anchoring System is used in applications with rock at the surface,

without coring requirements, its installation is greatly simplified. The drilled hole size isdetermined by the design loading. The hole is drilled to the desired System depth. The

System, consisting of the anchor head attached to the bar, which is encased by the

spreading column, is lowered into the hole. The spreading/spinner apparatus is attachedand centered in contact with the surface. The System is rotated using the hole drilling

power unit, opening the anchor head into the load bearing media, in a predetermined

controlled manner. This places the anchor head conically into the rock, which effectivelyutilizes the maximum strength of the load bearing rock via the Anchoring System. The

spreading column is removed allowing the System to be immediately tested and placedinto its designed use. If required, the System may be post-tensioned in order to meet

current seismic loading safety measures. Corrosion protection for the bars can be

accomplished via any desired methods currently used. The force transmitting Anchorhead can be made of stainless steel, which can handle any compressive force that is place

on it. The bar is the only component of the System that experiences the tensile forcesplaced upon the System, which can also be made of stainless steel.

Foundation Design, Installation & Testing Procedures:The Foundation System is installed using the Anchoring System, The Anchoring Systemprovides a predetermined axial installing load in the precise direction required by the installation

and loading of the Foundation System. Foundation uplift/pull out forces, when present in theSystem, are handled by directly attaching the Foundation to the Anchor in their final installed

and tested position. The Foundation System can be designed, installed and tested to handle

virtually and type and intensity of loading, such as overturning and torsional moments, angularand ground line shear and bearing. Upon reaching its final installed position, the final applied

and held installing load is a direct indication of its ultimate strength, allowing the immediate use

of the System. In rock the System can be pulled into a rock socket. When installed in soils theinstalling force is applied and installing movement is controlled in a predetermined manner.

This increases the load handling capacities of the soils, via their compaction/consolidation, and

3Foundation Design, Installation & Testing Procedures (cont’d.): Virtually eliminates settlement, as the entire Foundation System, including the load bearing

soils, has been pre-stressed/tested to its design loading. Post-tensioned during the installationprocess. In the final installed position of the System any desired portion of the installing load

may be locked in to meet current seismic loading safety measures. Corrosion protection for theAnchor bars and the Foundation System can be accomplished via any desired methods currently

used. The force transmitting Anchor head can be made of stainless steel, which can handle any

compressive force that is place on it. The bar is the only component of the System thatexperiences the tensile forces placed upon the System.

Present Art of Designing and Installing Rock Anchorages:• High capacity rock anchors are generally post-tensioned. There are two distinct types of

pre-stressed anchors in widespread use distinguished by tendon type: bar anchors and

strand anchors. Both require drilling, cleaning and water testing of the borehole prior toestablishing a cured grout bond of the tendon component to the rock bore hole surface.

The bond zone, depth and diameter of drill hole surface required for bonding strength,

will vary due to the types of rock encountered. The grout must be cured between thetendon component and the borehole wall prior to post-tensioning.

• Resin grout bonded rock anchors are currently considered as the most economicaltemporary rock anchor. Its installation requires a tight, non-permeable, clean and dry

borehole. The bond length is limited, as its entire length must be pushed into the epoxy

and spun prior to reaching the gel time of the epoxy, requiring fast installations. It cannotbe used in all types of rock.

• Mechanical rock anchors are installed via an anchor shell and a cone used to develop afriction lock between the rock and head assembly. Their use is limited to concrete and

soft rock and have minimal load-handling capabilities.

Present Art of Designing and Installing Combined Post-Tensioned Rock

Anchorage and Foundation Systems:There is no known practice system for installing foundations in rock, soils or any combinations

thereof using rock anchors where the entire system, including the surrounding load-bearing

4Present Art of Designing and Installing Combined Post-Tensioned Rock

Anchorage and Foundation Systems (cont’d):media, can be tested and post-tensioned and/or load tested to a designed loading. Post-tensioning

foundations would require a sound & reliable anchoring system for all rock and soils types withcomplete geotechnical site/media investigation prior to the system design. A combination of

rock engineering and soils engineering experience would be required. In most cases foundations

are designed with large safety factors, installed and placed into use without being post-tensionedand/or load tested.

Advantages of using The Rock Anchoring and Foundation System as compared to

The Present Art of designing and installing rock anchors and foundations:The proprietary apparatus and method for installing an anchor head conically into a rock socket

is the enabling factor in the creation of the advantages and need for this technology as compared

to existing practices. The Anchor Head directly transmits the applied load outwardly into thesurrounding rock. This allows the full strength of the load bearing rock to be used. The

following is a list of use advantages which is not all inclusive:• Bonding grout or resins are not used.

o No curing or gel time is required.

o Drilling depth in rock is greatly reduced as required bonding length is totallyeliminated.

o In a post-tensioned installation the entire rod, starting at the anchor head, can be

considered as the tendon with the anchor head being the anchor.o The pre-installation requirements of a tight, non-permeable, clean and dry borehole

are totally eliminated.o All installed Systems can be immediately placed into use upon completing the

appropriate pre-designed installation process.

• The structural strength of the installed system is known upon installation, including post-tensioned systems.

• The design process and its associated time requirements are greatly simplified along with thereduction of its associated liabilities:

o Provides a single system and method that can be used in the design & installation of

standard or post-tensioned foundation and/or rock anchoring systems.

5Advantages of using The Rock Anchoring and Foundation System as compared to

The Present Art of designing and installing rock anchors and foundations (cont’d.):o When the strength of the rock and, if present, the overlaying soils is known it is

relatively simple to select the anchorage and design the foundation.o There are no novel design procedures or formulae, required in the design process, that

are not being used in the present art.

o Rock coring can be accomplished at the precise location of the installed system andthe system can be immediately installed using the coring system. This would allow

geotechnical testing firms to have an added revenue producing function.• Provides a large overall reduction in project costs in the following areas;

o Design time and costs.

o Elimination of required material and their associated installation and curing time.o Rock drilling depths and borehole size are reduced significantly.

o Equipment costs are reduced.• Allows an advance in seismic engineering by providing an easily designed and installed post-

tensioned system for foundations and/or anchoring systems with known structural integrity

upon their installation.• Allows an improvement in permafrost engineering by providing an easily designed and

installed post-tensioned system for foundations and/or anchoring systems with knownstructural integrity upon their installation.

• Allows development of a complete sound, safe and reliable system for mobile home

foundations and anchors.

Barriers to Market Entry and their Possible Solutions:• Acceptance of the technology – The only change is the rock anchor head which clearly

apparent in its use and benefits.

• Lack of testing use/results – The only part of the System that is different is the anchor head

and its installation. Testing can be easily & economically accomplished in surface rockalong with being certified by a reputable geotechnical testing lab locally.

• Contractor acceptance, when different to materials and procedures they are currently using –

Due to its time and cost benefits along with its known structural integrity, upon installation,

6Barriers to Market Entry and their Possible Solutions (cont’d.): designers and users will quickly change their requirements/specifications. Contractors will

be able to perform the installations using the same equipment they have. The only added equipment needed would be the spinner/expanding apparatus, which could be purchased at

a minimal cost.

• Lack of funding for development, testing and marketing – The simplicity and soundness of

this proposal will attract investors, Another consideration would be to develop a strategic

alliance with a rod and/or an anchor head manufacturer. The development of a hand toolsystem powered by a standard drill/driver for smaller anchors would open possible strategic

alliances for marketing by major retailers and/or tool distributors for the home owner and

small contractor markets, would also be a potential source of funding.

Use Areas/Industries:Anywhere foundations and/or rock anchors are used is a potential use area. A marketing planmust be developed to target customers and/or alliances that would create sales in a manner that

will satisfy our ongoing financial needs, which includes funding for the plan.

The Rock Anchoring & Foundation System Post-Tensioned Systems

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Perimeter of Load BearingZones of Influence

Perimeter of Load BearingZones of Influence

Perimeter of Load BearingZones of Influence

Rock Anchoring & Foundation Systems0 Systems are easily designed, prestressed/tested and post-tensioned during their controlled installation. 0 Systems have virtually unlimited loading

capacities;o Axial/Angular Loadingo Horizontal Loading/Groundline Shear o Torsional Moment Loadingo Overturning Moment Loadingo Any combinations of the above

0 Systems with foundations in soils; (Figures 1 & 3)o The foundations are pulled into the

ground in a controlled manner to allow the formation of a load bearing zone of influence. This is formed by the compaction &/or consolidation of the soils therein.

o The surface area, depth and fin size of the foundations are designed to handle the respective component/s of loading placed on them.

0 Systems with foundations in rock;(Figure 2)o The foundations column are pulled into a

rock socket in a controlled manner.o Ribs are installed on the foundation column

to handle torsional moments.

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The Rock Anchoring & Foundation System Post-Tensioned Systems

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Free Stress Length (typical)

Systems can be installed, post- tensioned and/orprestressed/tested in any direction.

Plan View - Various System Shapes

Figure 1Figure 2

Figure 4Figure 3

Various System Shapes Data0 Figure 1 - Large moment platforms for

Wind Power Systems, Elevated Tram Systems, etc.

0 Figure 2 - Spread Footer for Buildings, Sub Station Equipment, etc.

0 Figure 3 - Moment Platform for Cellularand Power Transmission Towers, etc.

0 Figure 4 - Piers for Buildings, Elevated Tanks Control Towers, etc.

0 Note: Systems with multiple Anchors can be Post-Tensioned &/or Prestressed/Tested at one time.

The Rock Anchor & Foundation System Hand Tool ApplicationRock Auger Anchor Foundation System Patent # 5,460,231

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Exclusive Use Advantages0 Can be installed with a hand

drill/driver.0 Directly utilizes compressive

strength of rock, concrete or other solid encompassing media, unlike mechanical friction devices or epoxy or grout anchors.

0 Epoxies or grout not required.0 Immediate use upon Installation.0 Can easily be post-tensioned &/or

tested.0 Sizes can range from a 1” rod with a 2’’ drilled hole to a 1/4” rod

Figure 1 - Shows System in installation position. Spin rod and lower section with drill/driver while turning upper portion of Spinner Expander Assembly slowly in a counter clockwise direction until the anchor is fully set. Remove Spinner Expander Assembly and Setting Tube .Figure 2 - Insert Shell Casing Insert, encompassing Anchor, and secure with nut. The Shell Casing Insert will accommodate angular, lateral, moment and bearing loading on the System Post-tensioning &/or Testing can be accomplished at this time.

Front View

The Rock Anchoring & Foundation System Rock Auger Anchor Foundation System Patent # 5,460,231

Front View

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Leading edge of Anchor Cutting Surfaces are coated with Carbide Chips or industrial diamonds

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Foundation Bearing Plate

Gauge Reading of AppliedHydraulic Installing Force = The Total Fvp (Vertical Force exerted by the Bearing Plate) = The Total Fva (Vertical Force exerted by Anchor Plates = Ultimate Anchor Strength

Anchor Installation Process1 . Lower Conical Auger/Anchor

into rock hole.2 . Place Hydraulics Apparatus

with attached thrust bearingsin place.

3 . Attach Auger Driver to StopCoupler.

4 . Attach Hydraulic Hand Pumpto Cylinders.

5 . Rotate Rod and ConicalAuger/Anchor.

6 . Slowly expand the cylinders,spreading the anchor cuttingsurfaces into the rock, untilthe Conical Auger/Anchor is in its installed position.

7 . Remove the HydraulicsApparatus.

8 . Attach appropriate test assembly and pull test

Anchor to 100 % of itsrequired strength.

Foundation Installation1 . Lower Foundation over

extended Rod, centering overrock hole.Attach Hydraulics Assembly.

3 . Hydraulically InstallFoundation until in itsinstalled position, noting thegauge read force applied atthat point. Continueincreasing hydraulic forceuntil desired foundationstrength is achieved. Secure Lock Nut at desired PostTensioned load. Remove hydraulics andattach structure system wasdesigned for.

Lock Nut

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Mechanical Rock AnchorUsed for moderate loading (Less than 180 kips). Should only be used in competent rock. The conical mass pullout capacity is generally angled out from 15 to 60 degrees.

Bonded Rock AnchorGrout Bond - Must wait for adequate strength of grout to be reached prior to pre-stressing. Deeper drilling is required. Clean, dry and nonporous drill holes are required. Known rock strength is required to determine bond face area,hole diameter and anchor lengths.Resin Bond - depth of over 20 ft are difficult to install because resin gel times require speedy installations. Require tight drill holes for proper mixing of cartridges. Deeper drilling is required. Clean, dry and nonporous drill holes are required.

Rock Anchoring SystemRequired Rock depth and diameter is reduced substantially as strength is not obtained by bonding or frictional contact. The anchor being set into the rock directly utilizes its full strength. Required hole diameter is only from 1 to 3 inches greater than the diameter of the tendon. Installation not complicated and is accomplished with a minimal amount of equipment and time.

The Rock Anchoring & Foundation System Comparisons to Present Art

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