RoboticsinGenitourinarySurgery - Springer978-1-84882-114-9/1.pdf · Claude Abbou Department of Urology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France Ashok K. Hemal Department of Urology,

Robotics in Genitourinary Surgery

Ashok K. Hemal · Mani MenonEditors

Robotics in GenitourinarySurgery

123

EditorsProf. Dr. Ashok K. HemalDepartment of Urology, Comprehensive

Cancer CenterInstitute for Regenerative MedicineRobotics and Minimally Invasive SurgeryBaptist Medical CenterWake Forest University School

of MedicineWake Forest University Health SciencesWinston-Salem, NC, USA

Dr. Mani MenonProfessor of UrologyColumbia UniversityNew York DirectorMenon-Vattikuti CenterNew York Presbyterian HospitalUSA

ISBN 978-1-84882-113-2 e-ISBN 978-1-84882-114-9DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882-114-9Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York

British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Control Number: 2011920995

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Preface

It has been a privilege for us to write the preface for this book, Robotics inGenitourinary Surgery. The da Vinci robot is a staggeringly sophisticated tool,although it has been around for only a decade and has witnessed a logarithmicincrease in numbers of robot-assisted surgeries since its inception. This is particularlytrue in the USA, with other parts of the world closely following.

Patients have accepted the technology at breathless pace. Urological surgeons havebeen slower to do so. This is human nature, and it is always difficult to learn andapply new technologies. Already the field of urological oncology has been turnedon its head, and the signature oncological procedure, the radical prostatectomy isoverwhelmingly performed with robotic assistance. Several years ago, The New YorkTimes published an article looking at how new technology has disseminated acrossthe USA within the years after its introduction. At an acceptance rate of over 60%at 5 years, robotic radical prostatectomy exceeded the penetration of electricity, celltelephones, or the personal computer!

Yet there are controversies about the robot-assisted technique. Nay sayers, whoshare the common quality of never having seriously tried doing robotic surgery, com-plain that there is no real benefit from robotic surgery and that it is slick marketingthat has resulted in the acceptance of the robot. They say that the learning curveis steep, that surgeons are attempting robotics without proper training, and that therobotic manufacturer is responsible for most of this. There is some truth to all of this.As among the pioneers of these procedures, we have heard it all, at symposia, in thehallways, in editorials, and in rejections of early (and some not-so-early) manuscripts.These are the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune. As newer generations of sur-geons have embraced robotics, these protestations are becoming less vociferous, androbotic surgery will find its appropriate place. The technology is wonderful, in theproper hands the da Vinci robot is an incredibly sophisticated tool, and the learningissues will be resolved as robotic surgery becomes mainstream training in residencies.

This textbook aims to provide comprehensive, state-of-art information about thevarious topics dedicated to robotic urologic procedures. Our intention on the onehand has been to make our urologic colleagues at large aware of the eclectic vari-eties of urologic surgeries that are being done with robotic assistance and at the sametime provide details of robotic setup, instrumentation, and surgical nuances of dif-ferent procedures. The contributors to the book are truly pioneers and experts in thefield of robotic surgery across the world. They could have written just about anytopic in robotics, but they helped us in writing this book. This book contains ninesections (History; Basics and Development of Program; Training and Research; the

v

vi Preface

Prostate; Adrenal, Kidney and Ureter; Bladder; Pediatric Urology; Female Urologyand Infertility; Patient’s Perspective and Future) with 60 chapters tailored to addressthe history, technique, research, and experience in the field of robotic urologicsurgery. We thank the pioneers and innovative urological surgeons who have devel-oped and nurtured robotic urologic surgery from its infancy to maturity to serve ourpatients and community.

When the history of robotics is written, the authors of the chapters will stand outamong the great surgeons in urology.

The editors are eternally grateful to all the individual contributors of this book inhelping to lay the foundations of robotic surgery. Every one is a hero in their ownright. We hope that Intuitive Surgical, the manufacturer of the robot, recognizes thisand, more importantly, makes the technology more affordable and the training morestructured.

NC, USA Ashok K. HemalMI, USA Mani Menon

Contents

Part I History, Basics, and Development of Program . . . . . . . . . 1

1 The History of Robotic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Michael E. Moran

2 Robotic Instrumentation and Operating Room Setup . . . . . . . . . 25Ty T. Higuchi and Matthew T. Gettman

3 Port Placement in Robotic Urologic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Chad R. Ritch and Ketan K. Badani

4 Achieving Efficiency in the Operating Room: Step by Step . . . . . . 51Randy Fagin

5 Laparoscopy vs. Robotics: Ergonomics – Does It Matter? . . . . . . 63Jens Rassweiler, Ali Serdar Gözen, Thomas Frede, and Dogu Teber

6 Anesthetic Considerations for Robotic Urologic Surgery . . . . . . . 79Michael A. Olympio

7 The Development of a Robotic Urology Program in the UK . . . . . 97Harveer S. Dev, Nimish C. Shah, and David E. Neal

8 Robotic Urologic Surgery: How to Make an EffectiveRobotic Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Arthur Caire, Michael N. Ferrandino, and David M. Albala

9 Witnessing the Transition of Open to Robotic Surgery . . . . . . . . 119John B. Malcolm, Michael D. Fabrizio, and Paul F. Schellhammer

10 Patient-Side Surgeons: The Unsung Heroes of Robotic Surgery . . . 131Phillip Mucksavage and Daniel D. Eun

Part II Training and Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

11 Training in Robotic Urologic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141David S. Wang and Howard N. Winfield

12 Animal Laboratory Training: Current Statusand How Essential Is It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Gyung Tak Sung and Yinghao Sun

vii

viii Contents

13 Training of Operating Room Technician and Nursesin Robotic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Stacey Dusik-Fenton and James O. Peabody

14 Impact of Virtual Reality Simulators in Trainingof Robotic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163David A. Gilley and Chandru P. Sundaram

15 Training, Credentialing, and Hospital Privileging for RoboticUrological Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Kevin C. Zorn and Gagan Gautam

16 Research in Urologic Oncology in an Era of MinimallyInvasive Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183Ralph W. deVere White, Kirk A. Keegan, and Karim Chamie

17 Databases and Data Management for Robotic Surgery . . . . . . . . 189Charles-Henry Rochat and Usha Seshadri-Kreaden

18 The Role of Scientific Journals in DisseminatingNew Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Barry B. McGuire and John M. Fitzpatrick

19 Predicting Robotic Utilization in Urologic Disease:An Epidemiology-Based Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Jed-Sian Cheng and Gabriel P. Haas

Part III The Prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

20 Development of the Vattikuti Institute Prostatectomy:Historical Perspective and Technical Nuances . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Piyush K. Agarwal, Sanjeev A. Kaul, and Mani Menon

21 Transferring Knowledge of Anatomical Dissectionfrom the Laboratory to the Patient: An Australian Perspective . . . 243Ben Challacombe and Anthony J. Costello

22 Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Prostate Surgeon’sPerspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Cole Davis, Matthew R. Cooperberg, and Peter R. Carroll

23 Cautery-Free Technique of Robot-Assisted RadicalProstatectomy: Impact on Nerve Preservation andLong-Term Outcome on Recovery of Sexual Function . . . . . . . . 261David S. Finley, Anthony J. Costello, and Thomas E. Ahlering

24 Current Concepts in Cavernosal Neural Anatomyand Imaging and Their Implications for Nerve-SparingRadical Prostatectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273Gerald Y. Tan, Sonal Grover, Atsushi Takenaka, PrasannaSooriakumaran, and Ashutosh K. Tewari

25 Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy for Large Glandsand Median Lobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291Ugur Boylu and Raju Thomas

Contents ix

26 Extraperitoneal Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy:Simulating the Gold Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Ahmed Ghazi and Jean Joseph

27 The Retrograde Extraperitoneal Approach:Robotic Retrograde Extraperitoneal LaparoscopicProstatectomy (RRELP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307Charles-Henry Rochat and Pierre Dubernard

28 Technical Modifications for Robotic Prostatectomy . . . . . . . . . . 319Kenneth J. Palmer, Rafael E. Coelho, Sanket Chauhan,and Vipul R. Patel

29 Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Cancer Control andImplications of Margin Positivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327Mark H. Katz, Kevin C. Zorn, and Arieh L. Shalhav

30 Techniques to Improve Urinary Continence FollowingRobot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Pierre Mendoza, Saurabh Sharma, and David I. Lee

31 Penile Rehabilitation After Robotic Radical Prostatectomy:The Best Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361Andrea Gallina, Alberto Briganti, Nazareno Suardi, AndreaSalonia, Umberto Capitanio, and Francesco Montorsi

32 Laparoscopy or Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Pros and Cons . . . 371Claude Abbou and Leticia Ruiz

33 Complications of Robotic Prostatectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377Sameer Siddiqui, Akshay Bhandari, and Mani Menon

Part IV Adrenal, Kidney, and Ureter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

34 Robotic Urologic Surgery: Robotic-Assisted Adrenalectomy . . . . . 393Vinod Narra, Craig G. Rogers, and Mani Menon

35 Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomyand Nephroureterectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Ben R. McHone, Ronald S. Boris, and Peter A. Pinto

36 Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411Brian M. Benway, Robert S. Figenshau, and Sam B. Bhayani

37 Robotic Urologic Surgery: Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy . . . 423Manish N. Patel, Mani Menon, and Craig G. Rogers

38 Robotic Donor Nephrectomy: Technique and Outcomes –An European Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435J. Hubert and M. Ladrière

39 Robotic Donor Nephrectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Kari J. Thompson and Santiago Horgan

40 Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445Iqbal Singh and Ashok Kumar Hemal

x Contents

41 Robotic Surgery for Urolithiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467Rajeev Kumar and Ashok K. Hemal

42 Ureteral Reconstruction Utilizing Robotic-Assisted Techniques . . . 477Patrick Mufarrij, Elias Hyams, and Michael Stifelman

43 Robotic or Laparoscopic Renal Surgery: Pros and Cons . . . . . . . 483Alexander Mottrie

Part V Bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

44 Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy in Male: Technique of Spaces . . 503Matthew H. Hayn, Piyush K. Agarwal, and Khurshid A. Guru

45 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Anterior Pelvic Exenterationfor Bladder Cancer in the Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511Raj S. Pruthi, Matthew E. Nielsen, and Eric M. Wallen

46 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Extended Pelvic LymphNode Dissection for Bladder Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523A. Karim Kader and Ashok K. Hemal

47 Robot-Assisted Intracorporeal Ileal Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533Alexander Mottrie, Jamil Rehman, Mattia N. Sangalli, Geert deNaeyer, Peter Schatteman, Paul Carpentier, Matthew H. Hayn,and Khurshid A. Guru

48 Robotic Urinary Diversion: Technique, Current Status,and Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541Abolfazl Hosseini, Martin C. Schumacher, Martin N. Jonsson,and N. Peter Wiklund

49 Robotic Bladder Surgery Complications: Preventionand Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553Erik P. Castle, Rafael Nuñez-Nateras, Michael E. Woods,and Paul E. Andrews

Part VI Pediatric Urology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

50 Robotic Surgery for Ureteral Anomalies in Children . . . . . . . . . 571Rita Gobet and Craig A. Peters

51 Robotic Surgery of the Kidney in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581Sanjeev A. Kaul and Jack S. Elder

52 Robotic Bladder Surgery in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595Pasquale Casale and Yoshiyuki Kojima

Part VII Female Urology and Infertility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

53 Robotic Surgery in Urogynecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605Mark S. Shimko and Daniel S. Elliott

54 Robotic Repair of Vesico-vaginal Fistula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611Pankaj Wadhwa and Ashok K. Hemal

Contents xi

55 Robotic Surgery in Male Infertility (Robotic-Assisted Microsurgery) 617Georges A. de Boccard and Alexander Mottrie

Part VIII Patient’s Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

56 Treater to Target: Experiences of a Prostate Cancer Participant . . . 627Paul F. Schellhammer

57 My Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635John M. Barry

Part IX Future Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

58 Telementoring and Telesurgery in Urology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645Ben Challacombe and Prokar Dasgupta

59 Robotic Systems: Past, Present, and Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655Shadie R. Badaan and Dan Stoianovici

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Contributors

Claude Abbou Department of Urology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France

Piyush K. Agarwal Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit,MI, USA

Thomas E. Ahlering Department of Urology, University of California Irvine,Irvine, CA, USA

David M. Albala Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke Prostate Center, DukeUniversity Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

Paul E. Andrews Mayo Clinic, Urology, Phoenix, AZ, USA

Shadie R. Badaan Urology Robotics Laboratory, James Buchannan BradyUrological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Ketan K. Badani Columbia University Medical Center/NY Presbyterian Hospital,New York, NY, USA

John M. Barry Division of Urology, Oregon Health and Science University,Portland, OR, USA

Brian M. Benway Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University Schoolof Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

Akshay Bhandari Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit,MI, USA

Sam B. Bhayani Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery,Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

Georges A. de Boccard Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery Center, ClinicGenerale Beaulieu, Geneva, Switzerland

Ralph W. deVere White UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA

Ronald S. Boris Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NationalInstitutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

Ugur Boylu Department of Urology, Center for Minimally Invasive and RoboticSurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

Alberto Briganti Department of Urology, Vita-Salute University, San RaffaeleHospital, Milano, Italy

xiii

xiv Contributors

Arthur Caire Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke ProstateCenter, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

Umberto Capitanio Urology Department, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

Paul Carpentier Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw (OLV) Clinic, Aalst,Belgium

Peter R. Carroll Department of Urology, UCSF - Helen Diller FamilyComprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Pasquale Casale Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of PennsylvaniaSchool of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Erik P. Castle Mayo Clinic, Department of Urology, Phoenix, AZ, USA

Ben Challacombe The Urology Centre, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK

Karim Chamie David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, LosAngeles, CA, USA

Sanket Chauhan Global Robotics Institute, Celebration Health/Florida Hospital,Celebration, FL, USA

Jed-Sian Cheng Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University,Syracuse, NY, USA

Rafael E. Coelho Global Robotics Institute, Celebration Health/Florida Hospital,Celebration, FL, USA

Matthew R. Cooperberg Department of Urology, UCSF - Helen Diller FamilyComprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Anthony J. Costello Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The RoyalMelbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Prokar Dasgupta The Urology Centre, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK

Cole Davis Department of Urology, UCSF - Helen Diller Family ComprehensiveCancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Geert de Naeyer Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw (OLV) Clinic,Aalst, Belgium

Harveer S. Dev Cambridge University Clinical School, St John’s College,Cambridge, UK

Pierre Dubernard Centre Urologie Bellecour, Lyon, France

Stacey Dusik-Fenton Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System,Detroit, MI, USA

Jack S. Elder Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Children’s Hospitalof Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA

Daniel S. Elliott Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

Daniel D. Eun Division of Urology, Penn Urology at Pennsylvania Hospital,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Contributors xv

Michael D. Fabrizio Endourology/Laparoscopy Program, Eastern VirginiaMedical School, Norfolk, VA, USA

Randy Fagin The Prostate Center of Austin, Austin, TX, USA

Michael N. Ferrandino Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery,Duke Prostate Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

Robert S. Figenshau Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine,St. Louis, MO, USA

David S. Finley UCLA Department of Urology, Clark Urology Center, LosAngeles, CA, USA

John M. Fitzpatrick Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae UniversityHospital, Dublin, Ireland

Thomas Frede Department of Urology, Helios-Kliniken, Müllheim, Germany

Andrea Gallina Department of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University,Milano, Italy

Prasanna Sooriakumaran ACMI Corp. Endourological Society Fellow, JamesBuchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Cornell MedicalCollege, Institute for Prostate Cancer, Lefrak Center of Robotic Surgery, New YorkPresbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Gagan Gautam Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of ChicagoMedical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

Matthew T. Gettman Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

Ahmed Ghazi Division of Laparoscopy and Robotic Surgery, Universityof Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

David A. Gilley Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis, IN, USA

Rita Gobet Leitende Aerztin für Kinderurologie, Universitäts-Kinderspital, Zurich,Switzerland

Ali Serdar Gözen Department of Urology, SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn, Universityof Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

Sonal Grover Lefrak Center of Robotic Surgery and Prostate Cancer Institute,Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of CornellUniversity, New York, NY, USA

Khurshid A. Guru Urologic Oncology Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo,NY, USA

Gabriel P. Haas Astellas Global Development, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA

Matthew H. Hayn Urologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo,NY, USA

Ashok K. Hemal Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institutefor Regenerative Medicine, Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Baptist

xvi Contributors

Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake ForestUniversity Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Elias Hyams Department of Urology, Langone Medical Center, New YorkUniversity, New York, NY, USA

A. Karim Kader Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Centerfor Cancer Genomics, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Ty T. Higuchi Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

Santiago Horgan Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of California San Diego,San Diego, CA, USA

Abolfazl Hosseini Section of Urology, Department of Molecular Medicineand Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

J. Hubert Department of Urology, University Hospital of Nancy, CHUNancy – Brabois Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France

Martin N. Jonsson Section of Urology, Department of Molecular Medicineand Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Jean Joseph Section of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, University ofRochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

Mark H. Katz Urology, Boston School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

Sanjeev A. Kaul Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Children’sHospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA

Kirk A. Keegan Urology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

Yoshiyuki Kojima Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City UniversityGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Rajeev Kumar Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,New Delhi, India

M. Ladrière Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Nancy, CHUNancy – Brabois Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France

David I. Lee Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA, USA

John B. Malcolm Eastern Virginia Medical School/Urology of Virginia, Norfolk,VA, USA

Barry B. McGuire Department of Urology, Mater Misericordiae UniversityHospital, Dublin, Ireland

Ben R. McHone Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NationalInstitutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

Pierre Mendoza Department of Urology, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Mani Menon Professor of Urology, Columbia University, New York Director,Menon-Vattikuti Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, USA

Contributors xvii

Francesco Montorsi Department of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano,Italy

Michael E. Moran Southwestern Urology, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department ofUrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; American UrologicalAssociation’s William P. Didusch Center for Urologic History, Linthicum,MD, USA

Alexander Mottrie Urology Department, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst,Belgium

Phillip Mucksavage University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia,PA, USA

Patrick Mufarrij Department of Urology, Langone Medical Center, New YorkUniversity, New York, NY, USA

Vinod Narra Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA

David E. Neal Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, AddenbrookesHospital, Cambridge, UK

Rafael Nuñez-Nateras Mayo Clinic, Department of Urology, Phoenix, AZ, USA

Michael A. Olympio Departments of Anesthesiology and Urology, BaptistMedical Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Kenneth J. Palmer Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University ofCentral Florida, Florida, USA

Manish N. Patel Department of Robotic Urologic Surgery, Vattikuti UrologyInstitute, Detroit, MI, USA

Vipul R. Patel Global Robotics Institute, Celebration Health/Florida Hospital,Celebration, FL, USA

James O. Peabody Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, HenryFord Health System, Detroit, MI, USA

Craig A. Peters Division of Surgical Innovation, Technology and Translation,Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s NationalMedical Center, Washington, DC, USA

Peter A. Pinto Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NationalInstitutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

Raj S. Pruthi Division of Urologic Surgery, The University of North Carolinaat Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

Jens Rassweiler Urologische Klinik, SLK Klinikens, Heilbronn, Germany

Jamil Rehman Urology, SUNY-Stony Brook University/Brandon RegionalHospital, Centereach, New York, USA

Chad R. Ritch Department of Urology, Columbia University MedicalCenter – New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA

Charles-Henry Rochat Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery Center, ClinicGenerale Beaulieu, Geneva, Switzerland

xviii Contributors

Craig G. Rogers Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI,USA

Leticia Ruiz Department of Urology, Social Security Metropolitan Hospital,Panama, Republic of Panama

Andrea Salonia Urology Department, Vita-Salute San Raffaele,Milano, Italy

Mattia N. Sangalli Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw (OLV) Clinic,Aalst, Belgium

Peter Schatteman Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw (OLV) Clinic,Aalst, Belgium

Paul F. Schellhammer Sentara Medical Group, Eastern Virginia Medical School,Urology of Virginia, Norfolk, VA, USA

Martin C. Schumacher Section of Urology, Department of Molecular Medicineand Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Usha Seshadri-Kreaden Department of Clinical Affairs, Intuitive Surgical,Sunnyvale, CA, USA

Nimish C. Shah Department of Urology, Cambridge Urology, Cambridge, UK

Arieh L. Shalhav University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

Saurabh Sharma Department of Urology, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Mark S. Shimko Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

Sameer Siddiqui Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit,MI, USA

Iqbal Singh Department of Urology, Clinical Instructor, Urology, Wake ForestBaptist Medical Centre, Wake Forest University Medical School, Winston-Salem,NC, USA

Michael Stifelman Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York,NY, USA

Dan Stoianovici Urology Robotics Laboratory, James Buchannan BradyUrological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Nazareno Suardi Urology Department, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

Yinghao Sun Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, China

Chandru P. Sundaram Department of Urology, Indiana University Schoolof Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

Gyung Tak Sung Department of Urology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan,South Korea

Atsushi Takenaka Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate Schoolof Medicine, Kobe, Japan

Contributors xix

Gerald Y. Tan Lefrak Center of Robotic Surgery and Prostate Cancer Institute,Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of CornellUniversity, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital,Singapore, Singapore

Dogu Teber Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg,Germany

Ashutosh K. Tewari Lefrak Center of Robotic Surgery and Prostate CancerInstitute, Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Medical College ofCornell University, New York, NY, USA

Raju Thomas Department of Urology, Center for Minimally Invasive and RoboticSurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

Kari J. Thompson Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Universityof California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

Matthew E. Nielsen Department of Urologic Surgery, University of NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

Pankaj Wadhwa Department of Urology, RG Stone Urology and LaparoscopyHospital, B-1, Vishal Enclave, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi, India

Eric M. Wallen Division of Urologic Surgery, The University of North Carolinaat Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

David S. Wang Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

N. Peter Wiklund Department of Urologic Surgery, Karolinska UniversityHospital, Stokholm, Sweden

Howard N. Winfield Division of Robotic and Minimally Invasive Surgery,Department of Urology, DCH Regional Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

Michael E. Woods Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood,IL, USA

Kevin C. Zorn Department of Urology, Division of Robotic Surgery, University ofMontreal Medical Center, Montreal, QC, Canada