Manuel F. M. Costa Fernando Ribeiro Robotics An introduction Universidade do Minho PORTUGAL Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics” Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics” Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta March 31st, 2007 March 31st, 2007 The AESTIT Comenius 2.1 project no. 226381-CP-1-2005-1-GR-COMENIUS-C21
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Manuel F. M. CostaFernando Ribeiro
RoboticsAn introduction
Universidade do MinhoPORTUGAL
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
March 31st, 2007March 31st, 2007
The AESTIT Comenius 2.1 project no. 226381-CP-1-2005-1-GR-COMENIUS-C21
Fernando Ribeiro
Introduction Introduction
From many centuries man creates mechanisms to imitate parts of the human body. Technological development lead to significant improvements. The most recent ones are called..ROBOTS.
Há séculos que as pessoas vêm criando mecanismos para imitar partes do corpo humano. Estes mecanismos têm vindo a ser melhorados através dos tempos com o desenvolvimento da tecnologia. Os mais recentes são chamados Robôs.
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
AgendaAgenda
● História da Robótica● Desenvolvimentos na tecnologia● Definições de Robô e Robótica● Descrição de uma célula● Robôs inovadores● Aplicações práticas existentes
IndústriaLaboratóriosControlo remotoAgriculturaEspaçoSubmersíveisEducaçãoPara deficientesDe serviços
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
HistoryHistory5,000 BC The abacus, which resembles the arithmetic unit of a modern computer, is developed in the Orient.
3000-700 BC Water clocks are built in China in 3000 BC, in Egypt 1500 BC, and in Assyria 700 BC
2500 BC Egyptians invent the idea of thinking machines: citizens turn for advice to oracles, which are statues with priests hidden inside.
400 BC Philosopher and mathematician Archytas of Tarentum built a wooden dove that could flap its wings and fly.
200 BC.In China artisans develop elaborate automata, including an entire mechanical orchestra
200 BC The Greek inventor and physicist Ctesibus ('ti sib ee uhs') of Alexandria designs water clocks that have movable figures on them. Up until then the Greeks used hour glasses that had to be turned over after all the sand ran through. In general, the Greeks were fascinated with automata of all kinds often using them in theater productions and religious ceremonies.
200 BC An Egyptian engineer improves the water clock, making it the most accurate timekeeping device for nearly 2,000 years.
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
1495 Leonardo DaVinci designs a mechanical device that looks like an armored knight. The mechanisms inside "Leonardo's robot" are designed to make the knight move as if there was a real person inside. Inventors in medieval times often built machines like "Leonardo's robot" to amuse royalty.
15?? Hans Bullmann creates the first androids - simulated people that can play musical instruments for the delight of paying customers.
1533 In his laboratory at Nuremburg, scholar Johann Müller, created an iron fly and an artificial eagle that could take to the air.
1543 In England, John Dee creates a wooden beetle that can fly.
1725 At the Heilbrunn chateau in Germany, a mechanical theatre is created featuring 119 animated figures that perform a play about village life to the accompaniment of a water-powered organ. While training as a Jesuit, Jacques Vaucanson creates flying angels which cause him to be thrown out of the order.
1737 Vaucanson creates a mechanical musician that can play 11 different tunes. He also creates an automatic duck that can drink, eat, paddle in water, digest and excrete like a real duck.
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
1801 Joseph-Marie Jacquard invents a method of controlling looms using with holes punched cards.
1833 Charles Babbage begins work on the Analytical Engine - one of the first computational machines.
1890 Nikolai Tesla creates the first remote-controlled vehicles.
1921 Czech author Karel Capek publishes the play R.U.R (Rossum's Universal Robots), in which human-like machines are create to replace human workers.
1926 Fritz Lang's movie "Metropolis" is released. "Maria" the female robot in the film is the first robot to be projected on the silver screen.
1936 Alan Turing completes his seminal paper On Computable Numbers, which paves the way for modern computers.
1942 Isaac Asimov writes Runaround in which he first sets out the three laws of robotics.
1943 Colossus, the world's first electronic computer, is built in Britain by a team of mathematicians, electrical engineers and intelligence agents to crack Nazi codes.
1945 Eniac, which set the framework for post-war mainframes, is switched on.The first Computer BUG.
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
1948-9 British robotics pioneer William Grey Walter creates autonomous machines called Elmer and Elsie that mimic lifelike behaviour with very simple circuitry.
1950 Alan Turing proposes the Turing Test to decide if a computer is exhibiting intelligent behaviour.‘I Robot’, Isaac Asimov
1954 George Devol and Joe Engleberger create the world's first industrial robots. Unimation company
1966 The Stanford Research Institute creates Shakey, the first mobile robot that can reason about its surroundings. Five years later, funding is cancelled when the shortcomings of the machine become apparent.
1973 The AI department at Edinburgh, UK, shows off Freddy II, a robot that could assemble objects automatically from a heap of parts.
1975 Victor Scheinman develops the Programmable Universal Manipulation Arm (Puma), which becomes widely used in industrial robots.
1994 A robot called Dante II, built by scientists from Carnegie Mellon, strolls around the interior of the Mount Spurr volcano in Alaska, US, collecting samples of volcanic gases as it goes.
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
1996 A robo-tuna developed by MIT scientist Michael S. Triantafyllou is tested in a water tank.Honda unveils the P-2 (prototype 2), a humanoid robot that can walk, climb stairs and carry loads.
1997 Smart computer programs become widely used on the web to ferret out information.(May) World chess champion Garry Kasparov loses to IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer.(July) Nasa's pathfinder spacecraft touches down on Mars. Soon after, it releases the Sojourner robot rover that trundles about the planet's surface carrying out science experiments for the space agency.(July) The first RoboCup football tournament is held in Nagoya, Japan.
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
1998 Cynthia Breazeal at MIT starts work on the Kismet robot, which can mimic the emotional range of a baby.Scottish hotel owner Campbell Aird is fitted with the world's first bionic arm.October Nasa launches the Deep Space 1 autonomous spacecraft which will test technologies to be used in future missions crewed and conducted solely by robots.Furby is launched.LEGO Mindstorms is launched.
1999 May Sony releases the first Aibo electronic dogs that sell out within 20 minutes of going on sale.
2000 October The UN estimates that there are 742,500 industrial robots in use worldwide. More than half of these are being used in Japan.Honda debuts new humanoid robot ASIMO.
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
● Egípcios - Braços mecânicos● Gregos - Estátuas hidráulicas
Talos, Automatic doors, Heronas’ steam engine, Air and water pumps
● Europa - Fantoches mecânicos
● Dedicados apenas a uma tarefa● Apenas para entretenimento
CaracterísticasCaracterísticas
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Desenvolvimentos da Desenvolvimentos da TecnologiaTecnologia
● Computadores electrónicos modernos● Actuadores controlados por feedback● Transmissão de movimentos através de
rodas dentadas● Tecnologia de sensores● Inteligência Artificial● Controlo remoto● Veículos subaquáticos● Robôs no espaço
Principais características● Dedicados apenas a uma tarefa● Apenas para entretenimento
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Definition of RobotDefinition of Robot
JapanAny setup that substitute the man.
Robot Institute of America (1979)“A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.”
Webster Dictionary"An automatic device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a machine in the form of a human."
McKerrowMáquina que pode ser programável para fazer uma variedade de tarefas, da mesma maneira que um computador é um circuito electrónico que pode ser programado para fazer uma variedade de tarefas.
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Robot – is a slave word that means worker or forced worker.
Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being, or through inaction allow a human being to come to harm.(Um robô não causará dano a um ser humano nem, através de omissão, permiti-lo)
Law 2: A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the first law.(Um robô deve obedecer aos seres humanos, a menos que isso viole a lei 1)
Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law.(Um robô deve proteger a sua existência, a menos que isso viole as leis 1 ou 2)
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Definition of RoboticsDefinition of Robotics
Robótica é uma disciplina que envolve:
● o design, a produção, o controlo e programação de robôs
● o uso de robôs para resolver problemas
● o estudo do processo de controlo, sensores e algorítmos usados em humanos, animais e máquinas
● a aplicação destes processos de contrôlo e algorítmos no design de robôs
Robotics is the link between perception and action. Robótica é a ligação inteligente da percepção à acção. (Brady, 1985)
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Robotic CelluleRobotic Cellule
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Mosher’s Walking TruckMosher’s Walking Truck
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
ShakeyShakey
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
WasubotWasubot
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
HopperHopper
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Hero 2000Hero 2000
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
RM3RM3
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
AGVAGV
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
AplicaçõesAplicações
● Distribuição por Aplicações (UK)● Distribuição por Indústria (UK)● Indústria● Laboratórios● Controlo remoto● Agricultura● Espaço● Submersíveis● Educação● Para deficientes● De serviços
Os Robôs são usados em muitos tipos diferentes de aplicações desde soldadores em fábricas de carros até braços controlados remotamente no ‘space shuttle’. Cada aplicação tem os seus problemas e requer por isso diferentes requisitos. Algumas dessas aplicações são aqui demonstradas e explicadas.
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Robot’ Distribuiton by Robot’ Distribuiton by Aplication (UK 1994)Aplication (UK 1994)
66
381
2055
1528
128
538
91
1677
860
176
634
385
92
234
100
330
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Not Specified
Surface Coating
Spot Welding
Arc Welding
Grinding/Deburring
Assembly
Die Casting
Injection Moulding
Machine / Press Load
Inspection / Test
Handling / Palletising
Education / Research
Hazardous / Biochem
Glueing / Sealing
Water Jet / Laser Cut
Forge/Inv.Casting/Other
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Robot’ Distribuiton in Robot’ Distribuiton in Industry (UK 1994)Industry (UK 1994)
219
3983
645
138
152
524
751
1765
59
4
4
12
8
956
55
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
AeroSpace/Shipbuild
Automotive
Electric/Electronic
Energy/Water Supply
Food/Drink/Pharm.
Mechanical Eng.
Metal Goods & Manuf.
Rubber/Plastics
Timber/Paper/Furn.
Healthcare
Ceramics/Stone
Education/R&D
Textile/Footwear/Clths
Other Industries
Not Specified
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
IndustryIndustry
● Welding– Arc Welding– Spot Welding
● Painting● Assembly lines● Mechanical work● Cut (Laser/Water)● Quality Control
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Assembly LinesAssembly Lines
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Plane’ cleanningPlane’ cleanning
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
LabsLabs
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Remote ControlRemote ControlVehiclesVehicles
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Controlo RemotoControlo Remoto
● Inspecionar dentro de vulcões● Detonadores de bombas● Aviões de reconhecimento não
pilotados● Robôs no espaço (space shuttle)● Colocação de cabos nos oceanos● Trabalho em locais impossíveis de
viver para o ser humano
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
AgricultureAgriculture
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
SpaceSpace
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
SubmersiblesSubmersibles
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
EducationEducation
● Programas educacionais usando simulação (KAREL)
● Robôs tartarugas (LOGO)● Pequenos Robôs idênticos aos
industrias (à escala) mas de baixo preço, performance e sem sensores.
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
Tasman TurtleTasman Turtle
FischertechnikFischertechnik
ScorbotScorbotRB5XRB5X
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
ResearchResearch
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
HandicapHandicap
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
ServicesServices
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
Fernando Ribeiro
… … future…future…
Manuel F. M. Costa
Training Seminar “Brief Introduction to Educational Robotics”, March 31st, 2007, Baystreet Hotel, St. Julians, Malta
The AESTIT Comenius 2.1 project no. 226381-CP-1-2005-1-GR-COMENIUS-C21
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