Roberto Capote, IAEA/NDS, Vienna, Austria

IAEA Nuclear Data: IAEA Nuclear Data: the the RReference eference IInput nput PParameter arameter LLibrary ibrary (RIPL) for nuclear reaction calculations(RIPL) for nuclear reaction calculations

Roberto Capote, IAEA/NDS, Vienna, AustriaRoberto Capote, IAEA/NDS, Vienna, Austria

SNP2008, July 8-11Athens, OH, USA

Roberto Capote, IAEA Nuclear Data SectionE-mail: [email protected]

M. Avrigeanu Inst. de Fizica si Inginerie Nucleara “Horia Hulubei”, Romania

T. Belgya Institute of Isotope and Surface Chemistry, Hungary

O. Bersillon Centre d’Etudes Nucleaires de Bruyeres-le-Chatel, France

R. Capote IAEA Nuclear Data Section

T. Fukahori Nuclear Data Center, JAEA, Japan

S. Goriely Institut d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium

Y. Han China Institute of Atomic Energy, PR China

M. Herman National Nuclear Data Center, BNL, USA

S. Hilaire DPTA/SPN, CEA/DAM Ile de France, France

A.V. Ignatyuk IPPE, Obninsk, Russian Federation

S. Kailas Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India

A. Koning Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group, The Netherlands

P. Obložinskỷ Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA

V. A. Plujko Taras Shevchenko National University, Kiev, Ukraine

E. S. Soukhovitskii Joint Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research, Belarus

P. Talou Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA

P. G. Young Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA

G. Zhigang China Institute of Atomic Energy, PR China

RIPL-II and RIPL-III participants

RIPL-III participants

http://www-nds.iaea.org/



A long time ago before RIPL …

(Recommended/any) inputs for nuclear reaction calculations ?




RIPL Background Nuclear reaction theory: sufficiently advanced to meet

most of the requirements for a number of applications Major sources of uncertainty are the input parameters

needed to perform theoretical calculations

Improve the methodology of nuclear data evaluation by increasing predictive power, accuracy and reliability of theoretical calculations by nuclear reaction model codes

RIPL Objective

Improved description of nuclear reactions, easier calculations allowing for a much better understanding




IAEA Nuclear Data Section has addressed these needs through a series of Coordinated Research Projects dedicated to the production of a Reference Input Parameter Library (RIPL)

1994 – 2008The longest running IAEA/NDS project




Reference Input Parameter Library

1994-1997: RIPL-1 starter file (http://www-nds.iaea.org/ripl/ )

Second CRP was initiated on “Nuclear Model Parameter Testing for Nuclear Data Evaluation (Reference Input Parameter Library: Phase II)”, and completed in 2003. Revision, extension and validation of the original RIPL-1 Starter File to produce a consistent RIPL-2 library of recommended input parameters.

Electronic Starter File (known as Reference Input Parameter Library-1) was developed and made available to users throughout the world in 1997 (compilation)

1998-2003: RIPL-2 database (http://www-nds.iaea.org/RIPL-2/)

Main goal: Energy applications, E<20MeV




RIPL-3 additional requirements Reactions at high energies for ADS (up to 150

MeV), production of medical radioisotopes (up to 100

MeV) and radiotherapy (up to 250 MeV)

Reactions on nuclei far from stability for ADS and

astrophysics

Charged-particle reactions for all non-energy

applications

Number of simple routines for the calculation of

basic input data from the parameters contained in the

library will be provided to reduce a risk of misusing

the parameters




Reference Input Parameter LibraryThird (and final) CRP: “Parameters for Calculation of Nuclear Reactions of Relevance to Non-Energy Nuclear Application (Reference Input Parameter Library: Phase III)” started in 2003. The project is close to completion. The update of the RIPL-2 database will be released in September 2008.

2003-2008: RIPL-3 database (http://www-nds.iaea.org/RIPL-3/)




1.- MASSESFRDM file including Audi et al. (2003) massesSkyrme HFB file (HFB-14) including Audi et al. (2003) massesSkyrme HFB spherical density distributions (HFB-14)Gogny HFB spherical density distributions (D1S)

rms(M) = 650-750 keV on 2149 (Z ≥ 8) experimental masses (Audi et al., 2003)

To be compared with

- FRDM predictions: rms(M) = 676 keV (2149 Z ≥ 8 nuclei)

- Previous HF predictions: Traditional Skyrme forces: rms(M) >> 2 MeV (120 e-e sph)

Ex. Oak Ridge "Mass Table" based on HFB with SLy4

rms(M)=4.7MeV on 570 e-e sph+def nuclei




Comparison with experimental masses (2149 nuclei: Audi, Wapstra & Thibault 2003)

-4

-2

0

2

4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

M

[M

eV]

N

M(Exp)–M(HFB-14)

HFB14 model: S. Goriely, M. Samyn, J.M. Pearson, (2007) Phys. Rev. C75, 064312




HFB14 vs. experimental data

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5

Rexp

[fm]

Rth [f

m]

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ch

[fm

-3]

r [fm]

32S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8r [fm]

208Pb

Charge radii Charge densities




10-2

10-1

100

101

102

0 50 100 150 200 250

Dth

/Dex

p

BSk9

A50 100 150 200 250

A

BSk13

Impact of the HFB pairing strength on nuclear level densities at U=Sn

HFB+combinatorial versus experimental s-wave spacings

BSk13=BSk14




0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Eco

ll [

MeV

]

2

240Pu

HFB14: A modified collective correction!! of particular relevance at large deformation --> Fission calculations !!

• a perturbative cranking correction for rotational correlations• a phenomenological correction for “vibrational” correlations

E coll b E rotcrank tanh c2

E coll b E rotcrank tanh c2

d E rotcrank exp l(2 2

0)2

rotational

rotational + vibrational




Fission barriers vs. « experimental » data

52 nuclei with Z ≥ 88

45 nucleirms = 2.0 MeV

rms = 1.2 MeV

NO “VIBRATIONAL” CORRECTION

-4-3-2-101234

B(e

xp)-

B(t

h) [

MeV

]

-4-3-2-10123

135 140 145 150 155

B(e

xp)-

B(t

h) [

MeV

]

N

Bin(Exp) – Bin(HFB)

Bout(Exp) – Bout(HFB)






-4-3-2-10123

135 140 145 150 155

B(e

xp)-

B(t

h) [

MeV

]

N

-4-3-2-101234

B(e

xp)-

B(t

h) [

MeV

]


45 nuclei

rms = 0.65MeV

rms = 0.67 MeV

WITH “VIBRATIONAL” CORRECTION

Fission barriers vs. « experimental » data




2.- DISCRETE LEVELS SCHEMEDERIVED FROM ENSDF 2005 2007

Number of nuclei processed 3020

Number of records read in 2113877

Number of levels processed 138595 135406

Number of gammas are processed 200944 203449

Number of unique spins 68858 63339

Number of unique spins with parenthesis 38912 32507

Number of spins inferred from gamma transitions 3581 4441

Number of spins inferred from spin distributions 3516 3678

Number of spins chosen from list by spin distributions 6058 6779

Number of known ICC 23184 24945

Number of newly determined ICC 117675 124328




3.- RESONANCES

D0(RIPL-2)/D0(Mug2006)s-resonance spacing




Analysis of the resonance parameters for 238UThe set of resonances at the energy region up to 20 keV contains 898 s-wave resonances, 849 p-wave resonances with J=1/2 and 1565 p-wave resonances with J=3/2 [L.Leal et al., Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Santa Fe, 2004,

p.276].




Average resonance parameters for 238U: D0, eV D1, eV S0, 10-4 S1, 10-4

1965, Gilbert-Cameron 17.70.7 -- -- --

1979, Rohr et al. 21.52.2 -- 1.02 0.16 --

1984, Mughabghab 20.91.1 7.20.4 1.20.1 1.70.3

1986, Ignatyuk et al. 21.7 0.9 7.30.5 1.150.12 1.70.5

1996, Beijing, RIPL-1 21.0 0.05 -- 0.930.06 --

2002, RIPL-2 (10 keV) 20.80.3 7.71.0 1.030.08 1.60.4

2004, Leal et al., (20 keV) -- -- 1.070.07 1.710.07

2006, Mughabghab 20.260.72 7.420.23 1.290.13 2.170.19

2007, present (20 keV) 20.20.2 7.590.05 1.020.02 1.620.05




The set of resonances at the energy region up to 6.5 keV contains 203 s-wave resonances and 196 p-wave resonances, which were inserted into the ENDF/B-VII file from the Mughabghab-2006. It is impossible to describe the PT-distributionwith Do=14.9+/-.6 eV /Mug2006/.

Analysis of the resonance parameters for 107Ag




D0, eV D1, eV S0, 10-4 S1, 10-4

1965, Gilbert-Cameron 316 -- -- --

1979, Rohr et al. 24.02.8 -- 0.41 0.13 --

1984, Mughabghab 163 -- 0.380.07 3.80.6

1986, Ignatyuk et al. 22 2 -- 0.420.05 3.80.5

1996, Beijing, RIPL-1 22.6 0.09 -- 0.540.04 --

2002, RIPL-2 22.00.4 -- 0.400.06 3.80.8

2006, Mughabghab 14.90.6 8.490.25 0.460.05 3.760.31

2007, present (B-VII) 22.40.5 9.10.6 0.470.05 2.20.3

Average resonance parameters for 107Ag




List of analyzed differences:Nucleus Mug81/84 RIPL-2 Mug06 Present

D0, eV S0 D0, eV S0 D0, eV S0 D0, eV S0

Cm-243 1.1.2 1.5.3 .75 .15 1.5.3 1.11.07 1.20.22 .69.06 1.25 .15

Am-243m .40.08 1.3.2 .40.08 1.3.2 .29.02 1.47.25 .26.06 1.3.1

Pa-232 -- -- .75.15 .65.15 .47.04 1.22.26 .48.12 .80.15

Hg-201 -- -- 9030 1.2. 5 23320 .80.19 7030 1. 3.5

Hg-198 10533 -- 10535 1.3.5 693 -- 10020 1.3.3

Dy-156 2.7.4 -- 4.81.6 1.8.4 2.7.4 3.3 1.3 2.8.3 1.8.4

Eu-152 .25.03 -- .56.10 1.4.6 .25.03 -- .35.05 1.9.5

Te-130 870140 .16.05 1500500 .2.1 1130180* .16.05 1040100* --

Te-128 26030 .25.10 740150 .2.1 1510375 .26.15 1460300 .20.07

I-129 -- -- 303 .5.1 19.01.4 .42.07 13.6.3 .35.05

I-127 9.7.8 .8.1 153 .8.2 9.7.8 .6.1 15.4.5 .71.08

Ag-107 163 .38.07 22.0.4 .40.06 14.9.6 .46.05 22.4.5 .47.05

Pd-110 9510* .40.06 15050 .25.15 33443 .47.17 28050 .30.10

Pd-106 674* .34.04 27090 .6.3 17425 .42.19 14432 .65.15




4.- OPTICAL MODEL1. Dispersive CC potentials for nucleon induced reactions

Rigid rotor: Actinides, W-Ta-Hf, Au, Mn, Rh, …Soft rotor: ZrCapote, Soukhovitskii, et al (2005-2008)Kunieda et al (2008)

2. Soft rotor CC OMPs (Soukhovitskii et al, 2004)3. Global dispersive spherical potentials

Neutrons – Morillon & Romain (2005)Protons – Li & Cai (2008)

4. OMPs for complex charged particlesAlphas, Deuteron, Tritons




DISPERSIVE OMPs

Molina, Capote, Quesada and Lozano PRC65(2002) 034616

+ Powerful CC OMP fitting code OPTMANE. Soukhovitskii, S. Chiba, et al




Dispersive Coupled Channels OMP

Dispersive coupled channel analysis of nucleon scattering from 232Th up to 200 MeV

Soukhovitskii, Capote, Quesada and Chiba, PRC72 (2005) 024604





Is a global coupled-channel dispersive optical model potential for actinides feasible?

Capote, Soukhovitskii, Quesada and Chiba, PRC72 (2005) 064210




1 10 100-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

Dietrich 2003 Guenther 1982 (shifted by -0.008) Rigid rotor DCC OMP (shifted by +0.006)

[to

t(W-1

86)

- to

t(W-1

82)]

/

{[ to

t(W-1

86)

+

tot(W

-182

)]/2

}

ENERGY [MeV]


DCC OMP for tungsten nuclides

Capote, Soukhovitskii, Quesada and Chiba, Varenna 2006; NEMEA-3




A global DCC OMP for actinidesCapote, Soukhovitskii, Quesada, Chiba and Bauge, JNST45 (2008) 333

Complete table in Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Data forScience and Technology, April 22-27, 2007, Nice, France, EDP Sciences, 2008

DCC OMPs for 31 actinides, tungsten and tantalum nuclei derived using approximated Lane consistent formulation with Coulomb corrections




Are DCC OMPs Lane consistent ?

Lane equations

DCC OMPIsospin dependence





Approximate Lane consistency of the dispersive coupled-channels potential for actinides

Capote, Soukhovitskii, Quesada and Chiba, PRC76 (2007) 057602




(3387)

(1607)

(1928)

(2748)

(3124)

(>3400)

SOFT ROTOR COUPLED SCHEME (7 levels)

--

NUDAT v 2.4

Zr-90 DCCOMP based on soft rotor




DCC OMP - soft rotor couplings

n + 90Zr

Soukhovitskii, Capote, Quesada and Chiba, Unpublished




n + 90Zr p + 90Zr

DCC OMP - soft rotor couplingsSoukhovitskii, Capote, Quesada and Chiba, Unpublished




5.- LEVEL DENSITIESBased on OBSERVABLES:RIPL-3 discrete levels (2) and Neutron resonances (3)







A NEW global combinatorial NLD formulaS. Hilaire & S.Goriely (2007)

• Particle-hole as well as total parity-, spin- and E-dependent NLD• Deviation from the statistical limit at low energies (discrete counting)

50 100 150 200 25010-2

10-1

100

101

102

A

Dex

p / D

th

http://www-astro.ulb.ac.be/Html/nld_comb_ph.html

292 exp. D0

frms=2.30

s-wavep-wave




-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

50 100 150 200 250

A

-4

-2

0

2

4

50 100 150 200 250

[M

eV]

A

Renormalization factors to reproduce D0 and cumulative levels

renorm (U) e U HFB(U )




HFB LD vs OSLO data




Defined local and global systematicsUnpublished (Koning, Hilaire, Goriely)

Impact of LDs on cross section calculations




6.- GAMMA RAY STRENGTH FUNCTIONSLorentzian, EGLO, MLO, SMLO, QRPA-HFB14

(See V. Plujko presentation tomorrow)

The E1 gamma-decay strength function on 144Nd for U=Bn

The E1 photoabsorption cross section on 144Nd




Comparison of the photoabsorptioncross section calculations on 40Cawith exp.data (V.A. Erokhova et al

Izvestiya RAN. Seriya Fiz. 67 (2003) 1479)

Panel (a) shows calculations withGDR parameters from systematics(RIPL); (b) - calculations withGDR parameters obtained fromfitting the exp. data.

HFB-QRPA is microscopicapproach given by S.Goriely et al.

MSA - semi classical methodproposed by V.Abrosimov,O.Davidoskaya.




Comparison of the photoabsorption cross sections on 208Pb. Panel b shows the low-energy part of the cross sections. Experimental data are taken from A. Veyssiere, H. Beil, R. Bergere, P. Carlos, A. Lepretre, Nucl.

Phys. A159 (1970) 561 in panel a and from V.V. Varlamov, M.E. Stepanov, V.V. Chesnokov, Izvestiya RAN. Seriya Fiz. 67

(2003) 656. in panel b. The SLO parameters are taken from the RIPL-2 library.




7.- FISSION



-4-3-2-10123

135 140 145 150 155

B(e

xp)-

B(t

h) [

MeV

]

N

-4-3-2-101234

B(e

xp)-

B(t

h) [

MeV

]


45 nuclei

rms = 0.65MeV

rms = 0.67 MeV

HFB14 fission barriers vs. « experimental » data




0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

U235

U236

U237

U238

U239

U240

E-E

GS [

MeV

]

2

The U isotopes

Projection of the static path along the quadrupole deformation parameter 2

HFB14

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Cm242Cm243Cm244Cm245Cm246

Cm247Cm248Cm249Cm250Cm251

E-E

GS [

MeV

]

2

The Cm isotopes




0

2

4

6

8

10

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Cm270Cm272Cm274Cm276Cm278Cm280

E-E

GS [

MeV

]

2

280Cm: N=184 shell closure

The Cm isotopes in the very n-rich region: 270 ≤ A ≤ 280




NEW EMPIRE VERSION 3.0




IMPROVED FISSION MODELLING:BARRIERS + WELLS (absorption)




original HFB

normalized HFB

Z A Va Vb Vc gs ags

92 234 5.043 5.975 2.270 0.490 0.545

92 235 5.391 6.273 - 0.128 0.035

92 236 5.517 6.029 - 0.609 0.498

Z A Va Vb Vc gs ags sdl asdl

92 234 5.440 5.975 2.270 0.490 0.545 0.00 0.00

92 235 5.545 5.800 - 0.400 -0.080 0.00 0.00

92 236 5.517 6.029 - 0.609 0.498 0.00 0.00

RIPL-2Z A Va Vb

92 234

92 235 5.250 6.000

92 236 5.000 5.670

235U(n,f)




238U(n,f)RIPL-2

Z A Va Vb

92 237 6.400 6.150

92 238 6.300 5.500

92 239 6.450 6.000

original HFB Z A Va Vb Vc gs ags

92 237 5.553 6.413 4.219 0.253 0.201

92 238 5.928 6.477 3.808 0.149 0.480

92 239 5.990 6.542 3.681 0.371 0.538

normalized HFBZ A Va Vb Vc gs ags sdl asdl

92 237 5.925 5.935 4.219 0.253 0.201 0.00 0.00

92 238 5.802 6.172 3.745 0.149 0.480 0.00 0.00

92 239 6.074 6.068 3.681 0.371 0.538 0.00 0.00




238Pu(n,f)RIPL-2

Z A Va Vb

94 237 5.545 5.065

94 238 5.960 5.243

94 239 5.963 5.331

original HFB

normalized HFB

Z A Va Vb gs ags

94 237 5.545 5.065 0.000 0.134

94 238 5.960 5.243 0.000 0.400

94 239 5.963 5.331 0.450 0.182

Z A Va Vb gs ags sdl asdl

94 237 5.349 5.065 0.000 0.134 0.00 0.00

94 238 5.960 5.243 0.000 1.200 0.00 0.00

94 239 6.050 5.840 1.000 1.600 0.00 0.00




CONCLUDING REMARKSOver many years, IAEA staff within the Nuclear Data Section have successfully initiated and overseen the completion of various projects dedicated to satisfying a wide range of user demands for enhancements in the quantification and quality of neutron reaction cross sections.

RIPL-4 hopefully will contain SMMC level densities

The RIPL-3 database represents considerable advancements in the adoption and use of evaluated and highly credible nuclear data both for energy and non-energy applications

One of the most significant database developments have involved important advances in the evolution of a complete and consistent set of input parameters for the calculation of a wide range of nuclear reactions.

Efforts will continue to develop this database further, and monitor all studies that impact and could possibly improve their contents.




RIPL

Experimental data: masses, discrete levels, deformations

Model parameters: OMP, NLD, gamma, fission,etc.

FINAL GOAL: EVALUATION (ENDF-6 formatted file)or NUCLEAR REACTION CALCULATION

Nuclear Data Production

EMPIRE 2.19 (BNL/IAEA) / TALYS (NRG) / GNASH (LANL)




LD: IBM collective states

R. Capote, A. Ventura, F. Cannata , J.M. Quesada, Phys Rev C71, 064320 (2005)“Level densities of transitional Sm nuclei” (Monte Carlo combinatorial + IBM coll)




LD: IBM collective states

R. Capote, A. Ventura, F. Cannata , J.M. Quesada, Phys Rev C71, 064320 (2005)“Level densities of transitional Sm nuclei”


Roberto Capote, IAEA/NDS, Vienna, Austria

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