Organization Behaviour Introduction
Organizational Behavior
A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
importance of OBimportance of OBRoad map to our lives in organizationsHelps us understand and predict organizational lifeInfluences events in organizationsHelps understand self and others betterHelps a manager get things done betterHelps maintain cordial relationsHelps in career planning and development
The organisational icebergThe organisational iceberg
SourceSource: Don Hellriegel, John W. Slocum, Jr and Richard W. Woodman, : Don Hellriegel, John W. Slocum, Jr and Richard W. Woodman, OOrganizational Behavior, rganizational Behavior, Eighth edition, South-Western Publishing © (1998), p.6. Reprinted with the permission of South-Eighth edition, South-Western Publishing © (1998), p.6. Reprinted with the permission of South-
Western, a division of Thomson Learning: www.thomsonrights.com. Fax 800 730 2215.Western, a division of Thomson Learning: www.thomsonrights.com. Fax 800 730 2215.
Figure 2.3
What sinks a ship isn’t always What sinks a ship isn’t always what sailors can see, but what what sailors can see, but what they can’t see.they can’t see.
Contributing Disciplines
Many behavioral sciences have contributed to the development ofOrganizationalBehavior
Psychology
The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.
Unit of Analysis:– Individual
Contributions to OB:– Learning, motivation, personality, emotions, perception– Training, leadership effectiveness, job satisfaction– Individual decision making, performance appraisal attitude
measurement– Employee selection, work design, and work stress
Social Psychology
An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.
Unit of Analysis:– Group
Contributions to OB:– Behavioral change– Attitude change– Communication– Group processes– Group decision making
Sociology
Unit of Analysis:-- Organizational System
Contributions to OB:– Group dynamics– Work teams– Communication– Power– Conflict– Intergroup behavior
-- Group
– Formal organization theory– Organizational technology– Organizational change– Organizational culture
The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.
Anthropology
Unit of Analysis:-- Organizational System
Contributions to OB:– Organizational culture– Organizational environment
-- Group
– Comparative values– Comparative attitudes– Cross-cultural analysis
The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
BASIC NATURE OB applies the scientific method to practical
managerial problems. Focuses on 3 levels of analysis-individuals,groups and
organization Multidisciplinary in nature Recognizes dynamic nature of organizations OB assumes there is no “one best “ approach
Challenges and Opportunities for OB
Responding to Globalization
Managing Workforce Diversity
Managing ethical behaviour
Improving Quality and Productivity
Improving Customer Service
Improving People Skills
Stimulating Innovation and Change
Helping Employees Balance Work-Life Conflicts
Creating a Positive Work Environment
Responding to Globalization
Increased foreign
assignments
Working with people from
different culture
Managing people during the
war on terror
Managing Workforce Diversity
The people in organizations are becoming more heterogeneous demographically– Embracing diversity– Changing demographics– Changing management philosophy – Recognizing and responding to differences
Autocratic Custodial Supportive Collegial
Model dependson
Power Economic resources
Leadership Partnership
Managerial orientation
Authority Money Support Teamwork
Employee orientation
Obedience Security Job Responsibility
Employee psychological result
Dependence on boss
Dependence on organization
Participation Self- discipline
Employees needs met
Subsistence Maintenance Higher-order Self-actualization
Performance result
Minimum Passive cooperation
Awakened drives
Moderate enthusiasm