Roads to Revolution, 1750-1776 AP US History East High School Mr. Peterson Fall 2010.

Roads to Revolution, 1750-1776

AP US HistoryEast High School

Mr. PetersonFall 2010

Triumph and Tensions: The British Empire, 1750-1763

A Fragile Peace, 1750-1754

George Washington sent to persuade French to leave Ohio Valley

Forced to return home

Mohawks angry at New Yorkers for encroaching on land

Albany Plan of UnionProposed by Benjamin Franklin

Rejected by all colonies who attended

Reluctance to even establish a colonial postal service

Divided Colonies

“Fire and water are no more heterogeneous than the different colonies in North America.” -an English traveler

“Everyone cries, a union is necessary,

but when they come to the manner

and form of the union, their weak noodles

are perfectly distracted.” -Benjamin Franklin

The Seven Years’ War in America, 1754-1760

Friction and conflict between New France and English colonies in the Ohio Valley

English defeated at Fort Duquesne

French threaten New York and New England

Most Iroquois abandon French

Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg captured French driven from NY, Quebec falls

French resistance ends, Montreal falls

Map 5-1, p. 124

Map 5-2, p. 125

The End of French North America, 1760-1763

France gives up all land east of Mississippi R., except New Orleans

Spain cedes Florida to British

Acadians ordered to swear loyalty or be removed

Move to Louisiana (Cajuns)

p. 125

Anglo-American Friction

Tension between British officers and colonial troops

Quakers refused to fund war

New York and Massachusetts oppose quartering troops

Huge war financial burden-both British and colonists

George III ascends to throne in 1760• Destabilized politics

p. 126

Frontier Tensions

Americans move across AppalachiansPontiac’s War (1763)

Proclamation of 1763No English expansion west of Appalachian crest

10,000 British soldiers in former French forts

p. 125

p. 127

Imperial Authority, Colonial Opposition, 1760-1766

Writs of Assistance, 1760-1761

Massachusetts governor authorizes seizure of illegal goods

James Otis argues writs unconstitutional• Challenge to Parliament’s authority

• “an act against the Constitution is void”

• Lost in Massachusetts Supreme Court

p. 134

The Sugar Act, 1764

Amended the Molasses Act of 1733Attempt to end smuggling and bribery

Sought to raise revenue, external tax

Ignored British rules for a fair trial

Enforced vigorously by British Navy

End of period of salutary neglect

p. 131

The Stamp Act Crisis, 1765-1766

Special stamps required on almost all documents, newspapers, playing cards

Internal tax designed to raise revenue

Debate over representation• “Virtual” vs. “direct”

Strong oppositionPatrick Henry

Sons of Liberty

Stamp Act Congress

“Trumpet of sedition”Young aristocrats in VA House of Burgesses

Patrick Henry• Implies that King George III could lose his head

• “If this be treason, make the most of it.”

“Virginia Resolves”Virginians should only pay taxes voted on by Virginia assembly

Anyone supporting right of Parliament to tax is an enemy of Virginia

Declaratory Act

Stamp Act repealed

Parliament declares the power to legislate for colonies

“in all cases whatsoever”

Ideology, Religion, and Resistance

John Locke“state of nature,” “natural rights,” “social contract”

Right to overthrow government

Resistance shows up in sermons“protect God-given liberty”

Clergy exerts great influence

“Wilkes and Liberty,” 1768-1770

John WilkesMP

Leader of pro-American forces in Parliament

Arrest leads to conflict• “massacre of St. George’s Fields”

Edmund Burke and William Pitt also opposed British approach

p. 139

Women and Colonial Resistance

Boycotts of British goods

Daughters of Liberty

Denounced tax on teaStopped drinking tea

Found alternatives

p. 140

The Deepening Crisis, 1770-1774

The Boston Massacre, 1770

Bostonian resentment of British authority

British soldiers fire into crowd

5 colonists killed

Crispus Attucks among killed

John Adams serves as attorney for British soldiers

All but 2 acquitted

The Committees of Correspondence, 1772-1773

Exchange information and coordinate activities to defend colonial rights

First attempt to maintain close and continuing political cooperation

Started by Samuel Adams

Extended to VirginiaPatrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, Richard Henry Lee

Conflicts in the Backcountry

The Paxton Boys-1763Protest colonial taxes

Ask for help against Indians

Regulator Movement-1771

Resistance to high taxes in Carolina upcountry

Small-scale civil war

The Tea Act, 1773

Eliminated duties on English teaHelp British East India Tea Company

Would raise revenue

Committees of correspondence protest, threaten tax collectors

Samuel Adams and John Hancock ask form ship with tea to depart Boston Harbor

Boston Tea Party

p. 143

Toward Independence, 1774-1776

Liberty for African Americans

Lord Dunmore’s ProclamationAttempt to undermine planter society

Promote slave insurrection

Offer for freedom if slaves joined British army or navy

• “Liberty to Slaves”

p. 145

The “Intolerable Acts”

Four “Coercive Acts”Boston Port Bill

Massachusetts Government Act

Administration of Justice Act

Quartering Act

Quebec Act

The First Continental Congress

56 delegates to Philadelphia

Suffolk ResolvesNot bound by Coercive Acts

Call for King to dismiss ministers responsible

Defensive measures

Call to boycott British goods

Division in Congress

From Resistance to Rebellion

Resistance strengthenedBattle at Lexington and Concord

Minutemen fight British

20,000 New Englanders besiege British in Boston

Second Continental Congress Sends Olive Branch Petition to King

Establishes Continental Army under George Washington

Common Sense

Thomas Paine writes pamphletKing was “royal brute”

New kind of nation without king

Republican principles

“a landflood that sweeps all before it”

Dissolved lingering allegiance to king, removing last barrier to independence

Declaring Independence

Reconciliation unlikely

Committee of 5John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson

King’s “direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states”

“pursuit of happiness” in place of property

Framed in universal terms

Roads to Revolution, 1750-1776

AP US HistoryEast High School

Mr. PetersonFall 2010