A505 A449 A406 A921 A38 A30 A71 A629 A51 A429 A350 A4 A39 A487 A477 A40 A44 A487 A361 A39 A377 A35 A35 A37 A30 A303 A38 A361 A376 A354 A35 A31 A354 A350 A338 A354 A36 A350 A338 A338 A4 A37 A403 A37 A46 A36 A49 A40 A48 A44 A4103 A49 A456 A448 A442 A442 A40 A429 A417 A422 A458 A40 A465 A479 A483 A470 A470 A483 A433 A44 A449 A449 A36 A470 A5 A41 A487 A5 A5 A5 A53 A53 A49 A470 A483 A494 A51 A51 A41 A449 A533 A57 A518 A34 A518 A52 A623 A6 A53 A6 A58 A31 A339 A33 A26 A259 A22 A259 A21 A26 A40 A41 A316 A22 A24 A23 A205 A10 A120 A10 A505 A428 A143 A134 A1066 A140 A12 A143 A120 A131 A414 A130 A131 A141 A142 A10 A11 A11 A1065 A508 A428 A605 A5 A146 A1065 A47 A148 A140 A143 A148 A17 A134 A10 A47 A47 A1101 A151 A15 A15 A52 A52 A16 A1121 A43 A158 A16 A15 A17 A607 A606 A606 A6 A453 A46 A614 A38 A57 A52 A60 A617 A A47 A6 A6 A444 A52 A420 A44 A5 A 6 0 0 3 A142 A631 A16 A631 A57 A156 A61 A629 A616 A159 A165 A166 A170 A64 A696 A1068 691 A167 A61 A61 A172 A171 A1 A68 A688 A46 A160 A18 A6 A165 A614 A63 A614 A1079 A19 A65 A661 A646 A59 A658 A19 A7 A69 A595 A596 A66 A 590 A591 A65 585 83 A59 A570 A666 A 6 7 7 A682 A15 A 4 8 7 A6 A49 A44 A429 A413 A435 A685 A515 A537 A68 A68 A69 A46 A470 A 556 A689 A494 A96 A82 A86 A1 A9 A985 A84 A83 A85 A828 A82 A83 A82 A702 A76 A889 A887 A87 A87 A86 A830 A835 A75 A77 A701 A7 A9 A9 A82 A82 A9 A9 A68 A68 A40 A 689 A595 A595 A56 A6068 A59 A1035 A164 A19 A1028 A158 A52 A60 A619 A54 A536 A54 A49 A534 A515 A523 A509 A509 A6 A4 A454 A386 A 272 A272 A283 A229 A28 A28 A78 A66 A76 A75 A75 A85 A635 A63 A470 A470 A483 A59 58 A120 A427 A458 A610 A232 A465 A508 A683 A3 A614 A 6 097 A16 A228 A361 A470 A489 A180 A16 A350 A133 A1079 A27 A43 A 6 102 A9 A90 A4 1 77 A96 A96 A17 A141 A47 A49 A458 A171 A5 A458 A483 A65 87 A6 A737 A423 25 A452 A25 28 A642 A355 A82 A68 A1 511 A607 A394 A390 A30 A38 A39 A386 A385 A386 A39 A391 A395 A388 A30 A39 A602 A45 A46 A46 A835 A66 A83 A39 A4232 A59 A650 A303 A418 A134 A 692 A90 A92 A530 A346 A392 A85 A346 A614 A7 A6091 A6 A684 A438 A438 A44 A4112 A44 A44 A22 A619 A4137 A470 A421 A4421 A46 A5 A500 A140 A2070 A1 1 2 2 A47 A41 A697 A71 A260 A45 A64 A58 A811 A811 A91 A91 A91 A697 A816 A70 A71 A721 A721 A72 A72 A703 A7 A915 A93 A93 A93 A93 A92 A92 A95 A941 A98 A98 A952 A977 A368 A354 A 4010 A A 591 A73 6033 A A A30 A30 A38 A380 A30 A303 A303 A35 A31 A388 A303 A27 A3 A3 A31 A27 A27 A23 A24 A24 A21 A2 A256 A299 A249 A2 A20 A13 A12 A127 A130 A12 A12 A12 A14 A14 A14 A12 A47 A11 A11 A14 A14 A421 A414 A10 A1 A12 A40 A322 A34 A470 A449 A4042 A48 A40 A419 A34 A34 A43 A46 A46 A14 A14 A45 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A465 A48 A40 A38 A55 A55 A55 A55 A41 A483 A5 A5 A4146 A41 A38 A38 A50 A50 A50 A52 A6 A46 A46 A46 A42 A1139 A47 A580 A63 A15 A565 A56 A61 A19 A19 A66 A168 A689 A19 A66 A66 A595 A69 A690 A189 A19 A1 A1 A1 A720 A90 A92 A92 A90 A90 A90 A90 A90 A96 A9 A9 A8 A8 A77 A78 A45 A37 A483 A34 A34 A51 A513 A59 A64 38 A628 A630 A170 A64 A165 A76 A702 A39 A39 A5 A595 A5092 A6116 A19 M4 M32 M67 M56 M876 M49 A48(M) A3(M) A329 M5 M271 M5 M3 M27 M27 M275 M23 M25 M25 M20 M26 M20 M2 M3 M4 M25 M25 M25 M1 M40 M4 M4 M4 M48 M4 M4 M5 M5 M5 M50 M40 M42 M1 M1 M1 M1 M1 M1 A1(M) M11 A1(M) A1(M) A1(M) A1(M) A1(M) M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 M45 M69 M42 M6 Toll M54 M56 M53 M60 M62 M57 M58 M60 M62 M61 M66 M55 M65 M62 M62 M180 M18 M77 M74 M74(M) M73 M80 M8 M8 M8 M9 M9 M80 M90 M90 43 44 42 40 41 39 38 36 35a 35 34 33 4 3 10 13 12 31 1a 8 32 1 7 22 27 40 24 28 2 1 26 21 6 41 38 39 30 31 33 32 34 35 38 36 37 5 4 3 4 2 5 32 31 1 33 34 2 36 35 5 3 12 11 21 10 11 1 18 17 24 3 2 20 19 5 6 6 1 3 6 7 2 23 3 7 26 5 27 4 10 5 4 11 10 12 14 19 18 17 30 29 25 26 27 28 16 15 7 5 4 6 14 3 13 12 11 1 2 11 22 24 23 2 1 1 20 21 3 2 1 5 6 4 3 10 8 9 10 6 7 9 6 5 4a 4 2 3 3a 4 15 12 18 16 15 11 12 8 10 13 12 14 10 11 2 3 4 8 9 1 7 49 48 45 47 44 13 11 9 6 25 22 8 6 5 20 4 7 9 11 10 7 8 2 30 29 28 1 7 5 6 1 4a 13 1 4 2 4 15 3 13 12 10 5 15 16 14 3 2 119 2 16 17 17 18 14 1 20 19 24 23a 28 27 26 32 37 40 36 34 35 33 22 21 6 7 11 5 4 3 10 11 8 6 2a 3 4 7 5 4 4 6 8 9 6 2 5 3 7 12 10 11 9 10 2 3 9 5 25 26 24 23 30 27 28 1 8 7 1 9 11 31 37 28 3 18 17 24 5 26 8 6 9 2 11 9 1 4 6 2 5 11 10 9 3 7 7 6 5 1 4 5 31 30 1 29 10 26 19 17 1/13 5 4 5 6 6 8 3 4 8 9 6 22 9 10 11 15a 4a 13 13 30 3 42 43 17 11 9a 6 2 1 20 63 64 56 58 59 60 61 62 38 37 36 22 37 12 2 1 41 19 2 3a 5 4 3 15 21a 29 42 19 4b 16 1a 23 1 12 2 78 27 6 5 3 2 15 44 46 47 45 47 29 92 2a 1 10a 48 49 1 29 1 9b 89 16 17 16 6 23 2a 11a 46 12 T6 T4 T3 T1 8a 30 1 11 9 23 1 35a 3 7 5 3 25 14 16 27 1 3 5 24 1 25 11/15 87 2 7 4a 8 5 10a 1 16 14 13 19 17 13 14 9 10 12 87 7 19 21 3 5 2 21 4 3 29 29a 39 38 8 9 5 2 3 12 10 14 4 10 8 7 8 1a 6 3 2 2 8 34 22 25 7 9 10 11 12 5 20 23a 10 5 7 11a 18 31a 14 14 21a 65 57 23 4 18 18a 21 34 9 3 4 2 10a 2a 4 21 43 48 3 43 24a 25 2 15 14 13 11a T8 T7 T5 T2 8a L 25 46 42 6 31 5 7 8 40 7a 29a 25a 15 20 45 44 2245 2 4/1 8/2 Severn R R Trent R Tweed Lomond Loch Ness Loch R Stour R Avon R Avon Rother R Usk Tywi Afon Teifi Afon R Severn R Nene Little Ouse R R Stour Deben R Alde Yare R Yare R Bure Ribble R Ouse R Aire R Esk Tees R Lune R Derwent R R Annan R Teviot R Tweed R Fal R Allen R Dart Trent Conwy R R N orth Tyne R S o u t h Tyne Wear Cree R R Dee R Esk R T a mar R Taw R Torridge R Avo n R Test R Arun R Wye R Thames R Dee R W elland R Earn R Garry R Tay R Lyon R Teith R Spean River Dee R Moriston R Glass R B e a uly R Farrar Spey River River R R Nairn R Oykel R Derwent R Exe or Isis R Medway Great Stour R Nene R W ye/ AGwy R Taff Afon Witham R Ullswater Wast Water Kielder Water Loch Tay Loch Awe Loch Shin Loch Ericht L Earn Loch Mullardoch Loch Loch Quoich Loch Maree Fionn Loch Loch Fannich Loch Monar Loch Morar Lo Langa Rannoch W i n d e r m e re Loch Eil Arkaig R Eden Loch Katrine Loch Leven Loch Tay Don R W ensum R G r e a t Ouse Loch Lochy Loch Shiel Loch Carron Black R Carron R Shin L Broom R B l a c k w ater R R W a v ene y R R R Loch Ken Clatteringshaws Loch Loch Doon R Spey R Tummel R Forth Clyde R R Nith R Camel Wt R Tyne Lo c h Sunart Loch Treig Loch Leven L Lyon L Avich Loch Cluanie Loch Sìophort R F r o me Dyfi Afon Llyn Celyn Llyn Tegid R Coniston Water R L ea DARTMOOR EXMOOR Mendip Hills Quantock Hills Cranborne Chase & North Wessex Downs The Cotswolds Malvern Hills Wye Valley Shropshire Hills Gower BRECON BEACONS SNOWDONIA Clwydian Range Lleyn Anglesey PEAK DISTRICT NEW FOREST High Weald The Chilterns Dedham Suffolk Coast and Heaths THE BROADS Norfolk Coast Kent Downs Northumberland Coast NORTHUMBERLAND Solway Coast LAKE DISTRICT Forest of Bowland YORKSHIRE DALES North Pennines NORTH YORK MOORS Howardian Hills Scarba, Lunga & The Garvellachs Kyles of Bute North Arran Jura Knapdale Upper Tweeddale Eildon & Leaderfoot GALLOWAY Nith Estuary Fleet Valley South Lewis,Harris & North Uist South Uist Machair Assynt- Coigach Dornoch Firth Wester Ross Trotternish Kintail Glen Affric Knoydart Cuillin Hills The Small Isles Morar,Moidart & Ardnamurchan Loch na Keal Lynn of Lorn Ben Nevis & Glen Coe Loch Rannoch & Glen Lyon Loch Tummel R Tay R Earn (Comrie to St Fillans) Lincolnshire Wolds Tamar Nidderdale TAY LOCH LOMOND & THE TROSSACHS Bodmin Moor Vale Dorset Loch Shiel Blackdown Hills East Devon North Devon Cornwall Cornwall South Devon Cornwall Cornwall CAIRNGORMS National Forest Cannock Chase Surrey Hills SOUTH DOWNS West Wiltshire Downs Penzance Helston Falmouth Redruth Newquay Truro Bodmin St Austell Wadebridge Liskeard Tavistock Exmouth Dover Lewes Newhaven East Grinstead Petersfield Ringwood Dorchester Blandford Forum Honiton Okehampton Bideford Barnstaple Bude Launceston Port Talbot Glastonbury Frome Shepton Mallet Warminster Trowbridge Chippenham Marlborough Andover Farnham Beaconsfield Maidenhead Dorking Reigate Sevenoaks Tilbury Sheerness Canterbury Harwich Sudbury Harlow Hertford Hatfield Bishop’s Stortford Amersham Cirencester Stroud Stow-on- the-Wold Stratford- upon-Avon Evesham Ross-on-Wye Abergavenny Monmouth Merthyr Tydfil Builth Wells Brecon Llandovery Llandeilo Neath Llanelli Carmarthen Cardigan St Clears Tenby Aberystwyth Machynlleth Rhayader Llandrindod Wells Llangurig Newtown Welshpool Leominster Bromsgrove Kidderminster Bridgnorth Cannock Lichfield Hinckley Market Harborough Melton Mowbray Kettering Wellingborough Oakham Stamford Huntingdon Ely Newmarket Downham Market March Wisbech Thetford Diss Swaffham Great Yarmouth Beccles Cromer Skegness Spalding Boston Sleaford Newark- on-Trent Ashbourne Matlock Burton upon Trent Rugeley Uttoxeter Stone Leek Buxton Congleton Macclesfield Whitchurch Nantwich Northwich Wrexham Mold Queensferry Ruthin Llangollen Oswestry Y Bala Dolgellau Betws- y-Coed Porthmadog Caernarfon Bangor Holyhead Conwy Llandudno Skelmers- dale Bury Worksop Selby Goole Gainsborough Immingham Bridlington Scarborough Wetherby Ripon Thirsk Skipton Keighley Clitheroe Lancaster Fleetwood Heysham Morecambe Kendal Keswick Penrith Windermere Brough Consett Scotch Corner Hexham Corbridge Morpeth Alnwick Hawick Stranraer Jedburgh Berwick-upon-Tweed Crianlarich Oban Mallaig Fort William/ An Gearasdan Forfar Newtonmore Kyle of Lochalsh/ Caol Loch Aillse Ullapool Fraserburgh Corby Ashington Chichester Galashiels Dewsbury Wakefield Uckfield Royal Tunbridge Wells Bishop Auckland Brownhills Warwick Bracknell Staines Esher Runcorn Pontefract Uig Peebles St Andrews Arbroath Montrose Folkestone Bury St Edmunds King’s Lynn Lowestoft Grantham Blackpool Peterhead Durham Rotherham Glenrothes Dunfermline Falkirk Alloa Cumbernauld Dumbarton Airdrie Hamilton Motherwell Peterlee Maghull St Helens Rugby Eastleigh Christchurch Newport Ryde Littlehampton Tonbridge Woking Farnborough Brentwood Ilford Barnet Finchley Harrow Gravesend Chatham Cleethorpes Herne Bay Whitstable Wigston Bognor Regis Penarth Gosport Billericay Aldershot Dartford Rayleigh Washington Bentley Havant Horndean Broadstairs Rochester Livingston Cleveleys Crewe Rosyth Inverness/ Inbhir Nis Aberdeen Kirkcaldy EDINBURGH Stirling Greenock Glasgow Paisley East Kilbride Irvine Kilmarnock Ayr Tynemouth South Shields Sunderland Newcastle upon Tyne Gateshead Carlisle Dumfries Workington Whitehaven Darlington Stockton- on-Tees Hartlepool Middlesbrough Kingston upon Hull Leeds York Harrogate Bradford Burnley Halifax Blackburn Preston Southport Birkenhead Liverpool Wallasey Bootle Warrington Wigan Rochdale Oldham Bolton Stockport Huddersfield Sheffield MANCHESTER Ashton-under-Lyne Barnsley Doncaster Scunthorpe Grimsby Lincoln Norwich Nottingham Derby Loughborough Leicester Stoke-on -Trent Newcastle- under-Lyme Telford Wolverhampton BIRMINGHAM Walsall Dudley Stourbridge Redditch Worcester Coventry Nuneaton Royal Leamington Spa Northampton Bedford Peterborough Cambridge Clacton-on-Sea Colchester Southend-on-Sea Chelmsford Felixstowe Basildon Dagenham LONDON Stevenage Luton Milton Keynes St Albans Hemel Hempstead High Wycombe Dunstable Watford Slough Aylesbury Oxford Banbury Swindon Gloucester Cheltenham Cwmbran Newport Swansea Bridgwater CARDIFF Bristol Bath Avonmouth Weston-super-Mare Salisbury Basingstoke Reading Winchester Guildford Crawley Richmond Sutton Croydon Orpington Maidstone Margate Ramsgate Eastbourne Brighton Portsmouth Southampton Fareham Worthing Poole Bournemouth Weymouth Taunton Yeovil Torquay Exeter Plymouth Paignton Ipswich Tamworth Stafford Shrewsbury Dundee Perth Chester Widnes Newbury Hastings Chesterfield Hereford Barrow- in-Furness Ashford Horsham Mansfield Elgin DORSET HAMPSHIRE WEST SUSSEX EAST SUSSEX SURREY OXFORDSHIRE BUCKING- HAMSHIRE HERTFORDSHIRE ESSEX NORTHAMPTON- SHIRE CAMBRIDGESHIRE SUFFOLK NORFOLK LEICESTERSHIRE LINCOLNSHIRE NOTTINGHAM- SHIRE STAFFORDSHIRE DERBYSHIRE WARWICKSHIRE GLOUCESTERSHIRE KENT DEVON ISLES OF SCILLY CUMBRIA NORTH YORKSHIRE LANCASHIRE WORCESTERSHIRE SOMERSET ‘Road Investment Strategy’ Alongside the Autumn Statement on 3 December, the Government will publish its first Road Investment Strategy - a workplan for the Highways Agency as it is turned into a government-owned company. New road projects are being investigated all over the country for these plans. Route Strategies Since 2013, the Highways Agency has been reviewing all its roads via 18 Route (or ‘Route-Based’) Strategies. Feasibility Studies The Department for Transport is also carrying out six major ‘Feasibility Studies’ looking at these cross-country routes: A303 to the west of England A1 north of Newcastle A1 west of Newcastle A47 across Norfolk A27 on the south coast Across the Pennines from Manchester to Sheffield The Highways Agency’s budget for new roads will more than double between 2015 and 2020: Broken traffic forecasts Current road policies depend heavily on predictions of future traffic growth, but there is strong evidence that the Department for Transport’s traffic forecasts have overestimated demand since the 1980s, particularly for long-term predictions.The 1989 forecasts predicted growth from 1996 to 2012 of 37%. What actually materialised was just 13% UK statistics for 2013 show that total car traffic is now the same as in 2003 and the annual distance driven per person was 13% higher in 1995 than in 2013. Roads to nowhere Five things to ask your parliamentary candidates: ● Do you agree that new roads create new traffic, and just fill up in the long term? ● Will you help invest more in road maintenance to tackle the huge backlog of potholes, rather than building new roads? ● Do you support a £3 billion green retrofit programme to reduce the community severance and environmental impact of main roads? ● Do you support spending at least £10 per person per year on investment in cycling? ● Will you help take urgent action to reduce air pollution in our towns and cities? General Election 2015 2002 2020 2012 2015 £649m £1.0bn £3.8bn £1.5bn £1.9bn Highways Agency budget ACTUAL TRAFFIC GB ACTUAL TRAFFIC ENGLAND 1989 GB FORECAST (HIGH) 1989 GB FORECAST (LOW) 1997 GB FORECAST (HIGH) 1997 GB FORECAST (LOW) 2008 ENGLAND FORECAST 2009 ENGLAND FORECAST 2011 ENGLAND FORECAST 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 2025 2035 2003 = 100 Government forecasts vs actual road traffic Chart first published in 'Due Diligence, Traffic Forecasts, and the Pension Infrastructure Programme' by Phil Goodwin, Local Transport Today, 13.4.2012 Source data calculated by Mitchell, Stokes, Goodwin, IAM Motoring Facts, from DfT original sources.