RN-AIM: 2012 Annual Conference Joy Washburn, EdD, RN THE NURSE AS ADVOCATE THROUGHOUT HISTORY
Dec 16, 2015
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Attendees at this presentation will be able to:
• Explain why knowledge of the history of nursing is important to the profession of nursing
• Identify a minimum of three lesser-known RNs and their contributions to nursing
• Discuss how RNs have served and continue to serve in an advocacy role
WHY STUDY THE HISTORY OF NURSING?
• Knowledge of the history of a profession is the basis for a deeper understanding of the identity of a profession and thus its possibilities. It is, therefore, important for nurses to know their history. It reaches all the way into their daily work.
~ Kirsten Stallknecht (President of the Danish Nurses Association from 1968 to 1996)
• Born in 1861 on a reservation near Green Bay, WI
• First Native American to be educated as a nurse
• Graduated in October 1890 – Hartford School for Nurses
• Worked at Oneida Mission Hospital (1899-1904)
NANCY CORNELIUS SKENANDORE
• Born in Stratford, Ontario
• Nursing education at Provident Hospital in Chicago
• Hired in 1902 by the Charity Organization Society (NYC)
• First Public Health Nurse of African-American descent
JESSIE SLEET SCALES
• Worked in rural areas in the Appalachian Mountains
• Traveled via horseback to serve the health needs of the poverty-stricken mountain people
• Delivered babies, provided prenatal and postnatal care, educated mom and families about nutrition and hygiene, cared for the sick
• Demonstrated that nurses can provide primary care
MARY BRECKINRIDGE
D-DAY AFRICA: OPERATION TORCH
NOVEMBER 1942
• 108 nurses landed with the initial assault forces
• 48th Surgical Hospital
Often ignored by history classes is the story of the female prisoners of war taken captive during World War II.
• Austrian Nurse
• Worked in the Resistance during World War II
• Assignment: Auschwitz
• Risked her life repeatedly to care for prisoners
• Testified in war crimes trial
MARIA STROMBERGER
June 1944: D-Day (Operation Overlord)Nurses of the 13th Field Hospital (First US Army),
Omaha Beach, France.
2ND LIEUTENANT RUTH HADDICK, RN • Post-op nurse: 51st Field Hospital
• Arrived on Omaha Beach six days after D-Day
• Native of Freeland, Michigan
• Graduate of Saginaw General Hospital School of Nursing
• Flight Nurse – WW II
• Air Combat & Medical Evacuation Flights
• Died on November 1, 1944
• Honors
FIRST LIEUTENANT ALEDA LUTZ
• Graduate of Boston City Hospital School of Nursing in 1923
• Activist for better health care for Native Americans
• Appointed to the Council on Indian Health, Education and Welfare and to the Federal Indian Health Advisory Committee.
SUSIE WALKING BEAR YELLOWTAIL
• First African-American to attend the University of Maryland School of Nursing
• Admitted in 1950 after a legal battle
• Faced discrimination in during her nursing studies
ESTHER MCCREADY
• Served in the Army Nurse Corps during WWII
• Invented the first crash cart• Established formal meetings
with ER nurses in Buffalo, NY• Co-founder of the Emergency
Nurses Association (with Judith Kelleher)
ANITA DORR
• Believed nurses capable of providing advanced levels of care in community settings
• Co-Founder of the Nurse Practitioner Movement in 1965
• Founding Dean of the University of Rochester School of Nursing
LORETTA FORD
• Experienced gender discrimination
• Regularly challenged the status quo
• President of MNA
• Dean of Nursing
• 1st male inducted into the ANA Hall of Fame
LUTHER CHRISTMAN
BRIGADIER GENERAL CLARA ADAMS-ENDER (RETIRED)
• BSN, MSN
• Masters in Military Art & Science
• Chief of Nursing at Walter Reed Army Medical Center
• Commander of the Army Nurse Corps
• Commander of Fort Belvoir in Virginia
• Born in Haiti
• Worked for 30 years as an RN in Miami, FL
• Dean of the 1st BSN program in Haiti
• Provided health care leadership in the aftermath of the Haiti Earthquake
HILDA ALCINDOR
LIEUTENANT GENERAL PATRICIA HOROHO (ACTIVE DUTY)
• BSN, MSN
• Master of Science in National Resource Strategy
• Multiple Commands
• Commanding General of the United States Army Medical Command
QUESTIONS TO PONDER:
• How does nursing history affect contemporary nursing practice?• How could nursing history affect
the future practice of nursing?
TAKE HOME ACTIVITY (HOMEWORK)
• How could nursing history be integrated or applied in the practice of nursing by professional nurses in these categories?
• Nurse Educators
• Nurse Administrators/Nurse Managers
• Staff Nurses
• Community Health Nurses